fasteningn.

Brit.

/ˈfɑːsn̩ɪŋ/,

/ˈfɑːsnɪŋ/,

/ˈfasn̩ɪŋ/,

/ˈfasnɪŋ/, U.S.

/ˈfæs(ə)nɪŋ/

Forms: Old English fastnung, Old English–early Middle English fæstnung, early Middle English fæstnunȝe, early Middle English festnuȝe, early Middle English festnunȝe, Middle English fasteninge, Middle English fastenyng, Middle English fastenynge, Middle English fastinyng, Middle English fastninge, Middle English fastnyng, Middle English fastnynge, Middle English festenyng, Middle English festenynge, Middle English festning, Middle English festninge, Middle English festnyng, Middle English festynynge, Middle English uestninge, Middle English–1600s fastning, late Middle English festyngynge, 1600s– fastening; also Scottish pre-1700 fastnine.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Cognate with or formed similarly to Middle Dutch vesteninge , Middle Low German vesteninge , Old High German festinunga (Middle High German vestenunge ), and also (with the root vowel showing influence of the cognates of fast v.¹) Old Icelandic festning , Old Swedish, Swedish fästning , Old Danish, Danish fæstning , all in a range of senses ‘confirmation, affirmation, establishment, strengthening, fortification, firmament’ < the Germanic base of fasten v. + the Germanic base of -ing suffix¹. Compare hand-fastening n.

†1.

a. The condition of being firmly fixed or established. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > causation > initiating or causing to begin > [noun] > institution or founding

fasteningeOE

stablishinga1300

groundingc1380

stablingc1380

ordinancec1384

establishingc1400

foundationc1400

fundament1440

stablishment1444

institutionc1460

upsetting1470

erection1508

instituting1534

foundingc1540

erecting1553

constitution1582

establishment1596

plantation1605

instauration1614

institute1641

bottoming1642

ordaining1643

settlement1646

planting1702

incardination1897

eOE King Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care (Hatton) (1871) xlvii. 359 Ðonne mon ða fæstrædnesse his modes innan forlist.., gekyðð on ðære styringe ðara telgena utane ðæt ðær ne bið nan fæstnung on ðæm wyrtruman innan.

?c1400 (c1340) R. Rolle Psalter (Sidney Sussex) Cant. An. 13 Thurghe wham other are broght to stabilnes & festenyng [a1500 Univ. Oxf. 64 festyngynge].

a1425 Daily Work (Arun.) in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1895) I. 138 (MED) Ani thing þat has gode festenynge, as rote or stake.

1589 J. Lyly Pappe with Hatchet sig. D4 A settled raigne..is compared to the fastning of the Cedar, that knitteth it selfe with such wreaths into the earth, that it cannot be remooued by any violent force of the aire.

b. Scottish. The condition of being imprisoned; confinement. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > punishment > imprisonment > [noun]

prisonOE

wardc1290

prisoning1344

keepingc1384

imprisonment1389

prisonment1422

jail1447

fasteningc1460

warding1497

firmancea1522

incarcerationc1540

imprisoningc1542

limbo1590

limbus?a1600

endurance1610

jailing1622

restraint1829

carceration1870

holiday1901

Paddy Doyle1919

bird1924

c1460 Acts Parl. Scotl. (1844) I. App. iv. 714/2 Item of Scotismen þat helpis to bring Inglismen oute of presoune or oute of festyning.

1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xv. 309 He [sc. Iohn of Lorn] wes lang tyme in festnyng.

a1500 Burgh Laws lvii, in Acts Parl. Scotl. (1844) I. 344/2 Þat ilke seriand sal fynde festnyng gud and stalluart.

2. The action of fasten v. (in various senses); esp. the action of securing or attaching something; an instance of this.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social relations > association for a common purpose > [noun] > action of

fasteningOE

confederationc1425

confedering1530

banding1593

bandying1599

coalescence1609

associating1644

concorporating1648

federation1652

confederating1687

fraternizing1793

colleaguing1817

leaguing1841

ganging1891

gang-up1936

gang-banging1966

the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > [noun] > closing or shutting

shutting?a1366

closing1398

clausurec1440

sparring1564

uphasping1582

closure1600

fastening1605

shut1667

close1721

the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fastening > [noun]

anchoring1495

fibulation1658

fastening1691

tacking1713

spanning1874

OE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Parker) anno 1070 Landfranc crafede fæstnunge his gehersumnesse mid aðswerunge.

J. Gaytryge Lay Folks' Catech. (York Min.) (1901) l. 343 The sevent sacrement is Matirmonye, That is, a lawefull festenyng betwix man and woman.

1605 T. Tymme tr. J. Du Chesne Pract. Chymicall & Hermeticall Physicke iii. 192 Of all fastnings or closing up of glasses..the seale of Hermes is most noble.

1659 T. Ducket in Proc. Improvem. all Manner Land & Leather Postscript Concerning fastning of colours in dying.

1691 T. Hale Acct. New Inventions 24 Firm and unwasted as at their first fastening.

1793 J. Smeaton Narr. Edystone Lighthouse (ed. 2) §244 The fastening of the circle of stones..upon their respective cubes.

1850 W. B. Clarke Wreck of Favorite 33 There is no fastening of the shaft or stock into the socket.

1929 Pop. Mech. Nov. 813/1 A ring is placed in the nose and small chains run from it to the tip of each horn, where small holes have been drilled for fastening.

1998 Boards May 61/1 All booms sold nowadays ‘clamp’ on to the mast, allowing a quicker, easier and more secure method of fastening than the old tie-it-on-with-a-bit-of-string method.

3. A thing which fastens something (in various senses of the verb); esp. a device for closing or securing something, a fastener. Formerly also: †a person who fastens something (obsolete).belt-fastening, toggle fastening, zip fastening, etc.: see the first element.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fastening > [noun] > a fastening

fasteningOE

closing1382

festela1400

fastenera1425

fastingc1450

fastnessa1550

seizurea1616

closure1616

obligation1646

agraffe1772

fastenment1836

buckling1861

hitch1881

soul and body lashing1883

OE Blickling Homilies 163 Ic secge þæt se godspellere wæs fæstnung ægþer ge þære ealdan æ, ge þære niwan.

c1400 Brut (Rawl. B. 171) 155 (MED) Þe cherchedores were shitte wiþ Keyes & wiþ oþer fastnyng.

a1500 (c1340) R. Rolle Psalter (Univ. Oxf. 64) (1884) xvii. §1. 58 Lord my festynynge.

1633 G. Herbert Temple: Sacred Poems 119 Smooth open hearts no fastning have.

1769 Public Advertiser 18 May 3/4 Brass Sash Fastenings.

1847 W. H. Prescott Hist. Conquest Peru II. iv. v. 183 Pizarro, unable..to adjust the fastenings of his cuirass, threw it away.

1869 C. Gibbon Robin Gray v Crummie was not likely to break from her fastenings.

1885 Law Rep.: Queen's Bench Div. 15 316 A bar..was kept in its position by means of a fastening.

1901 Des Moines (Iowa) Daily News 3 Apr. 6/1 Officer Bean served notice on Woodward to..re-hinge the door which he had broken from its fastenings.

1966 I. Murdoch Time of Angels xv. 164 The fastening had broken that morning and the safety-pin with which she had secured it had come undone.

2010 Independent 9 Aug. 36/2 Slouchy leather satchels, in muted colours and with dark, metal fastenings.

Compounds

fastening penny English regional (chiefly northern) (now rare) a sum of money paid on hiring a servant, to secure the agreement; = fasting penny n.; cf. fasten v. 14b.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > payment > [noun] > payment by instalment or part-payment > an instalment > earnest money

earnest money1349

earnest1424

earnest penny1454

arles1487

bargain-penny1490

handsel1569

impress-money1617

depositum1623

fasting penny1650

deposit1737

arrha1754

handsale1766

fastening penny1811

sign-on1922

1811 A. Bartholoman Compl. Law Rep. Yorks. Lent Assize 47 They give a fastening penny; generally from half a crown to a guinea.

1872 Gentleman's Mag. Nov. 578 A bargain was struck, and considered thoroughly binding by the acceptance on the part of the servant of what was called ‘the fastening penny’.

1939 Daily Mail (Hull) 5 Apr. 5/7 Nicholls said he hired Goundrell at the annual Martinmas hirings.., and gave him 10s as a ‘fastening penny’.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2021; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

fasteningadj.

Brit.

/ˈfɑːsn̩ɪŋ/,

/ˈfɑːsnɪŋ/,

/ˈfasn̩ɪŋ/,

/ˈfasnɪŋ/, U.S.

/ˈfæs(ə)nɪŋ/

Forms: see fasten v. and -ing suffix².

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: fasten v., -ing suffix².

Etymology: < fasten v. + -ing suffix².In sense 1 after post-classical Latin confirmativa, neuter nominative plural of confirmativus (from 4th cent. in grammarians in this sense) and affirmativa, neuter nominative plural of affirmativus, in the same sense (see affirmative adj.).

†1. Grammar. Of an adverb: that expresses affirmation or confirmation. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

OE Ælfric Gram. (St. John's Oxf.) 226 Sume syndon ł conadfirmatiua [read con- uel adfirmatiua], þæt synd fæstnigende [c1225 Worcester fæstniende] oððe seðende, mid ðam we aseðað ure spræce.

2. That fastens (in various senses of the verb); esp. that fastens on something, that acts as a fastener.

ΚΠ

?c1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (Paris) (1971) 606 (MED) Of sowdynge and of fastenynge medecynes..many fourmes may be made, Of þe whiche þe firste is a powdry fourme.

1621 S. Ward Happinesse of Pract. 1 The fastening Nayle of the chiefe Master of the Assemblies.

1658 Sir T. Browne Garden of Cyrus iv, in Hydriotaphia: Urne-buriall 164 To omit severall Sea-plants, which grow on single roots from stones, although in very many there are side-shoots and fibres, beside the fastening root.

1821 Ld. Byron Cain i. i, in Sardanapalus 365 In his eye There is a fastening attraction which Fixes my fluttering eyes on his.

1831 P. F. Tytler Hist. Scotl. IV. ii. 271 His tent..was of silk; the fastening chains were richly gilt.

1865 A. C. Swinburne Atalanta in Calydon 970 I shall have..no face of children born Or feeding lips upon me or fastening eyes For ever.

1989 Cycle Oct. 48/3 A single yellow flower is inserted between my pack and its fastening bungee cord.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2021; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	fastening
释义	fasteningn. Brit. /ˈfɑːsn̩ɪŋ/, /ˈfɑːsnɪŋ/, /ˈfasn̩ɪŋ/, /ˈfasnɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈfæs(ə)nɪŋ/ Forms: Old English fastnung, Old English–early Middle English fæstnung, early Middle English fæstnunȝe, early Middle English festnuȝe, early Middle English festnunȝe, Middle English fasteninge, Middle English fastenyng, Middle English fastenynge, Middle English fastinyng, Middle English fastninge, Middle English fastnyng, Middle English fastnynge, Middle English festenyng, Middle English festenynge, Middle English festning, Middle English festninge, Middle English festnyng, Middle English festynynge, Middle English uestninge, Middle English–1600s fastning, late Middle English festyngynge, 1600s– fastening; also Scottish pre-1700 fastnine. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with or formed similarly to Middle Dutch vesteninge , Middle Low German vesteninge , Old High German festinunga (Middle High German vestenunge ), and also (with the root vowel showing influence of the cognates of fast v.¹) Old Icelandic festning , Old Swedish, Swedish fästning , Old Danish, Danish fæstning , all in a range of senses ‘confirmation, affirmation, establishment, strengthening, fortification, firmament’ < the Germanic base of fasten v. + the Germanic base of -ing suffix¹. Compare hand-fastening n. †1. a. The condition of being firmly fixed or established. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > causation > initiating or causing to begin > [noun] > institution or founding fasteningeOE stablishinga1300 groundingc1380 stablingc1380 ordinancec1384 establishingc1400 foundationc1400 fundament1440 stablishment1444 institutionc1460 upsetting1470 erection1508 instituting1534 foundingc1540 erecting1553 constitution1582 establishment1596 plantation1605 instauration1614 institute1641 bottoming1642 ordaining1643 settlement1646 planting1702 incardination1897 eOE King Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care (Hatton) (1871) xlvii. 359 Ðonne mon ða fæstrædnesse his modes innan forlist.., gekyðð on ðære styringe ðara telgena utane ðæt ðær ne bið nan fæstnung on ðæm wyrtruman innan. ?c1400 (c1340) R. Rolle Psalter (Sidney Sussex) Cant. An. 13 Thurghe wham other are broght to stabilnes & festenyng [a1500 Univ. Oxf. 64 festyngynge]. a1425 Daily Work (Arun.) in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1895) I. 138 (MED) Ani thing þat has gode festenynge, as rote or stake. 1589 J. Lyly Pappe with Hatchet sig. D4 A settled raigne..is compared to the fastning of the Cedar, that knitteth it selfe with such wreaths into the earth, that it cannot be remooued by any violent force of the aire. b. Scottish. The condition of being imprisoned; confinement. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > authority > punishment > imprisonment > [noun] prisonOE wardc1290 prisoning1344 keepingc1384 imprisonment1389 prisonment1422 jail1447 fasteningc1460 warding1497 firmancea1522 incarcerationc1540 imprisoningc1542 limbo1590 limbus?a1600 endurance1610 jailing1622 restraint1829 carceration1870 holiday1901 Paddy Doyle1919 bird1924 c1460 Acts Parl. Scotl. (1844) I. App. iv. 714/2 Item of Scotismen þat helpis to bring Inglismen oute of presoune or oute of festyning. 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xv. 309 He [sc. Iohn of Lorn] wes lang tyme in festnyng. a1500 Burgh Laws lvii, in Acts Parl. Scotl. (1844) I. 344/2 Þat ilke seriand sal fynde festnyng gud and stalluart. 2. The action of fasten v. (in various senses); esp. the action of securing or attaching something; an instance of this. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > association for a common purpose > [noun] > action of fasteningOE confederationc1425 confedering1530 banding1593 bandying1599 coalescence1609 associating1644 concorporating1648 federation1652 confederating1687 fraternizing1793 colleaguing1817 leaguing1841 ganging1891 gang-up1936 gang-banging1966 the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > [noun] > closing or shutting shutting?a1366 closing1398 clausurec1440 sparring1564 uphasping1582 closure1600 fastening1605 shut1667 close1721 the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fastening > [noun] anchoring1495 fibulation1658 fastening1691 tacking1713 spanning1874 OE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Parker) anno 1070 Landfranc crafede fæstnunge his gehersumnesse mid aðswerunge. J. Gaytryge Lay Folks' Catech. (York Min.) (1901) l. 343 The sevent sacrement is Matirmonye, That is, a lawefull festenyng betwix man and woman. 1605 T. Tymme tr. J. Du Chesne Pract. Chymicall & Hermeticall Physicke iii. 192 Of all fastnings or closing up of glasses..the seale of Hermes is most noble. 1659 T. Ducket in Proc. Improvem. all Manner Land & Leather Postscript Concerning fastning of colours in dying. 1691 T. Hale Acct. New Inventions 24 Firm and unwasted as at their first fastening. 1793 J. Smeaton Narr. Edystone Lighthouse (ed. 2) §244 The fastening of the circle of stones..upon their respective cubes. 1850 W. B. Clarke Wreck of Favorite 33 There is no fastening of the shaft or stock into the socket. 1929 Pop. Mech. Nov. 813/1 A ring is placed in the nose and small chains run from it to the tip of each horn, where small holes have been drilled for fastening. 1998 Boards May 61/1 All booms sold nowadays ‘clamp’ on to the mast, allowing a quicker, easier and more secure method of fastening than the old tie-it-on-with-a-bit-of-string method. 3. A thing which fastens something (in various senses of the verb); esp. a device for closing or securing something, a fastener. Formerly also: †a person who fastens something (obsolete).belt-fastening, toggle fastening, zip fastening, etc.: see the first element. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fastening > [noun] > a fastening fasteningOE closing1382 festela1400 fastenera1425 fastingc1450 fastnessa1550 seizurea1616 closure1616 obligation1646 agraffe1772 fastenment1836 buckling1861 hitch1881 soul and body lashing1883 OE Blickling Homilies 163 Ic secge þæt se godspellere wæs fæstnung ægþer ge þære ealdan æ, ge þære niwan. c1400 Brut (Rawl. B. 171) 155 (MED) Þe cherchedores were shitte wiþ Keyes & wiþ oþer fastnyng. a1500 (c1340) R. Rolle Psalter (Univ. Oxf. 64) (1884) xvii. §1. 58 Lord my festynynge. 1633 G. Herbert Temple: Sacred Poems 119 Smooth open hearts no fastning have. 1769 Public Advertiser 18 May 3/4 Brass Sash Fastenings. 1847 W. H. Prescott Hist. Conquest Peru II. iv. v. 183 Pizarro, unable..to adjust the fastenings of his cuirass, threw it away. 1869 C. Gibbon Robin Gray v Crummie was not likely to break from her fastenings. 1885 Law Rep.: Queen's Bench Div. 15 316 A bar..was kept in its position by means of a fastening. 1901 Des Moines (Iowa) Daily News 3 Apr. 6/1 Officer Bean served notice on Woodward to..re-hinge the door which he had broken from its fastenings. 1966 I. Murdoch Time of Angels xv. 164 The fastening had broken that morning and the safety-pin with which she had secured it had come undone. 2010 Independent 9 Aug. 36/2 Slouchy leather satchels, in muted colours and with dark, metal fastenings. Compounds fastening penny English regional (chiefly northern) (now rare) a sum of money paid on hiring a servant, to secure the agreement; = fasting penny n.; cf. fasten v. 14b. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > payment > [noun] > payment by instalment or part-payment > an instalment > earnest money earnest money1349 earnest1424 earnest penny1454 arles1487 bargain-penny1490 handsel1569 impress-money1617 depositum1623 fasting penny1650 deposit1737 arrha1754 handsale1766 fastening penny1811 sign-on1922 1811 A. Bartholoman Compl. Law Rep. Yorks. Lent Assize 47 They give a fastening penny; generally from half a crown to a guinea. 1872 Gentleman's Mag. Nov. 578 A bargain was struck, and considered thoroughly binding by the acceptance on the part of the servant of what was called ‘the fastening penny’. 1939 Daily Mail (Hull) 5 Apr. 5/7 Nicholls said he hired Goundrell at the annual Martinmas hirings.., and gave him 10s as a ‘fastening penny’. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2021; most recently modified version published online June 2022). fasteningadj. Brit. /ˈfɑːsn̩ɪŋ/, /ˈfɑːsnɪŋ/, /ˈfasn̩ɪŋ/, /ˈfasnɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈfæs(ə)nɪŋ/ Forms: see fasten v. and -ing suffix². Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: fasten v., -ing suffix². Etymology: < fasten v. + -ing suffix².In sense 1 after post-classical Latin confirmativa, neuter nominative plural of confirmativus (from 4th cent. in grammarians in this sense) and affirmativa, neuter nominative plural of affirmativus, in the same sense (see affirmative adj.). †1. Grammar. Of an adverb: that expresses affirmation or confirmation. Obsolete. ΚΠ OE Ælfric Gram. (St. John's Oxf.) 226 Sume syndon ł conadfirmatiua [read con- uel adfirmatiua], þæt synd fæstnigende [c1225 Worcester fæstniende] oððe seðende, mid ðam we aseðað ure spræce. 2. That fastens (in various senses of the verb); esp. that fastens on something, that acts as a fastener. ΚΠ ?c1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (Paris) (1971) 606 (MED) Of sowdynge and of fastenynge medecynes..many fourmes may be made, Of þe whiche þe firste is a powdry fourme. 1621 S. Ward Happinesse of Pract. 1 The fastening Nayle of the chiefe Master of the Assemblies. 1658 Sir T. Browne Garden of Cyrus iv, in Hydriotaphia: Urne-buriall 164 To omit severall Sea-plants, which grow on single roots from stones, although in very many there are side-shoots and fibres, beside the fastening root. 1821 Ld. Byron Cain i. i, in Sardanapalus 365 In his eye There is a fastening attraction which Fixes my fluttering eyes on his. 1831 P. F. Tytler Hist. Scotl. IV. ii. 271 His tent..was of silk; the fastening chains were richly gilt. 1865 A. C. Swinburne Atalanta in Calydon 970 I shall have..no face of children born Or feeding lips upon me or fastening eyes For ever. 1989 Cycle Oct. 48/3 A single yellow flower is inserted between my pack and its fastening bungee cord. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2021; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.eOEadj.OE
随便看	unvisual unvital unvitalized unvitalness unvitiated unvitrescibility unvitrescible unvitrifiable unvitrified unvitriolized unvizard unvizarded unvizarding unvizards unvocable unvocal unvocalized unvoice unvoiced unvoiceful unvoices unvoicing unvoidable unvoided unvolatile