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pommeln.1 Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French pomel. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman pomel, pomell, pumel and Old French pomel, Middle French pommeau , pommel , poumel (French pommeau ) ornamental knob (end of 11th cent. in Rashi with reference to a candlestick), spherical ornament, finial (c1160 with reference to a tomb), pommel of a sword (a1188), pommel of a saddle (a1449), the Pole Star (1493 in the passage translated in quot. 1503 at sense 2d) < pom (see pome n.1) + -el -el suffix2. Compare post-classical Latin pomellum, pomellus knob, boss (frequently from 12th cent. in British and continental sources), pommel of a sword (13th cent. in British and continental sources), Old Occitan pomel, pomal pommel, Italian pomello pommel (14th cent.; rare in this sense; chiefly in sense ‘Adam's apple’). Compare also Italian pomo pommel of a sword or saddle (c1320 in this sense), Catalan pom pommel (12th cent. in this sense).In sense 5 perhaps influenced by pommel v., pummel v. society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > architectural ornament > [noun] > other ornaments α. a1300 (c1250) (Vitell.) (1966) 232 (MED) Hondred teyse þe tour is heie..And þe pomel aboue þe lede..shineþ aniht. ?a1425 (Egerton) (1889) 136 (MED) Abouen þe principall toure er twa pomelles of gold. ?c1475 (BL Add. 15562) f. 100 A pomel , tolus. c1500 (1895) 357 Euery yere vpon the last day of August was sene a grete hand that toke the pommel of the said toure & pullyd it fro the toure. 1611 2 Chron. iv. 12 The two wreathes to couer the two pommels of the chapiters, which were on the top of the pillars. View more context for this quotation 1706 (new ed.) Pomellum, (in old Latin Records), a Pommel or round Ball, set on the top of a Building. 1720 J. Strype (rev. ed.) I. iii. viii. 143/2 A new Cross, with a Pomel well gilt, [was] set on the top thereof [sc. the Spire]. 1842 J. Gwilt Gloss. 1018 Pomel, a globular protuberance terminating a pinnacle, etc. 1970 H. Braun xvi. 196 The Gothic finial or ‘pommel’ with its pair of half-open cabbage-like leaves flanking a central one appears everywhere on buildings and bench-ends. 2. A rounded knob; any sort of ornamental knob. society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > sharp weapon > side arms > [noun] > hilt, generally > knob on hilt α. c1330 (?a1300) (Auch.) (1973) 2816 (MED) Þai founde A ston stonden on þe grounde..Þerin a swerd..On þe pomel was ywrite: ‘Icham yhot Estalibore.’ a1393 J. Gower (Fairf.) iii. 1443 (MED) The Pomel of his swerd to grounde He sette. ?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng (Petyt) (1996) i. l. 9887 Calaburn..fro þe hilte to þe pomelle tuelue inche grete þat tyme as felle. a1470 T. Malory (Winch. Coll.) 70 She sette the pomell to the grounde, and rove hirselff thorowoute the body. a1500 ( Poems from Pilgrimage of Soul (Egerton) in F. J. Furnivall (1897) p. lvii (MED) Thes burdon is my trest..Of [read On] this pomel will I my self rest, That specially to me geuith gret counfort..moder, maide, and wiffe. 1584 J. Lyly ii. iii Hee that can..weare his dagger pomel lower then the point. 1617 F. Moryson iii. 167 The Gentlemen..that haue priuiledge to weare Swords, as the Doctors of Ciuill Law, haue plaine pommels to them, neuer guilded. 1651 W. Davenant i. vi. xiii His Hilts round Pommel he did then unskrew. 1761 C. Lennox Life Sir Anthony Van Dyck ii, in No. 11. 827 His right hand holds a general's staff, and his left the pommel of his sword. 1863 C. Boutell xvii. 204 It is also charged upon a small shield upon the pommel of his sword-hilt. 1889 ‘M. Twain’ xix. 234 They kneeled all down and put the pommels of their swords to the knight, and so he received them. 1969 J. Henderson iii. 27 A pommel, more or less ornamental, was welded on the end of the tang. 1990 G. Bear (1991) i. xiv. 69 The large Bowie knife gold pommel and ivory grip gleaming steel blade a century old. society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > decoration specifically in relief > [noun] > bosses and knobs 1345–9 Wardrobe Acct. Edward III in (1846) 31 80 (MED) j aliam platam cum j pomell. a1400 (c1250) (Egerton) (1966) 171 (MED) Ther haue þey for þat maide ȝolde..a coupe..In þe pomel þeron Stood a charbuncle stoon. 1424 in F. J. Furnivall (1882) 57 My flat couered pece [of plate] whith a sqware pomell. 1527 Inventory Goods Henry Fitzroy 19 in (1855) III A Chaire of clothe of golde, frynged with redde silk and gold, with iiij. pomelles of silver and gild. c1560 (a1500) (Copland) 745 Ye shall..ryde, my doughter, in a chare,..Your pomelles shalbe ended with gold. a1625 F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Four Plays in One in (1647) sig. Dddddddd/2 To touch the pomell of the Kings chair..is better security..then three of the best Merchants. 1718 14 [He] hit him also against the Pommel of a Chair, whereby His Majesty's Eye is black and blue. 1995 (Nexis) 5 Mar. d1 The finials, or pommels, atop the back posts of Shaker chairs functioned as useful handles for easy lifting and moving. the world > space > shape > curvature > curved three-dimensional shape or body > [noun] > sphericity or globularity > sphere > small sphere or globule a1425 (c1395) (Royal) (1850) Prov. xxv. 11 A goldun pomel [a1382 Douce 369(1) cheke bon; L. Mala] in beddis of siluer is he, that spekith a word in his time. a1475 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville (Vitell.) 6717 Lower doun ek ther was set A-nother poomel, wych off makyng Was lasse & Round, (to my seemyng). 1481 W. Caxton tr. ii. xxxi. 125 In the mone is a body polysshyd and fair lyke a pommell right wel burnysshed. ?1541 R. Copland ii. sig. Fj Makynge a party of the orbytall, or emynent pomall that is rounde bryght. 1688 R. Holme iii. 325/1 He beareth..a Rowel of six points, at each a pomell or Button. the world > the universe > star > kind of star > giant > [noun] > supergiant > Pole star 1503 tr. sig. liv The stern that we cal the pomeaw of hewyns & ryght vnder yt ys the sown at the howr of mydnyght. 1570 P. Levens sig. Eii/2 A Pomel, polus i. society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > parts and fittings of firearms > [noun] > knob on breech of cannon 1639 R. Ward i. iv. l. 129 The Center of the pummell or Caskable of the Peece. 1672 tr. Compleat Gunner i. iv. 5 in T. Venn iii The Pumel or Button at her Coyl or Britch-end is called the Casacabel. 1706 (new ed.) Cascabel, the pummel or hindermost round Knob at the Breach of a great Gun, by some called the Cascabel-deck. †3. A rounded or semi-globular projecting part. the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > top of head > [noun] c1385 G. Chaucer 2689 He pighte hym on the pomel of his heed. the world > life > the body > external parts of body > trunk > front > breast or breasts (of woman) > [noun] a1586 Bankis of Helicon 63 in (1910) 275 With yvoire nek, and pomellis round, And comlie intervall. the world > life > the body > external parts of body > limb > extremities > hand > [noun] > edge of 1644 J. Bulwer 75 The nether part of this Hand in this posture Chiromancers call the pomell or percussion of the Hand. society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > earthwork or rampart > [noun] > bastion 1687 A. Lovell tr. J. de Thévenot i. 18 A square Castle, with a Tower, joined to it by a Pomel of a Wall. 4. the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping or management of horses > horse-gear > [noun] > saddle > parts of saddle α. a1500 (?c1450) 191 Theire swerdes hangynge at the pomell of theire sadeles be-fore. 1591 J. Florio 41 Now hold me that stirop. Get vp, and hold fast by the pomell. 1607 G. Markham ii. 104 [Some] will..put a verie strong pasterne vpon one of the horses hinder feete, then passing the other end of the corde thorowe the pasterne, bring it againe to the saddle pommell. 1694 P. Falle ii. 65 Before whom rideth the Viscount, or Sheriff, with his Staff of Office erected, one End thereof on the Pommel of his Saddle. 1711 R. Steele No. 109. ⁋3 Taking him..before him on the Pommel of his Saddle. 1799 W. Scott xxxiii At each pommel there, for battle yare, A Jedwood axe was slung. 1809 21 367 The rider..was forcibly thrown forward on the pommel of the saddle. 1840 R. H. Dana xiii. 102 The saddles..have large pommels, or loggerheads, in front, round which the ‘lasso’ is coiled when not in use. 1884 ‘M. Twain’ xviii. 163 A..young man came galloping down the road... He had his gun across his pommel. 1903 E. Œ. Somerville & ‘M. Ross’ 259 It's a decent old saddle with a pommel on the off side. 1978 J. A. Maxwell v. 169/2 The woman's saddle..resembles Spanish models, except that the pommel and cantle..are much higher. 1995 S. K. Penman (1996) xl. 503 Each time he swayed in the saddle, he grabbed the pommel. society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > gymnastics > [noun] > equipment 1887 A. Alexander 137 The Vaulting Horse..contains a set of pommels, which are removable if required. 1895 W. Maclaren (new ed.) 103 For vaulting with one hand, circling, feint exercises &c..., it is customary to have pommels fitted on the horse. 1908 (H.M.S.O.) viii. 184 Bend the knees and spring quickly from the ground up to the ‘First position’, with the hands gripping the pommels. 1932 T. McDowell vii. 28 This vault may also be performed with one hand on a pommel and the other on the horse proper. 1972 B. Taylor et al. viii. 181/2 The left arm pushes off the left pommel enabling the gymnast to gain the necessary height. 1999 Mar.–Apr. 18/3 In training on pommels the Japanese were going through every time but the competition saw the younger boys in some trouble. society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > [noun] > instrument for hitting ball 1845 C. Rodgers Tom Treddlehoyle's Thowts 39 in Burd-caiges, pumils, waukin-sticks, an' knurs. 1870 Jan. 48 The bats, or sticks, known as pommels. 1972 14 Jan. (Colour Suppl.) 22/3 You stand about four feet away from the spell, armed with a ‘stick’, rather like a billiard cue with a hammer head (called the ‘pommel’). 1994 A. Kellett 96/2 When the knur is released the laiker..attempts to hit it as far as possible with a stick with a clubbed end, known as a pummel, buck stick, or tribbet. Compounds General attributive and objective. C1. the world > health and disease > ill health > deformity > deformities of specific parts > [noun] > of foot 1768 J. Cremer Jrnl. 22 Jan. in R. R. Bellamy (1936) 64 He had..a pumeled foot... The watterman took him to the Devill with a Cloaven foot.] 1857 R. Dunglison (rev. ed.) 776/1 Pummel-foot, kyllosis. 1861 W. Barnes in June 127 Man may be marred..by perverse fashions—as in the pummel feet of Chinese women. 1895 Pommelfoot, a syn. for Clubfoot. 1942 L. Bennett 20 De pumble foot gal wey work wid me Teck careless so drop i' dung stairs. society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > gymnastics > [noun] > equipment 1908 (H.M.S.O.) viii. 185 Progression should be obtained by gradually raising the height of the pommel horse till it is somewhat higher than the average troop horse. 1932 T. McDowell p. vi Then comes the ‘pommel horse’ with pad. 1971 21 Feb. 9/1 The basic pommel horse exercises developed by German Ludwig Jahn, the father of the sport, in the last century. 1999 S. Rushdie (2000) v. 135 He developed a passionate interest in fitness and gymnastics, becoming the star of the school gymnasium, equally adept on horizontal and parallel bars, pommel horse and rings. C2. society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > gymnastics > [noun] > equipment 1932 T. McDowell vii. 30 Pommel Vault. Take off from both feet as the hands grasp the pommels. 2000 (Nexis) 8 July l20 You have the perfect right to pull up a chair and watch your little one pirouetting or pommel vaulting. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2006; most recently modified version published online June 2022). † pommeln.2 Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French pommelle, paumelle. Etymology: < French pommelle wooden implement used to make leather supple and to give it grain (1680; now apparently only as paumelle ; compare below), kind of wedge made of oak wood used by quarry workers to break out blocks of stone (1723 as pomelle ), apparently a variant (by association with pomme pome n.1) of paumelle (although this is apparently first attested later in sense 2 (1723) and is not attested in masonry; earlier in sense ‘palm of the hand’ (1294 in Old French; now obsolete in this sense) and in a number of (different) technical senses) < paume (see palm n.1) + -elle -elle suffix.It is possible that sense 1 is of a different origin. Perhaps associated with pommel v., pummel v. Obsolete. society > occupation and work > equipment > piercing or boring tools > [noun] > punches 1793 J. Smeaton (ed. 2) §36 The three holes were broke into one, by square-faced Pummels. society > occupation and work > equipment > equipment for working with skins or leather > [noun] > equipment for softening hides or leather 1839 A. Ure 377 Pommels are made of different sizes and with grooves of various degrees of fineness... Pommels serve to give grain and pliancy to the skins. 1852 C. Morfit (1853) 465 All leather should be submitted to the action of the pommel. a1877 E. H. Knight II. 1763/2 Pommel,..2. A block of hard wood used by curriers in pressing and working skins to render them supple. It is flat above and rounded below. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2006; most recently modified version published online December 2021). pommelv. Inflections: Present participle pommelling, (chiefly U.S.) pommeling; past tense and past participle pommelled, (chiefly U.S.) pommeled; Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: pommel n.1 Etymology: < pommel n.1 Compare pummel v. the world > movement > impact > striking > beating or repeated striking > beat [verb (transitive)] 1530 J. Palsgrave 662/1 I pomell, I beate one aboute the eares, je torche. 1548 f. xlixv Ye duke..tooke hym..and pomeled [him] so aboute the hed that the bloud yssued out of hys nose. 1688 T. Shadwell iii. i. 48 I tore her by the hair, and pomell'd her to some tune. 1751 S. Richardson (ed. 3) V. xxxiv. 295 A bigger [boy], who was pommeling him, for having run away with his apple. 1768 A. Tucker II. iii. 443 Calling in his imps to hold their arms while he pommels them. 1821 C. Lamb in Sept. 282/2 He..pommelled him severely with the hilt of it [sc. a sword]. 1863 ‘Ouida’ I. vi. 132 There is a degree of absurdity in two mortals setting solemnly to work to pommel one another. 1895 S. Crane v. 59 The lieutenant..had seized him by the collar and was pommeling him. 1901 R. Kipling iv. 96 He would have been pommelled to death that same evening by an elephant. 1934 D. Hammett xxv. 206 Clumsy, ineffectual blows on my back and shoulder brought me around to find Gilbert pommelling me. 1985 L. Blue 144 A crowded tube train. I was standing up, swaying on a strap, pushed and pommelled. Derivatives the world > movement > impact > striking > beating or repeated striking > [noun] > one who 1879 G. F. Jackson 330 Pommeller, a pavior's mallet. 1931 14 Dec. 1/5 You gotta give most of the credit to Sylvia, the swedish pommeler [sc. a masseuse]. the world > movement > impact > striking > beating or repeated striking > [noun] 1788 14 It was..with difficulty that he was able to walk at all, so sore was he, with the pommelling he had received. 1824 W. Irving I. 334 The old man's ire was somewhat appeased by the pommeling of my head. 1941 7 Aug. 3/4 The steady pommelling that the R.A.F. are giving strategic points throughout Cyrenaica. 1971 30 Jan. 16/4 In a setting as confined as the masseuse's couch, it becomes very plain where the [radio] actors are... If the pommelling were done by somebody else.., it would show. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < |
