Beltane-cown.

Brit.

/ˈbɛlteɪnkaʊ/, U.S.

/ˈbɛlˌteɪnˌkaʊ/

Forms: early Middle English Beltancou, early Middle English Beltincou, early Middle English Beltoncow, early Middle English 1900s– Beltankou, 1900s– Beltancu, 1900s– Beltane-cow.

Origin: Of uncertain origin.

Etymology: Origin uncertain. The first element ultimately reflects Early Irish belltaine , beltaine the first of May (see Beltane n.), and the second element is either Middle English cou or its early Scandinavian cognate (see cow n.¹), but it is unclear in which language the compound was originally formed.The word order shows that the compound was formed in a Germanic language, rather than Early Irish or Anglo-Norman. If it was formed in English, it would by implication be the earliest evidence for Beltane n., although given the isolation of the compound, both chronologically and geographically, it is likely that it did not have any continuity with the later Scots word. If it was formed in early Scandinavian, it would imply an otherwise unattested borrowing of the first element from Early Irish into that language; such a borrowing could have occurred in the Scandinavian settlements in Ireland and western Scotland. Form history. The modern form Beltancu shows a normalized early Middle English form of the second element (compare cu at cow n.¹ Forms), intended as a normalized historical form of the compound. In the form Beltane-cow with remodelling after Beltane n. and cow n.¹

Law (now historical and rare).

In Lancashire: a payment in cattle made at the beginning of May every three years, apparently for grazing rights. Cf. Beltane n.

ΚΠ

1314 in W. Farrer Lancs. Inquests, Extents, & Feudal Aids: Pt. 2 (1907) 23 [Of] Beltancou [this year which..only falls each third year]... [The custom called] Beltankou [at the term of Michaelmas].

1323–4 in W. Farrer Lancs. Inquests (1907) 176 [Of a custom called] Beltoncow.

1926 Eng. Hist. Rev. 41 29 The normal township rents of cornage and vacca de metreth, which here take the names of cowmale and beltancu.

1963 W. Rees in Angles & Britons 161 At Singleton in Lancashire there is a record of the payment of the Beltancu, paid, significantly at the Feast of Beltan on 1 May.

2014 D. Banham & R. Faith Anglo-Saxon Farms & Farming vii. 158 ‘Neatgeld’ and ‘Beltane-cow’, paid to lords of shires for grazing rights, were payable at Beltane, the first of May, the traditional date for the beginning of summer pasturing.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2017; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	beltane-cow
释义	Beltane-cown. Brit. /ˈbɛlteɪnkaʊ/, U.S. /ˈbɛlˌteɪnˌkaʊ/ Forms: early Middle English Beltancou, early Middle English Beltincou, early Middle English Beltoncow, early Middle English 1900s– Beltankou, 1900s– Beltancu, 1900s– Beltane-cow. Origin: Of uncertain origin. Etymology: Origin uncertain. The first element ultimately reflects Early Irish belltaine , beltaine the first of May (see Beltane n.), and the second element is either Middle English cou or its early Scandinavian cognate (see cow n.¹), but it is unclear in which language the compound was originally formed.The word order shows that the compound was formed in a Germanic language, rather than Early Irish or Anglo-Norman. If it was formed in English, it would by implication be the earliest evidence for Beltane n., although given the isolation of the compound, both chronologically and geographically, it is likely that it did not have any continuity with the later Scots word. If it was formed in early Scandinavian, it would imply an otherwise unattested borrowing of the first element from Early Irish into that language; such a borrowing could have occurred in the Scandinavian settlements in Ireland and western Scotland. Form history. The modern form Beltancu shows a normalized early Middle English form of the second element (compare cu at cow n.¹ Forms), intended as a normalized historical form of the compound. In the form Beltane-cow with remodelling after Beltane n. and cow n.¹ Law (now historical and rare). In Lancashire: a payment in cattle made at the beginning of May every three years, apparently for grazing rights. Cf. Beltane n. ΚΠ 1314 in W. Farrer Lancs. Inquests, Extents, & Feudal Aids: Pt. 2 (1907) 23 [Of] Beltancou [this year which..only falls each third year]... [The custom called] Beltankou [at the term of Michaelmas]. 1323–4 in W. Farrer Lancs. Inquests (1907) 176 [Of a custom called] Beltoncow. 1926 Eng. Hist. Rev. 41 29 The normal township rents of cornage and vacca de metreth, which here take the names of cowmale and beltancu. 1963 W. Rees in Angles & Britons 161 At Singleton in Lancashire there is a record of the payment of the Beltancu, paid, significantly at the Feast of Beltan on 1 May. 2014 D. Banham & R. Faith Anglo-Saxon Farms & Farming vii. 158 ‘Neatgeld’ and ‘Beltane-cow’, paid to lords of shires for grazing rights, were payable at Beltane, the first of May, the traditional date for the beginning of summer pasturing. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2017; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.1314
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