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单词 lepra
释义

lepran.

Brit. /ˈlɛprə/, U.S. /ˈlɛprə/
Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin lepra.
Etymology: < classical Latin lepra psoriasis or other skin disease < ancient Greek λέπρα psoriasis, in Hellenistic Greek also denoting other skin diseases (Septuagint, New Testament), use as noun of feminine of λεπρός (adjective) scaly < either λεπίς scale (see lepido- comb. form) or Hellenistic Greek λέπος husk, scale (see lepolite n.) + -ρος , suffix forming adjectives. Compare leper n.1Compare the following earlier occurrence of the Latin or Greek word (identified as a southern word) in an English context (with Old English sēo hwīte hrīefþo , lit. ‘the white scurfiness’, compare riff n.2):eOE Bald's Leechbk. (Royal) (1865) ii. xxx. 228 Sio hwite riefþo þe mon on suþerne lepra hæt.
1. Medicine. = leprosy n. 1. Cf. leper n.1 1.In 19th-cent. dermatological works, often used synonymously with psoriasis n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of visible parts > skin disorders > [noun] > leprosy
spittle-evil?c1225
leperc1275
meselrya1387
lepraa1398
mesela1400
leprosy?a1450
leprosityc1451
lepryc1475
leperhood1491
leperhead1493
leprousnessa1500
lazaryc1503
meselnessc1520
tyre1547
lepernessa1557
satyriasis1587
lazarousness1648
leontiasis1753
cocobay1788
Hansen's disease1938
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of visible parts > skin disorders > [noun] > scurfy or scabby state or disease
scurfc1000
scabc1250
scallc1374
lepraa1398
morphoeaa1398
scalledness1398
morphewa1400
scabiesc1400
scale14..
scruff14..
shellsc1400
rove?c1450
scabnessc1450
scabbedness1483
scaldness1527
scurfinessa1529
scaledness1530
dandruff1545
skalfering1561
bran1574
room1578
reefa1585
scabbiness1584
scald1598
skilfers1599
scabiosity1608
scalliness1610
scaliness1611
furfur1621
morph1681
pityriasis1684
psoriasis1684
porrigo1706
scaly tetter1799
motley dandruff1822
scale-skin1822
parapsoriasis1903
dander-
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. vii. lxiv. 423 Lepra ‘meselrye’ is an vniuersal corrupcioun of membres... In foure maner wise lepra is diuers, as þe foure humours beþ passingeliche and diuersliche imedled.
a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 196 Of lepre... Lepra is a foul sijknes þat comeþ of malancolie corrupt.
1583 P. Barrough Methode of Phisicke v. ii. 202 Therefore the name of lepra signifieth with Auicene and with the vnlearned company, a most grieuous and deadly disease.
1634 T. Johnson tr. A. Paré Chirurg. Wks. xx. vi. 769 For the Lepra is a kinde of Scab and disease of the skinne, which is vulgarly called Malum sancti manis.
1671 W. Salmon Synopsis Medicinæ i. xlviii. 114 Lepra the Leprosie is that which affecteth the whole Body or a part thereof with Scurff like Scales.
1717 D. Turner Syphilis ii. 97 Which this Author commends as well for the Arthritis and Lepra, as for the French Pox.
1811 A. T. Thomson London Dispensatory ii. 150 Scrofulous swellings, lepra and some other cutaneous diseases.
1840 London Med. Gaz. 7 Dec. 383/2 It applies to the mildest form of siphilitic lepra, of which the deficiency of scales..is a remarkable characteristic.
1864 W. T. Fox Skin Dis. 43 Lepra and psoriasis are identical, though the two names are retained.
1876 J. Van Duyn & E. C. Seguin tr. E. L. Wagner Man. Gen. Pathol. 439 The common form of Lepra is characterized by a nodular formation.
1881 Med. Temperance Jrnl. 46 76 Attended with lepra or psoriasis.
1914 H. W. Stelwagon Treat. Dis. Skin (ed. 7) 914 Lepra is an endemic, chronic, malignant, constitutional disease, due to a specific bacillus.
1986 Jrnl. Amer. Acad. Dermatol. 14 865/1 Authorities vacillated in their opinions as to whether, indeed, psoriasis was lepra or something else.
2011 Jrnl. Ethnopharmacol. 137 1486/1 The leaves are also used..against fever, lepra and tuberculosis.
2. Botany. A layer of green algae or lichens, or a white mealy substance, on the surface of a plant or plant part. Obsolete. rare.
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1805 in tr. K. L. Willdenow Princ. Bot. & Veg. Physiol. 344 Lepra is frequently met with on the trunks, especially of young trees.
1848 J. Lindley Gloss. Techn. Terms Bot. p. liv Lepra,..—A white mealy matter which exudes or protrudes from the surface of some plants.

Compounds

C1. General attributive (in sense 1).
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1862 Chem. News 30 Aug. 115/1 (heading) On the presence of lactic acid in lepra scales.
1890 G. Watt Dict. Econ. Products India III. 169 I experimented for two years with gurjun oil as a cure for leprosy in the lepra ward at Burdwan.
1898 P. Manson Trop. Dis. xxvi. 412 A Sandwich Islander..was inoculated from a lepra tubercle.
1916 J. McFarland Text-bk. Pathogenic Bacteria & Protozoa (ed. 8) 702 Fragments of tissue freshly excised from a lepra nodule were introduced beneath his skin.
1973 Rotarian Oct. 21/1 Now she has charge of the lepra colony and the mental wards.
C2.
lepra bacillus n. [after German Lepra-bacillus (1880 or earlier) (now Lepra-bazillus)] = leprosy bacillus n. at leprosy n. Compounds 2.
ΚΠ
1881 Lancet 30 July 185/2 The lepra bacilli are best rendered visible by staining with fuchsin.
1921 Manson's Trop. Dis. (ed. 7) xxxvi. 508 Many apparently unsuccessful attempts have been made to cultivate the lepra bacillus.
1994 Clin. Infectious Dis. 18 614 table One man had neural leprosy and developed nodular leprosy, with lepra bacilli visible in damaged tissue, in the blue part of his tattoo.
lepra cell n. [after German Leprazelle (1872 or earlier)] a large histiocyte with foamy cytoplasm containing leprosy bacilli.
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1881 Lancet 30 July 186/1 This fact seems to indicate that the specific form of the lepra cell depends on the influence of the specific bacillus.
1949 H. W. C. Vines Green's Man. Pathol. (ed. 17) x. 240 Prominent in the new tissue are numerous large, granular, vacuolated, cell-like masses known as lepra-cells.
2003 J. S. Nelson et al. Princ. & Pract. Neuropathol. (ed. 2) 54/2 The lepromatous form is associated with low host resistance and is characterized by myriads of organisms in plump histiocytes (lepra cells).
lepra reaction n. acute exacerbation of leprosy, occurring during certain treatments for the condition, and typically characterized by fever, redness and swelling of skin lesions, and often acute neuritis, occurring esp. during leprosy treatment; an instance of this.
ΚΠ
1923 Philippine Jrnl. Sci. 23 521 Workers in India believe that, to get the best results, the administration of antileprosy drugs should be pushed until some degree of lepra reaction, that is, apparent activation of one or more of the lesions, with or without fever, is produced.
1960 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 27 Aug. 656/2 Cortisone and related steroids have been found valuable in controlling lepra reactions provoked by dapsone.
2010 M. Longmore et al. Oxf. Handbk. Clin. Med. (ed. 8) 428 Beware sudden permanent paralysis from nerve inflammation caused by dying bacilli..; this ‘lepra reaction’ may be mollified by thalidomide.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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