lepran.

Brit.

/ˈlɛprə/, U.S.

/ˈlɛprə/

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin lepra.

Etymology: < classical Latin lepra psoriasis or other skin disease < ancient Greek λέπρα psoriasis, in Hellenistic Greek also denoting other skin diseases (Septuagint, New Testament), use as noun of feminine of λεπρός (adjective) scaly < either λεπίς scale (see lepido- comb. form) or Hellenistic Greek λέπος husk, scale (see lepolite n.) + -ρος , suffix forming adjectives. Compare leper n.¹Compare the following earlier occurrence of the Latin or Greek word (identified as a southern word) in an English context (with Old English sēo hwīte hrīefþo , lit. ‘the white scurfiness’, compare riff n.²):eOE Bald's Leechbk. (Royal) (1865) ii. xxx. 228 Sio hwite riefþo þe mon on suþerne lepra hæt.

1. Medicine. = leprosy n. 1. Cf. leper n.¹ 1.In 19th-cent. dermatological works, often used synonymously with psoriasis n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of visible parts > skin disorders > [noun] > leprosy

spittle-evil?c1225

leperc1275

meselrya1387

lepraa1398

mesela1400

leprosy?a1450

leprosityc1451

lepryc1475

leperhood1491

leperhead1493

leprousnessa1500

lazaryc1503

meselnessc1520

tyre1547

lepernessa1557

satyriasis1587

lazarousness1648

leontiasis1753

cocobay1788

Hansen's disease1938

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of visible parts > skin disorders > [noun] > scurfy or scabby state or disease

scurfc1000

scabc1250

scallc1374

lepraa1398

morphoeaa1398

scalledness1398

morphewa1400

scabiesc1400

scale14..

scruff14..

shellsc1400

rove?c1450

scabnessc1450

scabbedness1483

scaldness1527

scurfinessa1529

scaledness1530

dandruff1545

skalfering1561

bran1574

room1578

reefa1585

scabbiness1584

scald1598

skilfers1599

scabiosity1608

scalliness1610

scaliness1611

furfur1621

morph1681

pityriasis1684

psoriasis1684

porrigo1706

scaly tetter1799

motley dandruff1822

scale-skin1822

parapsoriasis1903

dander-

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. vii. lxiv. 423 Lepra ‘meselrye’ is an vniuersal corrupcioun of membres... In foure maner wise lepra is diuers, as þe foure humours beþ passingeliche and diuersliche imedled.

a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 196 Of lepre... Lepra is a foul sijknes þat comeþ of malancolie corrupt.

1583 P. Barrough Methode of Phisicke v. ii. 202 Therefore the name of lepra signifieth with Auicene and with the vnlearned company, a most grieuous and deadly disease.

1634 T. Johnson tr. A. Paré Chirurg. Wks. xx. vi. 769 For the Lepra is a kinde of Scab and disease of the skinne, which is vulgarly called Malum sancti manis.

1671 W. Salmon Synopsis Medicinæ i. xlviii. 114 Lepra the Leprosie is that which affecteth the whole Body or a part thereof with Scurff like Scales.

1717 D. Turner Syphilis ii. 97 Which this Author commends as well for the Arthritis and Lepra, as for the French Pox.

1811 A. T. Thomson London Dispensatory ii. 150 Scrofulous swellings, lepra and some other cutaneous diseases.

1840 London Med. Gaz. 7 Dec. 383/2 It applies to the mildest form of siphilitic lepra, of which the deficiency of scales..is a remarkable characteristic.

1864 W. T. Fox Skin Dis. 43 Lepra and psoriasis are identical, though the two names are retained.

1876 J. Van Duyn & E. C. Seguin tr. E. L. Wagner Man. Gen. Pathol. 439 The common form of Lepra is characterized by a nodular formation.

1881 Med. Temperance Jrnl. 46 76 Attended with lepra or psoriasis.

1914 H. W. Stelwagon Treat. Dis. Skin (ed. 7) 914 Lepra is an endemic, chronic, malignant, constitutional disease, due to a specific bacillus.

1986 Jrnl. Amer. Acad. Dermatol. 14 865/1 Authorities vacillated in their opinions as to whether, indeed, psoriasis was lepra or something else.

2011 Jrnl. Ethnopharmacol. 137 1486/1 The leaves are also used..against fever, lepra and tuberculosis.

†2. Botany. A layer of green algae or lichens, or a white mealy substance, on the surface of a plant or plant part. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

1805 in tr. K. L. Willdenow Princ. Bot. & Veg. Physiol. 344 Lepra is frequently met with on the trunks, especially of young trees.

1848 J. Lindley Gloss. Techn. Terms Bot. p. liv Lepra,..—A white mealy matter which exudes or protrudes from the surface of some plants.

Compounds

C1. General attributive (in sense 1).

ΚΠ

1862 Chem. News 30 Aug. 115/1 (heading) On the presence of lactic acid in lepra scales.

1890 G. Watt Dict. Econ. Products India III. 169 I experimented for two years with gurjun oil as a cure for leprosy in the lepra ward at Burdwan.

1898 P. Manson Trop. Dis. xxvi. 412 A Sandwich Islander..was inoculated from a lepra tubercle.

1916 J. McFarland Text-bk. Pathogenic Bacteria & Protozoa (ed. 8) 702 Fragments of tissue freshly excised from a lepra nodule were introduced beneath his skin.

1973 Rotarian Oct. 21/1 Now she has charge of the lepra colony and the mental wards.

C2.

lepra bacillus n. [after German Lepra-bacillus (1880 or earlier) (now Lepra-bazillus)] = leprosy bacillus n. at leprosy n. Compounds 2.

ΚΠ

1881 Lancet 30 July 185/2 The lepra bacilli are best rendered visible by staining with fuchsin.

1921 Manson's Trop. Dis. (ed. 7) xxxvi. 508 Many apparently unsuccessful attempts have been made to cultivate the lepra bacillus.

1994 Clin. Infectious Dis. 18 614 table One man had neural leprosy and developed nodular leprosy, with lepra bacilli visible in damaged tissue, in the blue part of his tattoo.

lepra cell n. [after German Leprazelle (1872 or earlier)] a large histiocyte with foamy cytoplasm containing leprosy bacilli.

ΚΠ

1881 Lancet 30 July 186/1 This fact seems to indicate that the specific form of the lepra cell depends on the influence of the specific bacillus.

1949 H. W. C. Vines Green's Man. Pathol. (ed. 17) x. 240 Prominent in the new tissue are numerous large, granular, vacuolated, cell-like masses known as lepra-cells.

2003 J. S. Nelson et al. Princ. & Pract. Neuropathol. (ed. 2) 54/2 The lepromatous form is associated with low host resistance and is characterized by myriads of organisms in plump histiocytes (lepra cells).

lepra reaction n. acute exacerbation of leprosy, occurring during certain treatments for the condition, and typically characterized by fever, redness and swelling of skin lesions, and often acute neuritis, occurring esp. during leprosy treatment; an instance of this.

ΚΠ

1923 Philippine Jrnl. Sci. 23 521 Workers in India believe that, to get the best results, the administration of antileprosy drugs should be pushed until some degree of lepra reaction, that is, apparent activation of one or more of the lesions, with or without fever, is produced.

1960 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 27 Aug. 656/2 Cortisone and related steroids have been found valuable in controlling lepra reactions provoked by dapsone.

2010 M. Longmore et al. Oxf. Handbk. Clin. Med. (ed. 8) 428 Beware sudden permanent paralysis from nerve inflammation caused by dying bacilli..; this ‘lepra reaction’ may be mollified by thalidomide.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	lepra
释义	lepran. Brit. /ˈlɛprə/, U.S. /ˈlɛprə/ Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin lepra. Etymology: < classical Latin lepra psoriasis or other skin disease < ancient Greek λέπρα psoriasis, in Hellenistic Greek also denoting other skin diseases (Septuagint, New Testament), use as noun of feminine of λεπρός (adjective) scaly < either λεπίς scale (see lepido- comb. form) or Hellenistic Greek λέπος husk, scale (see lepolite n.) + -ρος , suffix forming adjectives. Compare leper n.¹Compare the following earlier occurrence of the Latin or Greek word (identified as a southern word) in an English context (with Old English sēo hwīte hrīefþo , lit. ‘the white scurfiness’, compare riff n.²):eOE Bald's Leechbk. (Royal) (1865) ii. xxx. 228 Sio hwite riefþo þe mon on suþerne lepra hæt. 1. Medicine. = leprosy n. 1. Cf. leper n.¹ 1.In 19th-cent. dermatological works, often used synonymously with psoriasis n. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of visible parts > skin disorders > [noun] > leprosy spittle-evil?c1225 leperc1275 meselrya1387 lepraa1398 mesela1400 leprosy?a1450 leprosityc1451 lepryc1475 leperhood1491 leperhead1493 leprousnessa1500 lazaryc1503 meselnessc1520 tyre1547 lepernessa1557 satyriasis1587 lazarousness1648 leontiasis1753 cocobay1788 Hansen's disease1938 the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of visible parts > skin disorders > [noun] > scurfy or scabby state or disease scurfc1000 scabc1250 scallc1374 lepraa1398 morphoeaa1398 scalledness1398 morphewa1400 scabiesc1400 scale14.. scruff14.. shellsc1400 rove?c1450 scabnessc1450 scabbedness1483 scaldness1527 scurfinessa1529 scaledness1530 dandruff1545 skalfering1561 bran1574 room1578 reefa1585 scabbiness1584 scald1598 skilfers1599 scabiosity1608 scalliness1610 scaliness1611 furfur1621 morph1681 pityriasis1684 psoriasis1684 porrigo1706 scaly tetter1799 motley dandruff1822 scale-skin1822 parapsoriasis1903 dander- a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. vii. lxiv. 423 Lepra ‘meselrye’ is an vniuersal corrupcioun of membres... In foure maner wise lepra is diuers, as þe foure humours beþ passingeliche and diuersliche imedled. a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 196 Of lepre... Lepra is a foul sijknes þat comeþ of malancolie corrupt. 1583 P. Barrough Methode of Phisicke v. ii. 202 Therefore the name of lepra signifieth with Auicene and with the vnlearned company, a most grieuous and deadly disease. 1634 T. Johnson tr. A. Paré Chirurg. Wks. xx. vi. 769 For the Lepra is a kinde of Scab and disease of the skinne, which is vulgarly called Malum sancti manis. 1671 W. Salmon Synopsis Medicinæ i. xlviii. 114 Lepra the Leprosie is that which affecteth the whole Body or a part thereof with Scurff like Scales. 1717 D. Turner Syphilis ii. 97 Which this Author commends as well for the Arthritis and Lepra, as for the French Pox. 1811 A. T. Thomson London Dispensatory ii. 150 Scrofulous swellings, lepra and some other cutaneous diseases. 1840 London Med. Gaz. 7 Dec. 383/2 It applies to the mildest form of siphilitic lepra, of which the deficiency of scales..is a remarkable characteristic. 1864 W. T. Fox Skin Dis. 43 Lepra and psoriasis are identical, though the two names are retained. 1876 J. Van Duyn & E. C. Seguin tr. E. L. Wagner Man. Gen. Pathol. 439 The common form of Lepra is characterized by a nodular formation. 1881 Med. Temperance Jrnl. 46 76 Attended with lepra or psoriasis. 1914 H. W. Stelwagon Treat. Dis. Skin (ed. 7) 914 Lepra is an endemic, chronic, malignant, constitutional disease, due to a specific bacillus. 1986 Jrnl. Amer. Acad. Dermatol. 14 865/1 Authorities vacillated in their opinions as to whether, indeed, psoriasis was lepra or something else. 2011 Jrnl. Ethnopharmacol. 137 1486/1 The leaves are also used..against fever, lepra and tuberculosis. †2. Botany. A layer of green algae or lichens, or a white mealy substance, on the surface of a plant or plant part. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1805 in tr. K. L. Willdenow Princ. Bot. & Veg. Physiol. 344 Lepra is frequently met with on the trunks, especially of young trees. 1848 J. Lindley Gloss. Techn. Terms Bot. p. liv Lepra,..—A white mealy matter which exudes or protrudes from the surface of some plants. Compounds C1. General attributive (in sense 1). ΚΠ 1862 Chem. News 30 Aug. 115/1 (heading) On the presence of lactic acid in lepra scales. 1890 G. Watt Dict. Econ. Products India III. 169 I experimented for two years with gurjun oil as a cure for leprosy in the lepra ward at Burdwan. 1898 P. Manson Trop. Dis. xxvi. 412 A Sandwich Islander..was inoculated from a lepra tubercle. 1916 J. McFarland Text-bk. Pathogenic Bacteria & Protozoa (ed. 8) 702 Fragments of tissue freshly excised from a lepra nodule were introduced beneath his skin. 1973 Rotarian Oct. 21/1 Now she has charge of the lepra colony and the mental wards. C2. lepra bacillus n. [after German Lepra-bacillus (1880 or earlier) (now Lepra-bazillus)] = leprosy bacillus n. at leprosy n. Compounds 2. ΚΠ 1881 Lancet 30 July 185/2 The lepra bacilli are best rendered visible by staining with fuchsin. 1921 Manson's Trop. Dis. (ed. 7) xxxvi. 508 Many apparently unsuccessful attempts have been made to cultivate the lepra bacillus. 1994 Clin. Infectious Dis. 18 614 table One man had neural leprosy and developed nodular leprosy, with lepra bacilli visible in damaged tissue, in the blue part of his tattoo. lepra cell n. [after German Leprazelle (1872 or earlier)] a large histiocyte with foamy cytoplasm containing leprosy bacilli. ΚΠ 1881 Lancet 30 July 186/1 This fact seems to indicate that the specific form of the lepra cell depends on the influence of the specific bacillus. 1949 H. W. C. Vines Green's Man. Pathol. (ed. 17) x. 240 Prominent in the new tissue are numerous large, granular, vacuolated, cell-like masses known as lepra-cells. 2003 J. S. Nelson et al. Princ. & Pract. Neuropathol. (ed. 2) 54/2 The lepromatous form is associated with low host resistance and is characterized by myriads of organisms in plump histiocytes (lepra cells). lepra reaction n. acute exacerbation of leprosy, occurring during certain treatments for the condition, and typically characterized by fever, redness and swelling of skin lesions, and often acute neuritis, occurring esp. during leprosy treatment; an instance of this. ΚΠ 1923 Philippine Jrnl. Sci. 23 521 Workers in India believe that, to get the best results, the administration of antileprosy drugs should be pushed until some degree of lepra reaction, that is, apparent activation of one or more of the lesions, with or without fever, is produced. 1960 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 27 Aug. 656/2 Cortisone and related steroids have been found valuable in controlling lepra reactions provoked by dapsone. 2010 M. Longmore et al. Oxf. Handbk. Clin. Med. (ed. 8) 428 Beware sudden permanent paralysis from nerve inflammation caused by dying bacilli..; this ‘lepra reaction’ may be mollified by thalidomide. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.a1398
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