loathev.

Brit.

/ləʊð/, U.S.

/loʊð/

Forms: α. Old English láðian, Middle English laðen, lathen, Middle English laðien, Middle English–1500s Scottish and northern lath(e, Middle English laith(e. β. Middle English loðien, Middle English loþe(n, Middle English–1600s lothe, (Middle English lothee), 1500s–1600s loth, Middle English–1500s loothe, 1500s–1700s loath, 1500s– loathe.

Etymology: Old English láðian = Old Saxon lêthon , Old Norse leiða < Old Germanic type *laiþôjan , < *laiþo- loath adj. (Old English had lǽðan to hate, cause to shun, revile = Old High German leidan < Old Germanic type *laiþjan, < *laiþo-.)

†1.

a. intransitive. To be hateful, displeasing, or offensive. Const. dative or to. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > displeasure > be or become displeased [verb (intransitive)] > displease

loathec893

overthinkc1175

displeasec1400

to stick in the throat (also craw, gizzard, stomach, etc.)c1536

unsavoura1547

distastea1618

disrelish1631

to give (also cause, etc.) offence to1712

spoil sport1869

to get in bad1902

the mind > emotion > hatred > loathing or detestation > loathe or abhor [verb (intransitive)] > be loathsome or abhorrent

loathec893

stink?c1225

c893 tr. Orosius Hist. iii. xi. §5 Þa Cassander þæt geascade þæt hio ðæm folce laðade, þa gegaderade he fird.

c1175 Lamb. Hom. 101 Þe oferlifa on hete and on wete macað þene mon un-halne, and his saule gode laðeð.

c1230 Hali Meid. 9 Þat te schal laði þi lif.

1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 750 Þo þis kyng leir eldore was, he bigan to loþe, Vor he so longe liuede, is leue doȝtren boþe.

1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis III. 217 The barli cake is Gedeon, Which.. Schal come and sette such ascry..That it schal to us alle lothe.

1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. i. 173 Þat ous loþeth þe lyf er he lete ows passe.

c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 12122 For hit [deth] laithit hir les þen on lyue be.

a1547 Earl of Surrey tr. Virgil Fourth Bk. Aeneas (1554) iv. sig. Aiv If geniall brands, and bedde me lothed not.

1573 C. Hatton Let. to Q. Elizabeth in Pearson's 81st Catal. (1900) 36 So great Discorde in the sweetness of your most rare & excellent Musike as would lothe you.

a1596 G. Peele Loue King Dauid & Fair Bethsabe (1599) sig. Eiv^v Let not the voice of Ithay loth thine eares.

†b. impersonal; also quasi-impersonal with subj. infinitive simply or with it. (it) loathes me (of) = I am disgusted (with). Obsolete.

ΚΠ

c1230 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Corpus Cambr.) (1962) 167 Smit him se luðerliche þet him laði..to snecchen eft toward te.

1303 R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne 686 To þenke on hem, forsoþe me loþys.

1413 Pilgr. Sowle (1483) iii. ix. 56 Now mowe this folke swolewe ynowe of the fyre of helle and lycken til them lothe.

c1430 Hymns Virg. 85 Thus is þe day come to nyȝt þat me loþith of my lyuynge.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 614/2 I lothe his villanye, or it lotheth me of his villanye.

1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe Against Jerome Osorius 131 b It would have loathed me to have rehearsed the same in this place.

1596 T. Danett tr. P. de Commynes Hist. iii. ix. 106 It lotheth me to make mention of this cruelty.

†2. To be or become disgusted, to feel disgust. Const. at, for, of, with (something). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > hatred > loathing or detestation > loathe or abhor [verb (intransitive)]

wlatec1000

reckc1300

loathec1430

to shrink up (occasionally in) one's shoulders1605

nauseate1657

c1430 Syr. Gener. (Roxb.) 7718 Of hir life she gan to loothe.

a1500 ( J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. (Rawl.) (1898) 136 Al the roialme thanne rumourt and lothit for that rousty Synne.

c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy (2002) f. 124^v If men laith with þi lyf lyffyng in erthe.

a1600 A. Montgomerie Misc. Poems xiii. 4 My maistres hes a man of me, That lothis of euery thing bot love.

1609 Bible (Douay) I. Num. xxi. 6 Our soule now lotheth at this most light meate.

†3. transitive. To excite loathing or disgust in (a person, etc.). Const. of. Also, to render (a person) loath or reluctant to (do something) or averse from (something). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > hatred > object of detestation (person or thing) > affect with loathing or disgust [verb (transitive)]

uga1250

wlatec1400

irka1535

loathe1568

nauseate1626

stall1642

inodiate1657

stale1709

repel1748

repugn?a1760

sicken1825

the mind > emotion > hatred > loathing or detestation > loathe [verb (transitive)] > render (a person) reluctant (to do something)

loathe1568

the mind > will > wish or inclination > unwillingness > hesitate or scruple at [verb (transitive)] > render unwilling

loathe1568

indispose1692

1568 Abp. M. Parker in Bible (Bishops') Pref. sig. *1 To lothe christen men from reading, by their couert slaunderous reproches of the scriptures.

?1577 J. Northbrooke Spiritus est Vicarius Christi: Treat. Dicing 73 Suche matters..as will lothe any honest man or good woman to come neare suche Playes.

1599 H. Buttes Dyets Dry Dinner sig. D2 Medlers..if you deale much with them, they wil extremely irck, and loath you.

c1610–15 Of Holie Ethelburge in C. Horstmann Lives Women Saints (1886) 75 Such a filthie state, as might lothe the stomacke of the beholder.

1645 J. Brinsley Church-remedie 34 As if one should endeavour to loath a sick man of his potion before it come at him.

1661 H. Dawbeny Sober Disc. Liturgies i. 6 They are..good for nothing but to loath pious souls.

a. To feel aversion or dislike for; to be reluctant or unwilling to (do something). Now only with stronger sense: To have an intense aversion for; to regard with utter abhorrence and disgust.The stronger sense in modern use may be partly due to association with the idea of nauseation often implied in the specific use 4b.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > hatred > loathing or detestation > loathe [verb (transitive)]

shun1023

loathea1200

uga1340

wlatea1340

horrec1430

irka1500

loathly?1507

to hate like poison1530

detesta1535

detestate1548

execrate1553

hugge1570

to hold in detestation1576

distaste1599

nauseate1627

detaste1637

fastidiatea1650

absonate1775

skeeve1991

the mind > will > wish or inclination > unwillingness > be unwilling [verb (intransitive)]

nillOE

loathea1200

to make it tough1297

forthinka1300

reckc1300

ruea1400

to make (it) strangec1405

to make strangenessc1407

stick1418

resistc1425

to make (it) strange?1456

steek1478

tarrowc1480

doubt1483

sunyie1488

to make (it) nice1530

stay1533

shentc1540

to make courtesy (at)1542

to make it scrupulous1548

to think (it) much1548

to make dainty of (anything)1555

to lie aback1560

stand1563

steek1573

to hang back1581

erch1584

to make doubt1586

to hang the groin1587

to make scruple (also a, no, etc., scruple)1589

yearn1597

to hang the winga1601

to make squeamish1611

smay1632

bogglea1638

to hang off1641

waver1643

reluct1648

shy1650

reluctate1655

stickle1656

scruple1660

to make boggle1667

revere1689

begrudge1690

to have scruples1719

stopc1738

bitch1777

reprobate1779

crane1823

disincline1885

a1200 Moral Ode 128 Wel late he latheð uuel werc, þe ne mei hit don ne mare.

1300 Poem 7 deadly Sins in T. Brampton Penit. Ps. (1842) 62 Good werk he lothith to bigynne.

1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. vii. 142 Alle ladies me loþen þat louen eny worschep.

a1400–50 Alexander 5115 Forþi like it to ȝour lordschip & lathis noȝt my sawis.

c1418 Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 246 Thes Lollardes that lothen ymages most.

?1507 W. Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen (Rouen) in Poems (1998) I. 49 Than I him lichtlyit as a lowne and lathit his maneris.

1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection ii. sig. MM Although it be that thynge that thou lothest most.

a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) iii. ix. sig. Nn4^v I shoulde loath the keeping of my blood, with the losse of my faith.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iv, in tr. Virgil Wks. 127 The Swarms..loath their empty Hives, and idly stray.

1785 W. Cowper Task ii. 416 In my soul I loath All affectation.

1833 H. Martineau Charmed Sea iii. 35 Mother, I loathe him.

a1862 H. T. Buckle Hist. Civilisation Eng. (1869) III. iii. 148 Whose malignant cruelty made him loathed by his contemporaries.

1888 J. Bryce Amer. Commonw. III. lxxxi. 73 To dictate their terms to statesmen who loathe the necessity of submission.

absolute.1842 Ld. Tennyson Two Voices in Poems (new ed.) II. 123 To breathe and loathe, to live and sigh.1884 R. Browning Family 72 Man who..craves and deprecates, and loves and loathes.

b. To feel an aversion or disgust for (food, etc.).

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > appetite > disgust or revulsion for food or drink > feel disgust or revulsion for food or drink [verb (transitive)]

loathec1400

distaste1586

disgust1659

c1400 Rom. Rose 5610 If in syknesse that he falle, And lothe mete & drink withalle.

1602 J. Marston Antonios Reuenge iii. ii. sig. F^v Ile force him feede on life Till he shall loath it.

1611 Bible (King James) Prov. xxvii. 7 The full soule loatheth an honie combe.

a1677 I. Barrow Wks. (1686) III. 411 A stomach, surcharg'd with foul, or poisonous matter, which it loaths.

1764 O. Goldsmith Traveller 10 He sees..No costly lord the sumptuous banquet deal To make him loath his vegetable meal.

1866 J. Thomson Philos. iv. v Your stomach soon must loathe all drink and meat.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1903; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	loathe
释义	loathev. Brit. /ləʊð/, U.S. /loʊð/ Forms: α. Old English láðian, Middle English laðen, lathen, Middle English laðien, Middle English–1500s Scottish and northern lath(e, Middle English laith(e. β. Middle English loðien, Middle English loþe(n, Middle English–1600s lothe, (Middle English lothee), 1500s–1600s loth, Middle English–1500s loothe, 1500s–1700s loath, 1500s– loathe. Etymology: Old English láðian = Old Saxon lêthon , Old Norse leiða < Old Germanic type laiþôjan , < laiþo- loath adj. (Old English had lǽðan to hate, cause to shun, revile = Old High German leidan < Old Germanic type laiþjan, < laiþo-.) †1. a. intransitive. To be hateful, displeasing, or offensive. Const. dative or to. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > displeasure > be or become displeased [verb (intransitive)] > displease loathec893 overthinkc1175 displeasec1400 to stick in the throat (also craw, gizzard, stomach, etc.)c1536 unsavoura1547 distastea1618 disrelish1631 to give (also cause, etc.) offence to1712 spoil sport1869 to get in bad1902 the mind > emotion > hatred > loathing or detestation > loathe or abhor [verb (intransitive)] > be loathsome or abhorrent loathec893 stink?c1225 c893 tr. Orosius Hist. iii. xi. §5 Þa Cassander þæt geascade þæt hio ðæm folce laðade, þa gegaderade he fird. c1175 Lamb. Hom. 101 Þe oferlifa on hete and on wete macað þene mon un-halne, and his saule gode laðeð. c1230 Hali Meid. 9 Þat te schal laði þi lif. 1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 750 Þo þis kyng leir eldore was, he bigan to loþe, Vor he so longe liuede, is leue doȝtren boþe. 1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis III. 217 The barli cake is Gedeon, Which.. Schal come and sette such ascry..That it schal to us alle lothe. 1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. i. 173 Þat ous loþeth þe lyf er he lete ows passe. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 12122 For hit [deth] laithit hir les þen on lyue be. a1547 Earl of Surrey tr. Virgil Fourth Bk. Aeneas (1554) iv. sig. Aiv If geniall brands, and bedde me lothed not. 1573 C. Hatton Let. to Q. Elizabeth in Pearson's 81st Catal. (1900) 36 So great Discorde in the sweetness of your most rare & excellent Musike as would lothe you. a1596 G. Peele Loue King Dauid & Fair Bethsabe (1599) sig. Eiv^v Let not the voice of Ithay loth thine eares. †b. impersonal; also quasi-impersonal with subj. infinitive simply or with it. (it) loathes me (of) = I am disgusted (with). Obsolete. ΚΠ c1230 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Corpus Cambr.) (1962) 167 Smit him se luðerliche þet him laði..to snecchen eft toward te. 1303 R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne 686 To þenke on hem, forsoþe me loþys. 1413 Pilgr. Sowle (1483) iii. ix. 56 Now mowe this folke swolewe ynowe of the fyre of helle and lycken til them lothe. c1430 Hymns Virg. 85 Thus is þe day come to nyȝt þat me loþith of my lyuynge. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 614/2 I lothe his villanye, or it lotheth me of his villanye. 1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe Against Jerome Osorius 131 b It would have loathed me to have rehearsed the same in this place. 1596 T. Danett tr. P. de Commynes Hist. iii. ix. 106 It lotheth me to make mention of this cruelty. †2. To be or become disgusted, to feel disgust. Const. at, for, of, with (something). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > hatred > loathing or detestation > loathe or abhor [verb (intransitive)] wlatec1000 reckc1300 loathec1430 to shrink up (occasionally in) one's shoulders1605 nauseate1657 c1430 Syr. Gener. (Roxb.) 7718 Of hir life she gan to loothe. a1500 ( J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. (Rawl.) (1898) 136 Al the roialme thanne rumourt and lothit for that rousty Synne. c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy (2002) f. 124^v If men laith with þi lyf lyffyng in erthe. a1600 A. Montgomerie Misc. Poems xiii. 4 My maistres hes a man of me, That lothis of euery thing bot love. 1609 Bible (Douay) I. Num. xxi. 6 Our soule now lotheth at this most light meate. †3. transitive. To excite loathing or disgust in (a person, etc.). Const. of. Also, to render (a person) loath or reluctant to (do something) or averse from (something). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > hatred > object of detestation (person or thing) > affect with loathing or disgust [verb (transitive)] uga1250 wlatec1400 irka1535 loathe1568 nauseate1626 stall1642 inodiate1657 stale1709 repel1748 repugn?a1760 sicken1825 the mind > emotion > hatred > loathing or detestation > loathe [verb (transitive)] > render (a person) reluctant (to do something) loathe1568 the mind > will > wish or inclination > unwillingness > hesitate or scruple at [verb (transitive)] > render unwilling loathe1568 indispose1692 1568 Abp. M. Parker in Bible (Bishops') Pref. sig. 1 To lothe christen men from reading, by their couert slaunderous reproches of the scriptures. ?1577 J. Northbrooke Spiritus est Vicarius Christi: Treat. Dicing* 73 Suche matters..as will lothe any honest man or good woman to come neare suche Playes. 1599 H. Buttes Dyets Dry Dinner sig. D2 Medlers..if you deale much with them, they wil extremely irck, and loath you. c1610–15 Of Holie Ethelburge in C. Horstmann Lives Women Saints (1886) 75 Such a filthie state, as might lothe the stomacke of the beholder. 1645 J. Brinsley Church-remedie 34 As if one should endeavour to loath a sick man of his potion before it come at him. 1661 H. Dawbeny Sober Disc. Liturgies i. 6 They are..good for nothing but to loath pious souls. 4. a. To feel aversion or dislike for; to be reluctant or unwilling to (do something). Now only with stronger sense: To have an intense aversion for; to regard with utter abhorrence and disgust.The stronger sense in modern use may be partly due to association with the idea of nauseation often implied in the specific use 4b. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > hatred > loathing or detestation > loathe [verb (transitive)] shun1023 loathea1200 uga1340 wlatea1340 horrec1430 irka1500 loathly?1507 to hate like poison1530 detesta1535 detestate1548 execrate1553 hugge1570 to hold in detestation1576 distaste1599 nauseate1627 detaste1637 fastidiatea1650 absonate1775 skeeve1991 the mind > will > wish or inclination > unwillingness > be unwilling [verb (intransitive)] nillOE loathea1200 to make it tough1297 forthinka1300 reckc1300 ruea1400 to make (it) strangec1405 to make strangenessc1407 stick1418 resistc1425 to make (it) strange?1456 steek1478 tarrowc1480 doubt1483 sunyie1488 to make (it) nice1530 stay1533 shentc1540 to make courtesy (at)1542 to make it scrupulous1548 to think (it) much1548 to make dainty of (anything)1555 to lie aback1560 stand1563 steek1573 to hang back1581 erch1584 to make doubt1586 to hang the groin1587 to make scruple (also a, no, etc., scruple)1589 yearn1597 to hang the winga1601 to make squeamish1611 smay1632 bogglea1638 to hang off1641 waver1643 reluct1648 shy1650 reluctate1655 stickle1656 scruple1660 to make boggle1667 revere1689 begrudge1690 to have scruples1719 stopc1738 bitch1777 reprobate1779 crane1823 disincline1885 a1200 Moral Ode 128 Wel late he latheð uuel werc, þe ne mei hit don ne mare. 1300 Poem 7 deadly Sins in T. Brampton Penit. Ps. (1842) 62 Good werk he lothith to bigynne. 1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. vii. 142 Alle ladies me loþen þat louen eny worschep. a1400–50 Alexander 5115 Forþi like it to ȝour lordschip & lathis noȝt my sawis. c1418 Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 246 Thes Lollardes that lothen ymages most. ?1507 W. Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen (Rouen) in Poems (1998) I. 49 Than I him lichtlyit as a lowne and lathit his maneris. 1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection ii. sig. MM Although it be that thynge that thou lothest most. a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) iii. ix. sig. Nn4^v I shoulde loath the keeping of my blood, with the losse of my faith. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iv, in tr. Virgil Wks. 127 The Swarms..loath their empty Hives, and idly stray. View more context for this quotation 1785 W. Cowper Task ii. 416 In my soul I loath All affectation. 1833 H. Martineau Charmed Sea iii. 35 Mother, I loathe him. a1862 H. T. Buckle Hist. Civilisation Eng. (1869) III. iii. 148 Whose malignant cruelty made him loathed by his contemporaries. 1888 J. Bryce Amer. Commonw. III. lxxxi. 73 To dictate their terms to statesmen who loathe the necessity of submission. absolute.1842 Ld. Tennyson Two Voices in Poems (new ed.) II. 123 To breathe and loathe, to live and sigh.1884 R. Browning Family 72 Man who..craves and deprecates, and loves and loathes. b. To feel an aversion or disgust for (food, etc.). ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > appetite > disgust or revulsion for food or drink > feel disgust or revulsion for food or drink [verb (transitive)] loathec1400 distaste1586 disgust1659 c1400 Rom. Rose 5610 If in syknesse that he falle, And lothe mete & drink withalle. 1602 J. Marston Antonios Reuenge iii. ii. sig. F^v Ile force him feede on life Till he shall loath it. 1611 Bible (King James) Prov. xxvii. 7 The full soule loatheth an honie combe. View more context for this quotation a1677 I. Barrow Wks. (1686) III. 411 A stomach, surcharg'd with foul, or poisonous matter, which it loaths. 1764 O. Goldsmith Traveller 10 He sees..No costly lord the sumptuous banquet deal To make him loath his vegetable meal. 1866 J. Thomson Philos. iv. v Your stomach soon must loathe all drink and meat. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1903; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < v.c893
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