radknightn.

Brit.

/ˈradnʌɪt/, U.S.

/ˈrædˌnaɪt/

Forms:

α. Old English racheneste, Old English radchenist, late Old English radcniht, late Old English radniht, 1600s radenknyt, 1600s– radknight, 1800s radcnecht, 1800s radechnight.

β. Middle English redonich, Middle English rodchint, Middle English rodchnitt, Middle English rodcingth, Middle English rodcinth, Middle English rodcnicht, Middle English rodcnycht, Middle English rodcnyth, Middle English rodcnytht, Middle English rodenight, Middle English rodknicht, Middle English rodknith, Middle English rodknycht, Middle English rodknyght (in a late copy), Middle English rodknyth, Middle English rodnint, Middle English rodonich, Middle English 1600s–1700s rodknight.

γ. Middle English redomit, Middle English redomith, Middle English rodomit.

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: English rād , knight n.

Etymology: < Old English rād riding (see road n.) + knight n. Compare riding-king n.The first element of the compound has retained an archaic spelling, with modern writers generally opting for the Old English spelling rad rather than the corresponding Middle English spelling rod , probably because the first element shows a sense of road n. which is long obsolete. (Had the word survived in current use, a form with a short vowel, Middle English *radcniht , might have been expected alongside the attested forms with long vowel and subsequent rounding, but the evidence suggests strongly that the modern form radknight simply reflects a revival from the Old English records.) The forms in quots. OE¹ and OE² show spelling of the English word according to continental spelling conventions; compare also the form radchenistre , perhaps showing an Anglo-Norman remodelling of the word after Anglo-Norman -istre -ister suffix, and also post-classical Latin radchenistri (plural), which apparently reflects the same remodelling of the ending:1086 Domesday Bk. (1783) I. f. 38 ^v/2 [Phillimore: Hants. 1. 28] iiii. Radchenistri cum ii. carrucis.1086 Domesday Bk. (1783) I. f. 163/1 [Phillimore: Gloucs. 1. 15] x radchenistres.1086 Domesday Bk. (1783) I. f. 163^v/2 [Phillimore: Gloucs. 1.47] Turneberie... xlii villani et xviii radchenistre cum xxi carucis & xxiii bordarii & xv serui.Compare also post-classical Latin raccheristus (c1120), ratenihctis (1138). Middle Eng. Dict. s.v. rod-knight suggests that the forms with initial red- may show variants of the Middle English synonym riding-king n.

Now historical.

Under the feudal system: a tenant holding land on condition of performing service on horseback.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > legal right > right of possession or ownership > tenure of property > one who has tenure > [noun] > by service or allegiance > by military service > by service on horseback

radknightOE

riding-kingc1400

radman1628

OE Domesday Bk. (1783) I. f. 39/1 [Phillimore: Hants. 1. 30] Unus Radchenist, cum dimidia carruca.

OE Domesday Bk. (1783) I. f. 59/1 [Phillimore: Berks. 7. 23] i racheneste cum sua carruca.

lOE Deed St. Peter's, Gloucs. in Trans. Bristol & Gloucs. Archaeol. Soc. (1918–19) 41 88 Sciatis..terram quam Rogerius de Gloecestria dedit ecclesie S. Petri de Gloc. pro anima fratris sui Herberti, scilicet duos Radnihtes et unam ecclesiam..meo concessu dedisse.

lOE Laws: Instituta Cnuti (Rochester) ii. lix. 73 In domo hominis quem Angli nominant radcniht, alii uero sexhændeman.

a1300–1400 Bracton De Leg. 1.231 Ut si quis debeat equitare cum domino suo de manerio in manerium, et tales dicuntur Rodknights [v.rr. Rodenightes, Rodknithes, Rodknychtes, Rodoniches, Rodcingthes, Rodchnitts, Rodchintes, Rodnintes, Rodcinthes].

1614 J. Selden Titles of Honor 334 Rodknights..were such as held their lands by the seruice to Ride vp and down with their Lords... They were called also Radknights.

1617 J. Minsheu Ἡγεμὼν είς τὰς γλῶσσας: Ductor in Linguas Rodknights, or Radknights, are certaine seruitours, which hold their lands by seruing their Lord on horsebacke.

1682 J. Warburton Treat. Hist. Guernsey (1822) 69 Bracton calls such tenants as held by the service of riding with the lords from one manor to another, Rod Knights.

1778 T. Pennant Tour in Wales I. 41 The..Rad-knights, who, by the tenure of their lands, were bound to ride with or for the lord, as often as his affairs required.

1848 H. Hallam Suppl. Notes View Europe Middle Ages viii. 209 Radechnights, and lesser thanes, seem to be included in this rank.

1861 C. H. Pearson Early & Middle Ages Eng. 201 Radknights, or freemen owing commutable service.

1872 E. W. Robertson Hist. Ess. 139 A similar character seems traceable in the Radman or Radcnecht of Southumbrian England.

1908 P. Vinogradoff Eng. Society Eleventh Cent. i. 70 These riding sergeants, frequently entered under the distinctive name of radknights, or radmen, in the western counties..may have also occurred in the east, where they were probably concealed under the more general designation of freemen or servientes.

1948 Eng. Hist. Rev. 63 532 If the muntator was primarily a mounted warrior, it is permissible to ask whether he was the successor of the Anglo-Saxon radknight.

2000 D. Roffe Domesday Inquest & Bk. ii. 40 Drengs are found in Kent and radknights in the West Midlands.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	radknight
释义	radknightn. Brit. /ˈradnʌɪt/, U.S. /ˈrædˌnaɪt/ Forms: α. Old English racheneste, Old English radchenist, late Old English radcniht, late Old English radniht, 1600s radenknyt, 1600s– radknight, 1800s radcnecht, 1800s radechnight. β. Middle English redonich, Middle English rodchint, Middle English rodchnitt, Middle English rodcingth, Middle English rodcinth, Middle English rodcnicht, Middle English rodcnycht, Middle English rodcnyth, Middle English rodcnytht, Middle English rodenight, Middle English rodknicht, Middle English rodknith, Middle English rodknycht, Middle English rodknyght (in a late copy), Middle English rodknyth, Middle English rodnint, Middle English rodonich, Middle English 1600s–1700s rodknight. γ. Middle English redomit, Middle English redomith, Middle English rodomit. Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: English rād , knight n. Etymology: < Old English rād riding (see road n.) + knight n. Compare riding-king n.The first element of the compound has retained an archaic spelling, with modern writers generally opting for the Old English spelling rad rather than the corresponding Middle English spelling rod , probably because the first element shows a sense of road n. which is long obsolete. (Had the word survived in current use, a form with a short vowel, Middle English radcniht , might have been expected alongside the attested forms with long vowel and subsequent rounding, but the evidence suggests strongly that the modern form radknight* simply reflects a revival from the Old English records.) The forms in quots. OE¹ and OE² show spelling of the English word according to continental spelling conventions; compare also the form radchenistre , perhaps showing an Anglo-Norman remodelling of the word after Anglo-Norman -istre -ister suffix, and also post-classical Latin radchenistri (plural), which apparently reflects the same remodelling of the ending:1086 Domesday Bk. (1783) I. f. 38 ^v/2 [Phillimore: Hants. 1. 28] iiii. Radchenistri cum ii. carrucis.1086 Domesday Bk. (1783) I. f. 163/1 [Phillimore: Gloucs. 1. 15] x radchenistres.1086 Domesday Bk. (1783) I. f. 163^v/2 [Phillimore: Gloucs. 1.47] Turneberie... xlii villani et xviii radchenistre cum xxi carucis & xxiii bordarii & xv serui.Compare also post-classical Latin raccheristus (c1120), ratenihctis (1138). Middle Eng. Dict. s.v. rod-knight suggests that the forms with initial red- may show variants of the Middle English synonym riding-king n. Now historical. Under the feudal system: a tenant holding land on condition of performing service on horseback. ΘΚΠ society > law > legal right > right of possession or ownership > tenure of property > one who has tenure > [noun] > by service or allegiance > by military service > by service on horseback radknightOE riding-kingc1400 radman1628 OE Domesday Bk. (1783) I. f. 39/1 [Phillimore: Hants. 1. 30] Unus Radchenist, cum dimidia carruca. OE Domesday Bk. (1783) I. f. 59/1 [Phillimore: Berks. 7. 23] i racheneste cum sua carruca. lOE Deed St. Peter's, Gloucs. in Trans. Bristol & Gloucs. Archaeol. Soc. (1918–19) 41 88 Sciatis..terram quam Rogerius de Gloecestria dedit ecclesie S. Petri de Gloc. pro anima fratris sui Herberti, scilicet duos Radnihtes et unam ecclesiam..meo concessu dedisse. lOE Laws: Instituta Cnuti (Rochester) ii. lix. 73 In domo hominis quem Angli nominant radcniht, alii uero sexhændeman. a1300–1400 Bracton De Leg. 1.231 Ut si quis debeat equitare cum domino suo de manerio in manerium, et tales dicuntur Rodknights [v.rr. Rodenightes, Rodknithes, Rodknychtes, Rodoniches, Rodcingthes, Rodchnitts, Rodchintes, Rodnintes, Rodcinthes]. 1614 J. Selden Titles of Honor 334 Rodknights..were such as held their lands by the seruice to Ride vp and down with their Lords... They were called also Radknights. 1617 J. Minsheu Ἡγεμὼν είς τὰς γλῶσσας: Ductor in Linguas Rodknights, or Radknights, are certaine seruitours, which hold their lands by seruing their Lord on horsebacke. 1682 J. Warburton Treat. Hist. Guernsey (1822) 69 Bracton calls such tenants as held by the service of riding with the lords from one manor to another, Rod Knights. 1778 T. Pennant Tour in Wales I. 41 The..Rad-knights, who, by the tenure of their lands, were bound to ride with or for the lord, as often as his affairs required. 1848 H. Hallam Suppl. Notes View Europe Middle Ages viii. 209 Radechnights, and lesser thanes, seem to be included in this rank. 1861 C. H. Pearson Early & Middle Ages Eng. 201 Radknights, or freemen owing commutable service. 1872 E. W. Robertson Hist. Ess. 139 A similar character seems traceable in the Radman or Radcnecht of Southumbrian England. 1908 P. Vinogradoff Eng. Society Eleventh Cent. i. 70 These riding sergeants, frequently entered under the distinctive name of radknights, or radmen, in the western counties..may have also occurred in the east, where they were probably concealed under the more general designation of freemen or servientes. 1948 Eng. Hist. Rev. 63 532 If the muntator was primarily a mounted warrior, it is permissible to ask whether he was the successor of the Anglo-Saxon radknight. 2000 D. Roffe Domesday Inquest & Bk. ii. 40 Drengs are found in Kent and radknights in the West Midlands. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.OE
随便看	low-purposed low-quality low-quartered low-range low-rank low-ranked low-ranking low-rate low-rated low-reading low-rent low-rental low-rented low-res low-residue low-resolution low-riding low-rimmed low-rise low-rising low-risk low-rolling low-roofed low-roosted low-sail