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单词 estimation
释义

estimationn.

Brit. /ˌɛstᵻˈmeɪʃn/, U.S. /ˌɛstəˈmeɪʃən/
Forms: Middle English–1500s estimacion, estymacion, estymacioun, estymacyon(e, Middle English extymacion, Middle English–1500s estymation, estymatioun, (1500s estymacon, esteemation, 1600s æstimation), 1500s– estimation.
Etymology: Middle English estimacion , -cioun , < Old French estimacion (modern French estimation , corresponding to Provençal estimatio , estimacion , Spanish estimacion , Italian stimazione ), < Latin aestimātiōn-em , < aestimāre : see esteem v., estimate v.
The action of estimating or esteeming.
1.
a. The action of appraising, assessing, or valuing; statement of price or value; valuation.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > evaluation, estimation, appraisal > [noun] > so as to fix value
taxationc1325
estimation1382
appraising1430
valuing1434
stentc1460
appreciationc1475
prizement1481
sessinga1500
value1523
valuation1529
esteemc1547
estimate1565
appraisement1583
apprizement1605
pricea1616
appraisal1698
apprizing1754
evaluation1755
1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Exod. xxii. 5 If eny man harme feeld..what euer best thing he hath in his feeld..he shal restore for estymacioun of the harm [L. pro damni æstimatione; a1425 the valu of harm].
1413 J. Lydgate Pilgr. of Sowle (1483) iv. ix. 62 The prys of myn Appel is of suche valewe that it passeth the estymacion of ony creature.
1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. xiii. 13 They had syluer for theyr horses..at theyre owne estymation, without any grudgyng.
1609 Bible (Douay) I. 1 Kings viii. 5 They immolated sheepe and oxen without estimation and number.
1667 Chamberlayne's Magnæ Britanniæ Notitia (1743) i. iii. ii. 158 Silver and gold have been chosen to be the Instruments of Exchange and Estimation of all Things.
1776 A. Smith Inq. Wealth of Nations I. i. xi. 225 In the houshold book of Henry..there are two different estimations of wheat. View more context for this quotation
1792 A. Young Trav. France 499 The Bureau de la Balance du Commerce at Paris..is beyond all comparison more accurate in its estimations [than the English Custom-house.]
b. Estimated value; concrete something which one values. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > monetary value > [noun] > estimated value
valuation1535
estimation1551
prisage1611
appraised value1667
appraisement1703
1551 R. Robinson tr. T. More Vtopia sig. Rv They be wrought so fynely and connyngly..that the estimacion of no costelye stuffe is able to counteruaile the price of the worke.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) i. iv. 89 Your Ring may be stolne too, so your brace of vnprizeable Estimations, the one is but fraile, and the other Casuall. View more context for this quotation
1631 T. May tr. J. Barclay Mirrour of Mindes i. 245 The earth in the bowels of it hath many metalls, both of different natures and estimations.
1775 S. Johnson Taxation no Tyranny 41 For some thing, in their opinion, of more estimation.
2.
a. Appreciation, valuation in respect of excellence or merit; esteem considered as a sentiment. Phrase, to have (also hold) in estimation.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > [verb (transitive)]
haveeOE
weenc1000
praisec1250
setc1374
set by1393
endaunt1399
prizec1400
reverencec1400
tender1439
repute1445
to have (also make, take) regard to or that1457
to take, make, set (no) count of (upon, by)c1475
pricec1480
to make (great, etc.) account (also count, esteem, estimation, reckoning, regard, store) of1483
force1509
to look upon ——c1515
to have (also hold) in estimationc1522
to make reckoning of1525
esteem1530
regard1533
to tell, make, hold, set (great, little, no) store of1540
value1549
to make dainty of (anything)1555
reckon1576
to be struck on1602
agrade1611
respect1613
beteem1627
appreciate1648
to put, set (an) esteem, a high, low esteem upon1665
to think small beer of1816
to think the world of1826
existimate1847
reckon1919
rate1973
the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > evaluation, estimation, appraisal > [noun]
weenc888
rightnessOE
steemc1330
sight1362
witc1374
emprisea1393
reputation?c1400
apprizingc1449
nick?a1450
vail1471
countc1475
opinionc1480
estimationc1522
meting1548
reckoning1548
valuation1548
computation1558
account1583
cess1588
esteem1598
appreciation1605
resentiment1606
repute1610
ratea1616
assessmenta1626
estimate1637
vote1639
supputation1643
compute1646
value1651
resentment1655
contemplation1673
critique1798
appraisement1808
appraisal1817
viewa1854
sizing up1967
chit1989
c1522 T. More Treat. Memorare Nouissima in Wks. (1557) I. 82 As rising of an hie estimacion of our self.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 34 If he desyre that his writynges shulde be had in any estymacion.
1576 A. Fleming tr. Hippocrates in Panoplie Epist. 268 So farre from having monie in estimation..I have cast it away from me.
a1680 S. Butler Genuine Remains (1759) II. 17 He holds it a kind of Self-Preservation to maintain a good Estimation of himself.
1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 456. ⁋5 Mens Estimation follows us according to the Company we keep.
1787 Canning in Microcosm No. 18 Wishing to know in what estimation he was held by man~kind.
1796 C. Marshall Introd. Knowl. & Pract. Gardening i. 1 It is..the design of the present section, to shew the degree of estimation that the art of Gardening is worthy of.
1847 C. Dickens Dombey & Son (1848) xxvii. 273 Mr. Dombey is so generous in his estimation of any trivial accomplishment.
1882 C. Pebody Eng. Journalism xxi. 156 The Provincial Press of Great Britain never stood higher in public estimation than it stands to-day.
b. The condition of being esteemed; ‘account’ or worth in the opinion of others; esteem considered passively; repute. Of places: Importance, consequence. Phrases, to be in estimation, to grow out of estimation. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > reputation > [noun]
nameeOE
talec1175
fame?c1225
lose1297
creancec1330
stevenc1374
opinionc1384
credencec1390
recorda1393
renowna1400
reputationc1400
reportc1425
regardc1440
esteema1450
noisea1470
reapport1514
estimation1530
savour1535
existimationa1538
countenancea1568
credit1576
standing1579
stair1590
perfumec1595
estimate1597
pass1601
reportage1612
vibration1666
suffrage1667
rep1677
face1834
odour1835
rap1966
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 300 Any auctour of estymation.
1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour i. xiii. sig. Gv The frute..leseth his verdure and taste, and finally his estimation.
1569 J. Rogers Glasse Godly Love 185 How in estimacion a chaste life is.
1571 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin Psalmes of Dauid with Comm. (lxxi. 6) Gods miracles growe out of estimacion with us by custome.
1576 W. Lambarde Perambulation of Kent 141 The name of this place [sc. Hyde]..led me..to thinke that it had beene of more estimation in tyme past.
1593 T. Nashe Strange Newes 14 His brother..indeuord to take from mee all estimation of Arte or witte.
1612 J. Brinsley Ludus Lit. xxiv. 268 To auoyde carefully..whatsoeuer may diminish his estimation and authority.
1767 B. Franklin in Pennsylvania Chron. 25 May–1 June 73/3 Gold and Silver have..universal Estimation.
1792 E. Burke Let. to H. Langrishe in Wks. (1842) I. 544 A miserable populace, without property, without estimation, without education.
1824 W. S. Landor Imaginary Conversat. I. xiii. 179 The family of every criminal is a loser in estimation..by his punishment, however just.
1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth ii, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. III. 27 The sole virtue of our commonweal, its strength, and its estimation, lay among the burgher craft of the better class.
3.
a. The process of forming an approximate notion of (numbers, quantities, magnitudes, etc.) without actual enumeration or measurement.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > evaluation, estimation, appraisal > [noun] > of quantity or amount
estimationc1400
c1400 Mandeville Voiage & Travaile (1839) v. 41 That Tour..was of 25 myle in cyrcuyt of the Walles..as Men may demen by estymatioun.
1426–7 W. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 8 To þe noumbre of iiijxx and more by estimacion.
1473 J. Warkworth Chron. 5 A blasynge sterre..iiij. fote highe by estimacyone.
1558 Dunkyn's Mortgage to Vicary in Vicary's Anat. (1888) App. v. 182 Three..parcells of pasture grounde..conteyning by estimacion eightene acres.
1669 S. Sturmy Mariners Mag. i. 160 If a ship sail 8 Miles South in an Hour, by Log or Estimation.
1772 C. Hutton Princ. Bridges 86 The proper estimation of the expence.
1786 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 76 9 The distance of the nearest threads became a very visible space, answerable to one minute each, and therefore capable of a much further subdivision by estimation.
1838 A. De Morgan Ess. Probabilities 128 That which we call estimation means guess formed by a person whose previous habits and experience are such as to make it very likely that he can tell nearly true that which would require instruments to obtain with great approach to accuracy.
b. Estimated number. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > [noun] > particular qualities > estimated or approximate
estimation1508
slump number1721
approximate1784
precision1842
rounding1842
1508 Bk. Keruynge (de Worde) sig. A.viv There shall be set brede trenchours and spones after the estymacyon of them that shall syt there.
4.
a. Manner of estimating or judging; opinion, judgement.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > belief > expressed belief, opinion > [noun]
weenc888
doomc900
advicec1300
wonec1300
opiniona1325
sentence1340
sight1362
estimationc1374
witc1374
assent1377
judgementa1393
supposinga1393
mindc1400
reputationc1400
feelingc1425
suffrage1531
counta1535
existimation1535
consent1599
vote1606
deem1609
repute1610
judicaturea1631
estimate1637
measure1650
sentiment1675
account1703
sensation1795
think1835
c1374 G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. iv. iv. 125 Þou hast quod she þe ryȝt estimacioun of þis.
c1400 Test. Love i, in Chalmers Eng. Poets 474/1 Thestimacion of the enuious people, ne loketh nothing to desertes of men..but onely to the auenture of fortune.
1447 O. Bokenham Lyvys Seyntys (1835) Introd. 6 Be the blyssyd medyacyoun Of this virgyne aftyr my estimacyoun.
1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. xxv Reuchline in the defence of his estimation, aunswereth him [sc. Phefercorn] with another.
a1677 I. Barrow Serm. Several Occasions (1678) 181 He that walketh uprightly..is sure not to come off disgracefully..in the estimations of men.
1790 E. Burke Refl. Revol. in France 39 The crown..in the..estimation of law..had ever been, perfectly irresponsible. View more context for this quotation
1841 E. W. Lane tr. Thousand & One Nights I. 88 The dearest of men in my estimation.
1864 I. Taylor Words & Places 469 In popular estimation, idle and vagabond habits were acquired by those who made the pilgrimage to the..Holy Land.
b. Conjecture, guessing. Obsolete. rare. Cf. 3.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > belief > conjecture, guessing > [noun]
ettlingc1225
guessc1330
guessing1340
conjecting1382
cast1519
surmising1526
conjecturation1533
conjecture1535
foreguessing1548
speculation1575
estimation1598
conjecturing1643
guesswork1725
guesstimation1937
1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 i. iii. 266 I speake not this in estimation, As what I thinke might be, but what I know Is ruminated, plotted, and set downe. View more context for this quotation
5. ‘Judgement’ as a mental faculty. Obsolete. Cf. estimative adj.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > [noun] > faculty or instrument of
meta1200
judgementa1250
assayc1394
estimation1398
estimative faculty1398
criterion1647
1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (1495) iii. xi. 55 Proprely to speke a hound vsyth no reason but he vsyth a besye and stronge estymacyon.
1509 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure xxiv. ii These are the v. wyttes..Fyrst, commyn wytte..Fantasy, and estymacyon truely.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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