battlegroundn.

Brit.

/ˈbatlɡraʊnd/, U.S.

/ˈbædlˌɡraʊnd/

Forms: see battle n. and ground n.

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: battle n., ground n.

Etymology: < battle n. + ground n.

1. A piece of land on which a battle is or was fought; a battlefield.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > armed encounter > battlefield > [noun]

fieldeOE

place?c1225

fletc1275

champ of battlec1300

champany?a1400

o laundon?a1400

palaestrac1425

battle-stead1487

fighting-stead1487

open fielda1500

spear-field1508

joining-place1513

camp1525

foughten field1569

battleground1588

Aceldama1607

champian?1611

field of honour1611

champaign1614

standing ground1662

fighting-field1676

battlefield1715

1588 E. Aggas tr. F. de La Noue Politicke & Mil. Disc. xxvi. 360 They made at the head of theyr battayle grounde vppon the comming in, fiue or sixe great heapes of fagots with strawe inough vnder them, to kindle if they were assaulted.

1776 W. J. Mickle tr. L. de Camoens Lusiad iii. 105 With spoils enrich'd, with glorious trophies crown'd The heaven-made Sovereign on the battle ground Three days encampt, to rest his weary train, Whose dauntless valour drove the Moors from Spain.

1811 W. Scott Don Roderick Concl. xiii. 65 For never, upon gory battle-ground, With conquest's well-bought wreath were braver victors crown'd!

1836 Daily National Intelligencer (Washington) 10 Mar. On our arriving at the battle-ground, we found the bodies of the dead lying generally as they were shot.

1910 Times 15 Sept. 4/3 It is difficult to believe that the present battleground, admirable though it be for the purpose of tactical exercise, is the place where a collision would have supervened in the ordinary course of events.

1990 M. Brave Bird & R. Erdoes Lakota Woman (1991) i. 11 You can't walk a mile without coming..to an ancient Sun Dance circle, an old battleground, a place where something worth remembering happened.

2003 Vanity Fair Oct. 320/2 Battlegrounds in Liberia tend to have enormous piles of gleaming AK shells and a lot of dead civilians.

a. figurative. A site of, or forum for, strife or conflict; an issue about which there is intense debate.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > dissent > contention or strife > [noun] > place where contest is fought out > ground on which contest may be fought

battleground1809

standing ground1866

society > society and the community > dissent > contention or strife > [noun] > an act or instance of

flitec1000

strifea1225

wara1300

pulla1400

lakec1420

contenta1450

stour?c1450

contentiona1500

pingle1543

agony1555

feudc1565

combat1567

skirmish1576

grapple1604

counter-scuffle1628

scuffle1641

agon1649

tug1660

tug of war1677

risse1684

struggle1692

palaver1707

hash1789

warsle1792

scrabble1794

set-to1794

go1823

bucklea1849

wrestle1850

tussle1857

head-to-head1884

scrum1905

battleground1931

shoot-out1953

mud-wrestle1986

the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of ideation > topic, subject-matter > materials of topic > [noun] > of debate or discussion

proposec1350

purposec1350

propositiona1382

problema1387

conclusionc1400

state of the causea1525

question1549

argumenta1568

thesis1579

disquisition1605

problem1645

consultation1663

consult1683

propos1816

issue1836

chat1861

debating point1927

battleground1931

1809 J. Gray Present Duty 77 Those human compends of theology..have been wedges of division, the arena and battle-ground of controversy.

1865 J. S. Mill Exam. Hamilton's Philos. 154 The question of an external world is the great battle-ground of metaphysics.

1924 Amer. Mercury Dec. 481/1 The United States is today the battleground of a gigantic educational struggle, with opposing ideals and the grapple.

1931 E. Waugh Remote People 209 The rite of female circumcision..is one of the battlegrounds between missionaries and anthropologists.

1951 Economica 18 415 This journal..must not become a battleground for positivists and Neo-Kantians.

1990 Chronicles July 52/1 The literary scene..is presently a battleground.

2011 N.Y. Times Mag. 19 June 34/1 Sexual orientation was one of the most intense battlegrounds in the Bush-era culture wars.

b. Politics. A region (such as a district or state) perceived as playing a decisive role in an election, typically one where two parties or candidates have similar levels of support.

ΚΠ

1835 Niles' Reg. 5 Sept. 4/2 It is believed that every one of the members from Tennessee are for Judge White, for the presidency. But as this state is a sort of battle ground, we copy the following [etc.].

1856 Congress. Globe 6 May 1126/2 I, knowing that Jefferson county was to be the battle-ground, returned there; and, blessed with a good constitution, I canvassed that county day and night for one week before the election.

1884 Cent. Mag. Nov. 125/2 The staple of the argument that is openly pressed for this or that candidate for the nomination is his ability to ‘carry’ this or that state which is supposed likely to be ‘the battleground’ or one of the battle-grounds of the election.

1928 Times 8 Oct. 9/2 The battleground between Labour and the Liberals is the Plympton and Plymstock area, on the outskirts of Plymouth.

1992 Economist 4 Jan. 25/2 The West Midlands is a vital electoral battleground. It has 22 marginal seats.

2004 N.Y. Times Mag. 25 Apr. 12/2 Ohio is emerging as one of the most important battlegrounds for 2004, and the Bush campaign has responded with an intensive ground war there.

Compounds

battleground state n. U.S. Politics a state which is regarded as decisive in determining the overall result of a presidential election, typically one in which the two major parties have similar levels of support; cf. swing- comb. form 3a.The precise sense intended in quot. 1842 is unclear.

ΚΠ

1842 Daily National Intelligencer (Washington) 12 Nov. Noble New Jersey. The gallant Whig ‘Battleground State’.

1860 M. Halstead Caucuses of 1860 142 The object was to bring the delegates of those States [sc. Vermont and Virginia] to..join with the battle-ground States—as Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Indiana, and Illinois insisted upon calling themselves.

1900 Washington Post 24 July 3/1 Indiana, next to Illinois, will be the great battle-ground State of the Middle West in this campaign for the Presidency. The Democrats have set out to capture it.

2004 New Republic 2 Aug. 12/1 In 2004, Bush will need to win them [sc. white working class voters] decisively to carry battleground states like West Virginia, Pennsylvania, Ohio, or Missouri.

This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, March 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	battleground
释义	battlegroundn. Brit. /ˈbatlɡraʊnd/, U.S. /ˈbædlˌɡraʊnd/ Forms: see battle n. and ground n. Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: battle n., ground n. Etymology: < battle n. + ground n. 1. A piece of land on which a battle is or was fought; a battlefield. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > armed encounter > battlefield > [noun] fieldeOE place?c1225 fletc1275 champ of battlec1300 champany?a1400 o laundon?a1400 palaestrac1425 battle-stead1487 fighting-stead1487 open fielda1500 spear-field1508 joining-place1513 camp1525 foughten field1569 battleground1588 Aceldama1607 champian?1611 field of honour1611 champaign1614 standing ground1662 fighting-field1676 battlefield1715 1588 E. Aggas tr. F. de La Noue Politicke & Mil. Disc. xxvi. 360 They made at the head of theyr battayle grounde vppon the comming in, fiue or sixe great heapes of fagots with strawe inough vnder them, to kindle if they were assaulted. 1776 W. J. Mickle tr. L. de Camoens Lusiad iii. 105 With spoils enrich'd, with glorious trophies crown'd The heaven-made Sovereign on the battle ground Three days encampt, to rest his weary train, Whose dauntless valour drove the Moors from Spain. 1811 W. Scott Don Roderick Concl. xiii. 65 For never, upon gory battle-ground, With conquest's well-bought wreath were braver victors crown'd! 1836 Daily National Intelligencer (Washington) 10 Mar. On our arriving at the battle-ground, we found the bodies of the dead lying generally as they were shot. 1910 Times 15 Sept. 4/3 It is difficult to believe that the present battleground, admirable though it be for the purpose of tactical exercise, is the place where a collision would have supervened in the ordinary course of events. 1990 M. Brave Bird & R. Erdoes Lakota Woman (1991) i. 11 You can't walk a mile without coming..to an ancient Sun Dance circle, an old battleground, a place where something worth remembering happened. 2003 Vanity Fair Oct. 320/2 Battlegrounds in Liberia tend to have enormous piles of gleaming AK shells and a lot of dead civilians. 2. a. figurative. A site of, or forum for, strife or conflict; an issue about which there is intense debate. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > dissent > contention or strife > [noun] > place where contest is fought out > ground on which contest may be fought battleground1809 standing ground1866 society > society and the community > dissent > contention or strife > [noun] > an act or instance of flitec1000 strifea1225 wara1300 pulla1400 lakec1420 contenta1450 stour?c1450 contentiona1500 pingle1543 agony1555 feudc1565 combat1567 skirmish1576 grapple1604 counter-scuffle1628 scuffle1641 agon1649 tug1660 tug of war1677 risse1684 struggle1692 palaver1707 hash1789 warsle1792 scrabble1794 set-to1794 go1823 bucklea1849 wrestle1850 tussle1857 head-to-head1884 scrum1905 battleground1931 shoot-out1953 mud-wrestle1986 the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of ideation > topic, subject-matter > materials of topic > [noun] > of debate or discussion proposec1350 purposec1350 propositiona1382 problema1387 conclusionc1400 state of the causea1525 question1549 argumenta1568 thesis1579 disquisition1605 problem1645 consultation1663 consult1683 propos1816 issue1836 chat1861 debating point1927 battleground1931 1809 J. Gray Present Duty 77 Those human compends of theology..have been wedges of division, the arena and battle-ground of controversy. 1865 J. S. Mill Exam. Hamilton's Philos. 154 The question of an external world is the great battle-ground of metaphysics. 1924 Amer. Mercury Dec. 481/1 The United States is today the battleground of a gigantic educational struggle, with opposing ideals and the grapple. 1931 E. Waugh Remote People 209 The rite of female circumcision..is one of the battlegrounds between missionaries and anthropologists. 1951 Economica 18 415 This journal..must not become a battleground for positivists and Neo-Kantians. 1990 Chronicles July 52/1 The literary scene..is presently a battleground. 2011 N.Y. Times Mag. 19 June 34/1 Sexual orientation was one of the most intense battlegrounds in the Bush-era culture wars. b. Politics. A region (such as a district or state) perceived as playing a decisive role in an election, typically one where two parties or candidates have similar levels of support. ΚΠ 1835 Niles' Reg. 5 Sept. 4/2 It is believed that every one of the members from Tennessee are for Judge White, for the presidency. But as this state is a sort of battle ground, we copy the following [etc.]. 1856 Congress. Globe 6 May 1126/2 I, knowing that Jefferson county was to be the battle-ground, returned there; and, blessed with a good constitution, I canvassed that county day and night for one week before the election. 1884 Cent. Mag. Nov. 125/2 The staple of the argument that is openly pressed for this or that candidate for the nomination is his ability to ‘carry’ this or that state which is supposed likely to be ‘the battleground’ or one of the battle-grounds of the election. 1928 Times 8 Oct. 9/2 The battleground between Labour and the Liberals is the Plympton and Plymstock area, on the outskirts of Plymouth. 1992 Economist 4 Jan. 25/2 The West Midlands is a vital electoral battleground. It has 22 marginal seats. 2004 N.Y. Times Mag. 25 Apr. 12/2 Ohio is emerging as one of the most important battlegrounds for 2004, and the Bush campaign has responded with an intensive ground war there. Compounds battleground state n. U.S. Politics a state which is regarded as decisive in determining the overall result of a presidential election, typically one in which the two major parties have similar levels of support; cf. swing- comb. form 3a.The precise sense intended in quot. 1842 is unclear. ΚΠ 1842 Daily National Intelligencer (Washington) 12 Nov. Noble New Jersey. The gallant Whig ‘Battleground State’. 1860 M. Halstead Caucuses of 1860 142 The object was to bring the delegates of those States [sc. Vermont and Virginia] to..join with the battle-ground States—as Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Indiana, and Illinois insisted upon calling themselves. 1900 Washington Post 24 July 3/1 Indiana, next to Illinois, will be the great battle-ground State of the Middle West in this campaign for the Presidency. The Democrats have set out to capture it. 2004 New Republic 2 Aug. 12/1 In 2004, Bush will need to win them [sc. white working class voters] decisively to carry battleground states like West Virginia, Pennsylvania, Ohio, or Missouri. This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, March 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.1588
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