isolationn.

Brit.

/ʌɪsəˈleɪʃən/, U.S.

/ˌaɪsəˈleɪʃən/

Etymology: < French isolation (1791 in Hatzfeld & Darmesteter), noun of action from isoler to isolate v. N.E.D. (1900) also gives the pronunciation (isolēⁱ·ʃən) /ɪsəʊˈleɪʃən/.

a. The action of isolating; the fact or condition of being isolated or standing alone; separation from other things or persons; solitariness.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > separation or isolation > [noun]

sequestration1565

soleness1587

removednessa1616

sequestera1616

segregation1668

separation1685

insulation1798

isolation1833

social isolation1833

asideness1880

purdah1912

lockdown1984

the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > [noun] > separation or isolation

detachedness1768

insulation1798

isolation1833

detachment1862

the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > one > condition of being alone > [noun] > isolation

isolation1833

social isolation1833

apartness1858

whoness1931

1833 H. Martineau Charmed Sea ii. 14 The exiles condemned to the mines run a risk of isolation proportioned to the smallness of their numbers.

1843 T. Carlyle Past & Present iv. iv. 367 Isolation is the sum-total of wretchedness to man.

1844 A. P. Stanley Life & Corr. T. Arnold II. viii. 13 How complete was the isolation in which he found himself, when he was almost equally condemned, in London as a bigot, and in Oxford as a latitudinarian.

1856 A. P. Stanley Sinai & Palestine (1858) viii. 323 We naturally pass to its isolation from the rest of Palestine.

1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. ii. 21 In savage isolation, stood the obelisk of the Matterhorn.

1876 J. B. Mozley Serm. preached Univ. of Oxf. v. 115 To meditate in solitude and isolation on the use of being wise.

1896 Sir W. Laurier in Canadian Ho. Assembly 5 Feb. Whether splendidly isolated or dangerously isolated, I will not now debate; but for my part, I think splendidly isolated, because this isolation of England comes from her superiority.

1896 Goschen Speech at Lewes 26 Feb. We have stood alone in that which is called isolation—our splendid isolation, as one of our colonial friends was good enough to call it.

b. The obtaining of a chemical element or compound as a separate substance.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > [noun] > chemical reactions or processes (named) > separation

isolation1854

sequestration1948

1854 J. Scoffern in Orr's Circle Sci., Chem. 335 Whether the hypothetical compound ammonium can exist except in combination is unknown. Chemists have failed to accomplish its isolation.

1898 G. S. Newth Text-bk. Inorg. Chem. (ed. 6) 471 The method by which Davy first [in 1807] effected the isolation of potassium was by the electrolysis of potassium hydroxide.

c. spec. The complete separation of patients suffering from a contagious or infectious disease, or of a place so infected, from contact with other persons. Also attributive in isolation hospital, isolation camp, etc., that by which isolation is effected.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > [noun] > good health > state of being conducive to > non-infectious condition > quarantine

quarantine1649

quarantain1669

cordon1826

isolation1891

purdah1912

the world > health and disease > healing > places for the sick or injured > [noun] > hospital or infirmary > other types of hospital

general hospital1647

private hospital1763

community hospital1843

day hospital1843

cottage hospital1849

field hospital1861

isolation hospital1891

teaching hospital1963

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > camp or encampment > [noun] > type of

ordu1673

chantier1823

douar1829

outcamp1844

log-camp1858

lumbering-camp1858

yayla1864

refugee camp1865

cow-camp1873

gypsyry1873

work camp1877

tent town1878

logging-camp1880

lumber-camp1882

town camp1885

base camp1887

line-camp1888

wanigan1890

isolation camp1891

tent village1899

sheep-camp1911

safari camp1912

jungle1914

transit camp1919

Siwash camp1922

health camp1925

tent city1934

fly camp1939

bivvy1961

1891 Daily News 8 Oct. 3/1 A much needed institution in the shape of an Isolation Hospital.

1894 Lancet 3 Nov. 1046 Since the new isolation hospital was erected.

1897 Daily News 5 Feb. 10/5 Owing to the breakdown of the medical examinations at Bombay numerous pilgrims had already reached Calcutta. He heartily supported the idea of isolation camps.

a. Psychology and Sociology. The separation of a person or thing from its normal environment or context, either for purposes of experiment and study or as a result of its being, for some reason, set apart. Also attributive or as adj.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > separation or isolation > [noun] > for study or experimentation

isolation1890

the mind > mental capacity > psychology > social psychology > group psychology > separateness > [noun] > from normal context

isolation1890

1890 C. L. Morgan Animal Life & Intell. viii. 322 We may call the process by which we select a certain quality, and consider it by itself to the neglect of other qualities, isolation.

1902 Amer. Jrnl. Sociol. 8 37 Thus isolation, apparently confined to a single person, consisting in the negation of sociality, is really a phenomenon of very positive sociological significance.

1934 Amer. Jrnl. Sociol. 40 157 The hypothesis is that the cause of schizophrenia is isolation of the person.

1950 K. H. Wolff tr. G. Simmel Sociol. iii. 119 Isolation thus is a relation which is lodged within an individual but which exists between him and a certain group or group life in general.

1961 D. O. Hebb in P. Solomon et al. Sensory Deprivation ii. 7 The isolation procedure seems to be contributing to more effective interrelations between psychiatry and psychology.

1964 J. Gould & W. L. Kolb Dict. Social Sci. 355/2 Isolation is regarded as one of the dynamic variables in the failure to acquire personality.

1969 Zigler & Child in G. Lindzey & E. Aronson Handbk. Social Psychol. (ed. 2) III. xxiv. 523 That early isolation increases later aggression is an especially interesting phenomenon which has also been found in mice..and monkeys.

1970 G. A. Theodorson & A. G. Theodorson Mod. Dict. Sociol. 216 The prolonged isolation of an individual from satisfying social..involvement with others usually leads to or is a result of a mental disorder.

1971 Jrnl. Gen. Psychol. 85 107 Isolation fails to enhance total list acquisition.

1971 Jrnl. Gen. Psychol. 85 157 Operant tasks were performed in an isolation chamber.

1972 Jrnl. Social Psychol. 86 106 The results of the experiment showed an isolation effect to the name ‘Cecil’.

b. Psychoanalysis. A defence mechanism whereby a particular wish or thought loses emotional significance by being isolated from its normal context.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > psychology > theory of psychoanalysis > libido > sublimation of libido > [noun] > by isolating

isolation1926

1926 Brit. Jrnl. Med. Psychol. 6 125 In obsessional neurosis the isolation is given magical motor reinforcement—motor isolation is a guarantee for rupture of thought connections.

1937 tr. Freud's Gen. Sel. Works 280 Our attention has..been drawn to a process of ‘isolation’ (whose technique cannot as yet be elucidated) which has direct symptomatic manifestations of its own.

1946 O. Fenichel Psychoanal. Theory of Neurosis ii. ix. 155 Another mechanism of defense prevalent in compulsion neuroses and of very general significance for psychopathology is isolation.

1951 P. M. Symonds Ego & Self xii. 181 The compulsive neurotic may use the mechanism of isolation in which a portion of his personality is walled off through lack of feeling.

1964 H. Hartmann Ess. Ego Psychol. i. iii. 48 A tendency toward isolation (‘good’ things must not be contaminated with ‘bad’ things [etc.]).

1970 P. Chodoff in H. S. Abram Psychol. Aspects Stress 54 Isolation of affect [among concentration camp inmates], which could be so extreme as to involve a kind of emotional anesthesia, seemed to have functioned particularly to protect the ego.

3. Biology. The limitation or prevention of interbreeding between groups of plants or animals by geographical, ecological, seasonal, or other factors, leading to the development of new species or varieties.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > heredity or hereditary descent > [noun] > isolation

isolating barrier1913

isolation1913

isolating mechanism1937

1859 C. Darwin Origin of Species iv. 105 Isolation, by checking immigration and consequently competition, will give time for a new variety to be improved at a slow rate.]

1913 W. Bateson Probl. Genetics vi. 119 The distinctness of the two forms [of the moth Tephrosia bistortata] in the places where they co-exist is maintained by the seasonal isolation.

1929 Biol. Abstr. 3 1621/1 If foreign hereditary elements are mixed in a population, correlations will be established, partly through polymery, partly through isolation.

1937 T. Dobzhansky Genetics & Origin of Species viii. 230 The mechanisms that prevent the interbreeding of groups of individuals, and consequently engender isolation, are remarkably diversified.

1973 I. H. Herskowitz Princ. Genetics xxxvi. 563 Although cross breeding may occur naturally or experimentally between closely related species, each maintains its unique gene pool via reproductive isolation.

Draft additions January 2005

isolation tank n. a tank (also a prison cell: cf. tank n.¹ 4) in which an individual is isolated from others; (in later use) spec. a special light-proof, sound-proof tank in which a person may float in a buoyant salt solution heated to body temperature, in order to achieve sensory deprivation and hence relaxation (cf. flotation n.); also figurative.

ΚΠ

1920 N.Y. Times Mag. 5 Jan. 10/3 When fish get sick,..isolation tanks are available.

1952 Redlands (Calif.) Daily Facts 1 Oct. 4/4 You were guilty of contributory negligence in not making secure the inner cell doors of the isolation tank.

1977 Booklist 15 May 1382/3 Lilly here promotes the isolation tank,..which eliminates most outward stimuli and promotes undisturbed and enlarged self-awareness.

1983 People (Nexis) 1 Aug. 50 Stars who find life at the beach too exciting take refuge in the Santa Monica Mountains, the ultimate isolation tank of celebrity.

2003 Observer 9 Nov. (Mag.) 21/3 He also practises yoga and wing chun [and] floats in an isolation tank.

Draft additions December 2021

Sport (chiefly American Football and Basketball). As a modifier, designating a play in which an attacking player engages a particular defender in a one-on-one match-up; esp. in isolation play. Also: of or relating to such a play.Cf. iso n. Compounds 2.

ΚΠ

1959 Iron County (Wisconsin) Miner 24 July 7/1 As one coach said, ‘He sure cremes that poor guy who is isolated, doesn't he?’ After that, we heard several coaches in the audience calling it Parseghian's ‘Isolation Play’.

1977 Lincoln (Nebraska) Jrnl. (City ed.) 20 Dec. 19/5 Garcia hid the ball on his hip after faking an I-back isolation run into the middle of the line.

1992 N.Y. Times Mag. 17 May 59/3 In contrast to the static isolation plays much in vogue in the N.B.A.,..the triple-post creates a flow of options for all five players.

2013 St. Joseph (Missouri) News-Press (Nexis) 24 Sept. New fullback Marcus Wright..helped clear a path with a key isolation block on a defensive end.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	isolation
释义	isolationn. Brit. /ʌɪsəˈleɪʃən/, U.S. /ˌaɪsəˈleɪʃən/ Etymology: < French isolation (1791 in Hatzfeld & Darmesteter), noun of action from isoler to isolate v. N.E.D. (1900) also gives the pronunciation (isolēⁱ·ʃən) /ɪsəʊˈleɪʃən/. 1. a. The action of isolating; the fact or condition of being isolated or standing alone; separation from other things or persons; solitariness. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > separation or isolation > [noun] sequestration1565 soleness1587 removednessa1616 sequestera1616 segregation1668 separation1685 insulation1798 isolation1833 social isolation1833 asideness1880 purdah1912 lockdown1984 the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > [noun] > separation or isolation detachedness1768 insulation1798 isolation1833 detachment1862 the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > one > condition of being alone > [noun] > isolation isolation1833 social isolation1833 apartness1858 whoness1931 1833 H. Martineau Charmed Sea ii. 14 The exiles condemned to the mines run a risk of isolation proportioned to the smallness of their numbers. 1843 T. Carlyle Past & Present iv. iv. 367 Isolation is the sum-total of wretchedness to man. 1844 A. P. Stanley Life & Corr. T. Arnold II. viii. 13 How complete was the isolation in which he found himself, when he was almost equally condemned, in London as a bigot, and in Oxford as a latitudinarian. 1856 A. P. Stanley Sinai & Palestine (1858) viii. 323 We naturally pass to its isolation from the rest of Palestine. 1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. ii. 21 In savage isolation, stood the obelisk of the Matterhorn. 1876 J. B. Mozley Serm. preached Univ. of Oxf. v. 115 To meditate in solitude and isolation on the use of being wise. 1896 Sir W. Laurier in Canadian Ho. Assembly 5 Feb. Whether splendidly isolated or dangerously isolated, I will not now debate; but for my part, I think splendidly isolated, because this isolation of England comes from her superiority. 1896 Goschen Speech at Lewes 26 Feb. We have stood alone in that which is called isolation—our splendid isolation, as one of our colonial friends was good enough to call it. b. The obtaining of a chemical element or compound as a separate substance. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > [noun] > chemical reactions or processes (named) > separation isolation1854 sequestration1948 1854 J. Scoffern in Orr's Circle Sci., Chem. 335 Whether the hypothetical compound ammonium can exist except in combination is unknown. Chemists have failed to accomplish its isolation. 1898 G. S. Newth Text-bk. Inorg. Chem. (ed. 6) 471 The method by which Davy first [in 1807] effected the isolation of potassium was by the electrolysis of potassium hydroxide. c. spec. The complete separation of patients suffering from a contagious or infectious disease, or of a place so infected, from contact with other persons. Also attributive in isolation hospital, isolation camp, etc., that by which isolation is effected. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > [noun] > good health > state of being conducive to > non-infectious condition > quarantine quarantine1649 quarantain1669 cordon1826 isolation1891 purdah1912 the world > health and disease > healing > places for the sick or injured > [noun] > hospital or infirmary > other types of hospital general hospital1647 private hospital1763 community hospital1843 day hospital1843 cottage hospital1849 field hospital1861 isolation hospital1891 teaching hospital1963 society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > camp or encampment > [noun] > type of ordu1673 chantier1823 douar1829 outcamp1844 log-camp1858 lumbering-camp1858 yayla1864 refugee camp1865 cow-camp1873 gypsyry1873 work camp1877 tent town1878 logging-camp1880 lumber-camp1882 town camp1885 base camp1887 line-camp1888 wanigan1890 isolation camp1891 tent village1899 sheep-camp1911 safari camp1912 jungle1914 transit camp1919 Siwash camp1922 health camp1925 tent city1934 fly camp1939 bivvy1961 1891 Daily News 8 Oct. 3/1 A much needed institution in the shape of an Isolation Hospital. 1894 Lancet 3 Nov. 1046 Since the new isolation hospital was erected. 1897 Daily News 5 Feb. 10/5 Owing to the breakdown of the medical examinations at Bombay numerous pilgrims had already reached Calcutta. He heartily supported the idea of isolation camps. 2. a. Psychology and Sociology. The separation of a person or thing from its normal environment or context, either for purposes of experiment and study or as a result of its being, for some reason, set apart. Also attributive or as adj. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > separation or isolation > [noun] > for study or experimentation isolation1890 the mind > mental capacity > psychology > social psychology > group psychology > separateness > [noun] > from normal context isolation1890 1890 C. L. Morgan Animal Life & Intell. viii. 322 We may call the process by which we select a certain quality, and consider it by itself to the neglect of other qualities, isolation. 1902 Amer. Jrnl. Sociol. 8 37 Thus isolation, apparently confined to a single person, consisting in the negation of sociality, is really a phenomenon of very positive sociological significance. 1934 Amer. Jrnl. Sociol. 40 157 The hypothesis is that the cause of schizophrenia is isolation of the person. 1950 K. H. Wolff tr. G. Simmel Sociol. iii. 119 Isolation thus is a relation which is lodged within an individual but which exists between him and a certain group or group life in general. 1961 D. O. Hebb in P. Solomon et al. Sensory Deprivation ii. 7 The isolation procedure seems to be contributing to more effective interrelations between psychiatry and psychology. 1964 J. Gould & W. L. Kolb Dict. Social Sci. 355/2 Isolation is regarded as one of the dynamic variables in the failure to acquire personality. 1969 Zigler & Child in G. Lindzey & E. Aronson Handbk. Social Psychol. (ed. 2) III. xxiv. 523 That early isolation increases later aggression is an especially interesting phenomenon which has also been found in mice..and monkeys. 1970 G. A. Theodorson & A. G. Theodorson Mod. Dict. Sociol. 216 The prolonged isolation of an individual from satisfying social..involvement with others usually leads to or is a result of a mental disorder. 1971 Jrnl. Gen. Psychol. 85 107 Isolation fails to enhance total list acquisition. 1971 Jrnl. Gen. Psychol. 85 157 Operant tasks were performed in an isolation chamber. 1972 Jrnl. Social Psychol. 86 106 The results of the experiment showed an isolation effect to the name ‘Cecil’. b. Psychoanalysis. A defence mechanism whereby a particular wish or thought loses emotional significance by being isolated from its normal context. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > psychology > theory of psychoanalysis > libido > sublimation of libido > [noun] > by isolating isolation1926 1926 Brit. Jrnl. Med. Psychol. 6 125 In obsessional neurosis the isolation is given magical motor reinforcement—motor isolation is a guarantee for rupture of thought connections. 1937 tr. Freud's Gen. Sel. Works 280 Our attention has..been drawn to a process of ‘isolation’ (whose technique cannot as yet be elucidated) which has direct symptomatic manifestations of its own. 1946 O. Fenichel Psychoanal. Theory of Neurosis ii. ix. 155 Another mechanism of defense prevalent in compulsion neuroses and of very general significance for psychopathology is isolation. 1951 P. M. Symonds Ego & Self xii. 181 The compulsive neurotic may use the mechanism of isolation in which a portion of his personality is walled off through lack of feeling. 1964 H. Hartmann Ess. Ego Psychol. i. iii. 48 A tendency toward isolation (‘good’ things must not be contaminated with ‘bad’ things [etc.]). 1970 P. Chodoff in H. S. Abram Psychol. Aspects Stress 54 Isolation of affect [among concentration camp inmates], which could be so extreme as to involve a kind of emotional anesthesia, seemed to have functioned particularly to protect the ego. 3. Biology. The limitation or prevention of interbreeding between groups of plants or animals by geographical, ecological, seasonal, or other factors, leading to the development of new species or varieties. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > heredity or hereditary descent > [noun] > isolation isolating barrier1913 isolation1913 isolating mechanism1937 1859 C. Darwin Origin of Species iv. 105 Isolation, by checking immigration and consequently competition, will give time for a new variety to be improved at a slow rate.] 1913 W. Bateson Probl. Genetics vi. 119 The distinctness of the two forms [of the moth Tephrosia bistortata] in the places where they co-exist is maintained by the seasonal isolation. 1929 Biol. Abstr. 3 1621/1 If foreign hereditary elements are mixed in a population, correlations will be established, partly through polymery, partly through isolation. 1937 T. Dobzhansky Genetics & Origin of Species viii. 230 The mechanisms that prevent the interbreeding of groups of individuals, and consequently engender isolation, are remarkably diversified. 1973 I. H. Herskowitz Princ. Genetics xxxvi. 563 Although cross breeding may occur naturally or experimentally between closely related species, each maintains its unique gene pool via reproductive isolation. Draft additions January 2005 isolation tank n. a tank (also a prison cell: cf. tank n.¹ 4) in which an individual is isolated from others; (in later use) spec. a special light-proof, sound-proof tank in which a person may float in a buoyant salt solution heated to body temperature, in order to achieve sensory deprivation and hence relaxation (cf. flotation n.); also figurative. ΚΠ 1920 N.Y. Times Mag. 5 Jan. 10/3 When fish get sick,..isolation tanks are available. 1952 Redlands (Calif.) Daily Facts 1 Oct. 4/4 You were guilty of contributory negligence in not making secure the inner cell doors of the isolation tank. 1977 Booklist 15 May 1382/3 Lilly here promotes the isolation tank,..which eliminates most outward stimuli and promotes undisturbed and enlarged self-awareness. 1983 People (Nexis) 1 Aug. 50 Stars who find life at the beach too exciting take refuge in the Santa Monica Mountains, the ultimate isolation tank of celebrity. 2003 Observer 9 Nov. (Mag.) 21/3 He also practises yoga and wing chun [and] floats in an isolation tank. Draft additions December 2021 Sport (chiefly American Football and Basketball). As a modifier, designating a play in which an attacking player engages a particular defender in a one-on-one match-up; esp. in isolation play. Also: of or relating to such a play.Cf. iso n. Compounds 2. ΚΠ 1959 Iron County (Wisconsin) Miner 24 July 7/1 As one coach said, ‘He sure cremes that poor guy who is isolated, doesn't he?’ After that, we heard several coaches in the audience calling it Parseghian's ‘Isolation Play’. 1977 Lincoln (Nebraska) Jrnl. (City ed.) 20 Dec. 19/5 Garcia hid the ball on his hip after faking an I-back isolation run into the middle of the line. 1992 N.Y. Times Mag. 17 May 59/3 In contrast to the static isolation plays much in vogue in the N.B.A.,..the triple-post creates a flow of options for all five players. 2013 St. Joseph (Missouri) News-Press (Nexis) 24 Sept. New fullback Marcus Wright..helped clear a path with a key isolation block on a defensive end. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1833
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