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单词 antelope
释义

antelopen.

Brit. /ˈantᵻləʊp/, U.S. /ˈæn(t)əˌloʊp/
Inflections: Plural unchanged, antelopes.
Forms: Middle English antlope, Middle English antyloppe, Middle English hantlope, Middle English 1600s antlop, Middle English–1600s antelop, Middle English–1800s antilope, Middle English– antelope, 1500s anteloppe, 1500s–1600s antilop, 1600s antalope, 1600s antilopp; also Scottish pre-1700 anteloip.
Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French antelope.
Etymology: < Anglo-Norman antalop, antilopp, Anglo-Norman and Middle French antelop, Middle French antelope mythical creature with horns (early 13th cent. in Old French as antule; French antilope, now used to denote various ruminants of the family Bovidae: see note) < post-classical Latin antilops (from 13th cent. in British sources), earlier authalopum (Damianus, a1072, with variants antaplon, aptalon; compare analopos (13th cent. in Albertus Magnus)) < Byzantine Greek ἀνθόλοπ-, ἀνθόλοψ (in the Commentary on the Hexameron (late 4th or 5th cent.) attributed pseudonymously to Eustathius of Antioch), further etymology unknown.Modern uses of French antilope to denote a ruminant mammal (18th cent.) are after English; compare also later scientific Latin Antilope (Pallas 1766).
1.
a. A fierce and elusive mythical creature with long serrated horns, said to haunt the banks of the Euphrates river; (now more fully heraldic antelope) a heraldic animal representing this (often depicted also with a spiked nose, and a tufted mane and long tail). Now archaic or historical.This use reflects the accounts in Greek, Latin, and Old French bestiaries of an exotic animal, perhaps originally based on reports of the oryx. The separation from sense 1b was not at first entirely distinct, as early scientific descriptions (e.g. that of Topsell: cf. quot. 1607 at sense 1b) continue to include fantastic elements, such as the animal's supposed ability to saw off the branches of trees with its horns, but these are absent from the factual account of the ‘antilope’ by John Ray ( Synopsis methodica animalia quadrupedum (1693) 79). In modern heraldry the mythical creature is generally called heraldic antelope to distinguish it from representations of the natural animal.In quot. a1460 figurative, alluding to a royal emblem of Henry V.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > antelope > [noun]
antelope1417
ante1625
bubal1661
capricerve1661
bok1812
the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > antelope > [noun] > subfamily Antilopinae > genus Antilope (black buck)
antelope1417
Indian antelope1771
blackbuck1834
sasin1834
1417 Foreign Accts. 8 Henry V (Public Rec. Office) G/1 (MED) De..j signo de Worstede cum j Antilope ascendenti super vno bekyn.
1432 in H. T. Riley Munimenta Gildhallæ Londoniensis (1862) III. 459 In eadem pagina [i.e. pageant] erigebantur duo animalia vocata ‘antelops’.
?1435 ( J. Lydgate Minor Poems (1934) ii. 633 Twoo antelopes stondyng on eytheyr syde With the armes off Englond and off Fraunce.
a1460 Knyghthode & Bataile (Pembr. Cambr. 243) l. 1000 The Noblis alle attende on the Antilope.
1486 Blasyng of Armys sig. cviiiv, in Bk. St. Albans As Lyon, Antlop and other.
a1500 in R. L. Greene Early Eng. Carols (1935) 270 Whan hantlopes sermovntes eglys in flyght..Than put women in trust and confydens.
a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) II. f. clxxxix A Rede Antelop. A Crowne aboute his necke with a Chayne of Golde.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. vi. sig. F3 The Antelope, and Wolfe both swift and cruell.
1682 H. Keene Monumenta Westm. (1683) 224 Arms. viz. Cranfield... Crest to the first, out of a Ducal Crown an Antelops head coped.
a1692 E. Ashmole Antiq. Berks. (1719) III. 138 On the Key Stone his Royal Arms, ensigned with a Crown, and supported by two Antilopes, collered and chained together.
1832 Edinb. Encycl. (Amer. ed.) X. 335/1 The imaginary antelope of former days is the same figure as this [heraldic] tiger in every respect, save that on his head he has two horns, whose edges are indented like a saw, and that he is hoofed like a buck.
1988 T. Woodcock & J. M. Robinson Oxf. Guide to Heraldry 197 (Gloss.) Antelope, heraldic, a monster with the body of an antelope, two horns, a mane, and long tail.
2000 D. Yamamoto Boundaries of Human in Medieval Eng. Lit. iv. 83 The fierce antelope of the Bestiaries, borne by several noble families, is always shown with massive tusks and formidably serrated horns.
b. Any of numerous mammals of the ruminant family Bovidae, native to Africa and Eurasia, which resemble deer in general body form, typically swift-running, with smooth hair and slender, often upward-pointing horns, including gazelles, impala, gnus, and elands. Also (usually with modifying word): any of various other members of the family Bovidae not clearly identified as sheep, goats, or cattle.See note at sense 1a on the overlap between the two senses in early use.Although many were formerly placed in the genus Antilope (now restricted to the blackbuck), antelope do not constitute a taxonomically defined subdivision of bovids. The more deerlike species have sometimes been distinguished as true antelope.goat-antelope, mountain antelope, ox-antelope: see the first element.
ΚΠ
1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 1 The Antalope called in Latine Calopus, and of the Græcians Analopos or Aptolos... They are bred in India and Syria... Their bodie is like the body of a Roe, and they haue hornes growing forth of the crowne of their head which are very long and sharpe.
1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage vii. viii. 578 The Captaine killed there an Antelope as bigge as a Colt.
1687 A. Lovell tr. J. de Thévenot Trav. into Levant ii. ii. xi. 105 They go into the Fields with them, and so soon as they have discovered an Antelope, let flie two of these Hawks, of which one of them fastens just upon the Antelope's Nose.
1722 J. Macky Journey through Eng. II. iii. 46 A Parlour adorned with Stags Heads and Horns of a prodigious Extent,..and some Antelope's Horns much larger than my Arm.
1771 T. Pennant Synopsis Quadrupeds 31 Antelope... Striped... Inhabits the Cape of Good Hope.
1821 P. B. Shelley Epipsychidion 10 An antelope, In the suspended impulse of its lightness, Were less ethereally light.
1894 H. M. Tirard tr. A. Erman Life in Anc. Egypt xvii. 442 The flesh of a fat antelope must have been considered as particularly good when roasted, for we nearly always find the antelope amongst the sacrificial animals.
1930 W. M. Mann Wild Animals in & out of Zoo xv. 197 Perhaps the most magnificent of antelopes are the East African eland and Livingstone's eland.
1955 F. G. Ashbrook Butchering, Processing & Preserv. Meat xii. 228 Biltong is a Dutch South African term for strips of sun-dried meat of antelope, buffalo, and other animals.
2014 New Scientist 29 Mar. 12/2 Only found on the border of Kenya and Somalia, the hirola is the world's most threatened antelope.
c. North American. The pronghorn, Antilocapra americana.pronghorn antelope, prong-horned antelope: see the first element.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > antelope > [noun] > family Antilocapridae (pronghorn antelope)
mazame1775
antelope1805
jumping deer1806
Missouri antelope1806
cabrie1807
prong-horned antelopea1815
pronghorn1823
kaama1824
prongbuck1834
prongdoe1890
1805 M. Lewis Jrnl. 15 Apr. in Jrnls. Lewis & Clark Exped. (1987) IV. 42 There was a park which they had formed of timber and brush, for the purpose of taking the Cabrie or Antelope.
1885 A. S. Hill From Home to Home 151 We started along the prairie, and on coming up to a coulee, we caught sight of an antelope, or, as our half-breeds call them more correctly, ‘capri’, coming towards us.
1939 J. O'Connor Game in Desert vi. 107 No other term so well describes the pronghorn antelope in motion. A herd of fleeing antelope skimming over the plain, wheeling, maneuvering, is like nothing so much as a flock of swallows.
1987 A. Hultkrantz Native Relig. N. Amer. iii. 57 The antelope medicine men..had supernatural power to attract the antelope (pronghorns).
2008 Hoosier Times (Bloomington, Indiana) 27 Jan. (Herald-Times ed.) d8/1 Antelope are, in my opinion, the most exotic of all North American big game animals. Fast, with great eyesight, ‘speed goats’ offer an exhilarating hunt.
2. The hide of an antelope; leather made from this.Recorded earliest in attributive use; see Compounds 2.
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society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > leather > [noun] > leather from other specific animals
doeskin1457
buckskin1804
snake-skin1825
antelope1876
crocodile skin1887
lizard1895
prunella1904
seal-grain1906
1876 Milwaukee (Wisconsin) Daily Sentinel 21 Oct. 5/6 (advt.) Gents' genuine Indian tanned Antelope Gloves.
1878 C. W. Hodge Lect. ii. 7 in New Testament Criticism The oldest N.T. MS. the Sinaitic, is on vellum of the finest antelope.
1924 Vogue 15 Aug. 26/1 Simple sandals..made of antelope in white, grey, or brown.
1951 R. T. Wilcox Mode in Furs vii. 199 (caption) Leopard jacket belted with dark blue antelope.
2003 Guardian 30 Sept. (Educ. section) 60/1 [Which Hindu deity] Wears a loincloth made of antelope[?]
3. A colour resembling or suggesting that of an antelope; a light greyish brown, a pale beige colour.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > named colours > brown or brownness > [noun] > greyish brown
mouse-brown1792
suede1873
smoke1882
antelope1889
string1914
ash-brown1921
oatmeal1927
1885 Punch 31 Oct. 208/1 We shall not be surprised to hear..of garments ‘in the shade of that colour known as’..‘alarmed antelope’.]
1889 Austral. Jrnl. Aug. 691/1 Among the new colours are Mogul, a dusky-looking red..; Afrique, a dark terra-cotta; Antelope, a new shade of fawn; and others.
1923 Daily Mail 15 Jan. 6 (advt.) Crepe de Chine..in a wonderful range of the newest shades, including:—Pale Pink, Salmon..Beige, Antelope, Cinnamon.
1976 Eastern Daily Press (Norwich) 19 Nov. 6/3 (advt.) Austin 1300 Super De Luxe, 1970, antelope with matching interior.
2003 New Straits Times (Malaysia) (Nexis) 18 Sept. 7 Hydralift Timeproof Lipstick comes in the three new shades of Antelope, Camel and Frosty Sienna.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.
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1707 Miscellanea Curiosa (Royal Soc.) III. 122 They had on the Palms of their Hands, Elbows, Knees and Feet, some Antelope-Skin tied, that they may be able to creep the better on the Ground.
1801 J. Barrow Acct. Trav. Interior S. Afr. 1797–8 I. 260 It has the subocular sinus that is common to most, though not all, of the antelope tribe.
a1861 E. B. Browning Last Poems (1862) 8 Her throat has the antelope curve.
1867 S. W. Baker Nile Tributaries Abyssinia xviii. 471 At length we discovered a dangerous antelope-track.
1921 B. E. Ellis Gloves & Glove Trade 141 Formerly deerskin or antelope leather, which is now becoming exceedingly rare.
1970 Jrnl. Wildlife Managem. 34 573/2 Natality of the antelope herd was determined by close observation of the does in early morning hours.
2006 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 29 Aug. d6/3 Jackalopes, jackrabbits with antelope horns, are made by taxidermists.
C2. attributive. Designating an item of clothing made from the hide of an antelope.
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1876Antelope Gloves [see sense 2].
1908 Westm. Gaz. 29 Aug. 13/2 I have known a pair of white antelope shoes come back [sc. from the dyer] a perfect mole-colour.
1951 R. T. Wilcox Mode in Furs vii. 199 (caption) Leopard gloves with antelope palms.
1992 N.Y. Mag. 3 Feb. 60/3 Buttery soft suede hats include an antelope suede breton with burgundy velvet baby rosebuds.
2012 S. Emling M. Curie & her Daughters xii. 166 Eve had been photographed for French Vogue in December 1937 wearing..long black antelope gloves.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2016; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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