precessionn.¹

Brit.

/prᵻˈsɛʃn/, U.S.

/prəˈsɛʃ(ə)n/

Forms: Middle English precessiun, Middle English precestion, Middle English presescion, Middle English presscion (transmission error), Middle English pressescion, Middle English 1600s 1900s– precession, late Middle English pressession (in a late copy), 1500s precessyon.

Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: procession n.

Etymology: Alteration of procession n., after pre- prefix. Compare post-classical Latin praecessio procession (1517 in a British source; compare precession n.² for earlier senses). In quot. 1993 after Italian precessione (1992 in the passage translated, with punning allusion to precessione precession n.²).

Now rare.

An advance, a procession.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > [noun] > passage in a continuous stream > procession

processionOE

drightfarea1225

precessiona1400

processionc1400

walking1449

train1489

walk1563

processioning1593

band1611

solemnity1636

proceeding1660

cavalcade1670

parade1673

cortège1679

processionade1762

processional1820

crocodile1891

ram1912

processing1920

paseo1927

croc1948

society > faith > worship > other practices > [noun] > procession

precessiona1400

ganging1540

procession1544

processioning1593

perahera1681

processional1820

recession1868

society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > a public show or spectacle > type of show or spectacle > [noun] > parade or procession

processionOE

precessiona1400

walking1449

pomp1482

solemnity1636

parade1673

promenadea1734

processionade1762

processional1820

march past1832

fly-past1914

paseo1927

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 20697 Gas þan wit fair precessiun [a1400 Fairf. processioun, a1400 Gött. processiun] To ierusalem right thoru þe town.

a1475 in F. J. Furnivall Polit., Relig., & Love Poems (1903) 240 iij women I met with precession.

?1530 J. Rastell Pastyme of People sig. *Fi The kynge, the quene, and all the lordes, vpon our Lady day..went a precessyon in Poules.

1534 (?a1500) Weavers' Pageant 53 in H. Craig Two Coventry Corpus Christi Plays (1931) 35 (MED) Here the cum downe with pressession to mete them.

c1600 in Shropshire Arch. Soc. (1880) 3 v. 258 This yeare Images were commaundyd to be put downe and owt of the churches, and beades, and precession forbydde, and preests grauntyd to marry in England.

1993 W. Weaver tr. U. Eco Misreadings 89 The ‘processions’ or ‘precessions’ [It. ‘processioni’ o ‘precessioni’] (obviously connected with equinoctial rites), which are unabashed displays of pomp and military force.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

precessionn.²

Brit.

/prᵻˈsɛʃn/, U.S.

/prəˈsɛʃ(ə)n/

Forms: 1500s– precession, 1600s praecession, 1600s–1700s praecession.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin praecession-, praecessio.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin praecession-, praecessio action or fact of preceding in time, order, or rank (5th cent.), planetary precession (5th cent.), logical anteriority (6th cent.) < classical Latin praecess- , past participial stem ofpræcēdere precede v.² + -iō -ion suffix¹. With use in astronomy compare French précession (1690), Italian precessione (a1647), German Präzession (1844 or earlier as Präcession).In sense 1a after post-classical Latin aequinoctiorum praecessio (c1267 in a British source; also in Copernicus (see below)); compare Hellenistic Greek μετάπτωσις mutation, used in this sense by Hipparchus and Ptolemy (see metaptosis n.).1543 N. Copernicus De Reuolutionibus Orbium Cœlestium iii. ii. (heading) Historia observationum comprobantium inæqualem æquinoctiorum conversionumque præcessionem.

a. Astronomy. The slow retrograde motion of the equinoctial points along the ecliptic, resulting in the earlier occurrence of the equinoxes in each successive sidereal year, caused by the slow change of direction of the earth's axis of rotation, which describes an approximate circle around the pole of the ecliptic once in about 25,800 years (in full precession of the equinoxes). Hence: the motion of the earth or its axis of which the precession of the equinoxes is a manifestation.The phenomenon is due to the effect of the gravitational attraction of the sun, moon, and planets on the earth's equatorial bulge. The precession of the equinoxes was discovered by Hipparchus c125 b.c., when the vernal equinox was in the constellation Aries. As a result of precession, the longitudes, right ascensions, and declinations of the stars are continually changing, and the signs of the zodiac shift in a retrograde direction along the zodiac, so that they no longer coincide with the constellations from which they were named. The vernal equinox itself now falls in the constellation Pisces, although it is still held to be in the astrological sign of Aries.general, lunisolar, planetary precession: see the first element.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > celestial sphere > circle of celestial sphere > [noun] > great circle > ecliptic > cardinal points > precession of equinoxes

precession1594

recession1682

retrogression1794

the world > the universe > planet > primary planet > earth > [noun] > movement of earth

precession1710

1594 T. Blundeville Exercises iii. i. xxvii. f. 160^v Spica Virginis..is found now to be in the 18. of Libra, the cause whereof is the precession of the Equinoctiall point or section.

1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy ii. ii. iii. 326 Whether there be such a Precession of the Æquinoxes, as Copernicus holds.

1646 S. Danforth Almanack 4 The annuall periods of the Sun agree not together, in regard of the unaequal praecession of the aequinoctiall.

1710 Streete's Astronomia Carolina (ed. 2) 44 The motion is. 6°.35′. and the Annual Præcession 48″.46‴.

1760 J. Welsh School-master's Gen. Assistant I. xxvii. 109 A sidereal Year is 365 Days, 5 Hours, 9 Minutes, 14 Seconds; the Precession of the Equinoxes is 50 Seconds of the Ecliptic annually.

1881 Nature 17 Feb. 359/1 The alternate phases of precession, which tend to bring warmer and colder conditions of climate every 10,500 years.

1939 W. T. Skilling & R. S. Richardson Astron. i. 16 Precession does not affect the position of the terrestrial poles upon the earth's surface.

1963 D. Alter et al. Pict. Astron. (ed. 2) xlvi. 211/2 This gradual north–south drift of the Southern Cross is a consequence of the precession of the earth.

1995 C. Sagan Demon-haunted World xvi. 303 Many valid criticisms of astrology can be formulated..: for example, its acceptance of precession of the equinoxes in announcing an ‘Age of Aquarius’ and its rejection of precession of the equinoxes in casting horoscopes.

2002 Geophysics in UK 19/2 The effects of precession and other variations in the Earth's orbit..have long been recognized as Milankovitch cycles in such palaeoclimate data as the tree-ring record.

b. Physics and Astronomy. A motion analogous to that of the earth and its axis in the precession of the equinoxes, such as the slow rotation of the axis of a spinning top, gyroscope, etc., about another axis, and the slow advance of the perihelion of a planet's orbit.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > mechanics > types of motion > [noun] > movement analogous to that of earth's axis

precession1879

the world > movement > motion in specific manner > revolution or rotation > [noun] > spinning > of axis or body in sloping position

precession1879

nutation1947

1879 W. Thomson & P. G. Tait Treat. Nat. Philos. (new ed.) I: Pt. i. §105 The plane through the instantaneous axis and the axis of the fixed cone passes through the axis of the rolling cone... The motion of the plane containing these axes is called the precession in any such case.

1907 W. S. Franklin & B. Macnutt Elements Mech. vii. 149 The torque required to produce precession of a spinning body depends upon the moment of inertia of the body and upon the angular acceleration which is involved in the continual change of direction of the axis of spin.

1942 Tee Emm (Air Ministry) June 56/1 He has a directional gyro—and should have some idea as to its rate of precession.

1991 C. A. Ronan Nat. Hist. Universe 20/1 The explanation of the precession of Mercury's orbit..was a triumph for the theory, but physicists sought further evidence.

1995 N.Y. Times 20 June c7/2 The porous fabric also lets enough air through to reduce the unwanted side lift caused by gyroscopic precession.

c. Physics. The rotation of the spin axis of a subatomic particle about the direction of a magnetic or electric field.Larmor precession: see Larmor n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > atomic nucleus > [noun] > field of energy > rotation of spin axis

precession1924

the world > matter > physics > quantum theory > electron spin > [noun] > rotation of spin axis

precession1924

1924 Science 18 Jan. 49/1 Many of these can be explained by bringing in precession in the electronic orbits and taking account of changes of mass due to motion according to the theory of relativity.

1960 R. H. Dicke & J. P. Wittke Introd. Quantum Mech. xii. 195 This torque produces a precession of the spin axis about the direction of the magnetic field; in other words, the particle acts like a gyroscope because of its spin angular momentum.

1973 O. Howarth Theory Spectrosc. i. 14 The existence of precession explains why even a classical particle with a magnetic moment does not immediately align when put in a magnetic field. It precesses instead.

2004 K. Nakamura & T. Harayama Quantum Chaos & Quantum Dots x. 187 The irregular precession of a nuclear spin of Penning-trapped Beryllium ions in the presence of a magnetic field.

2. The action or fact of preceding in time, order, or rank; precedence. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > quality of being better or superior > [noun]

advantagea1393

prioritya1425

prerogativec1425

prestance1470

betterness1492

superioritya1500

majority1552

start1569

melioritya1586

precedence1587

superiorship1587

precedency1593

priory1600

preferency1602

preference1603

precession1613

betterhood1615

prestancy1615

eminence1702

superiorness1730

the world > time > relative time > the past > antecedence or being earlier > [noun]

priority?a1475

prevention1544

earliness1575

foregoinga1586

foreness1587

formerness1587

antecedency1598

anteriority1599

precedence1605

pregression1623

antecedencea1626

antecession1629

precedency1634

beforeness1635

earlierness1674

previousness1677

precursorship1856

anteriornessa1866

precession1898

1613 L. Bayly Practise of Pietie (ed. 3) 48 Eternitie Whereby God is without beginning of dayes or end of time: and without all bounds of præcession or succession.

a1628 F. Greville Life of Sidney (1651) xvii. 232 To assist her in bounding out the Imperiall Meeres of all Princes by the ancient precession of Right, and power.

1898 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. V. 1020 Premising that the precession of the two sounds of tension is aortic in the earlier and pulmonic in the later phases of the disease.

1999 High Performance Textiles (Nexis) 1 Dec. It is possible to change the synchronization between the outlet and the needle penetration—precession and succession of advance can be achieved, depending on the intended application.

†3. Phonetics. A change in the voicing of a vowel towards a more close sound (close adj. 1d). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > speech sound by place or organ > [noun] > lingual > by parts of tongue > articulation of

precession1843

inverted1879

fronting1886

retraction1890

retroflexion1932

dorsality1951

1843 New Englander (New Haven, Connecticut) July 438 There are certain vowel changes in the transition from Gothic or Anglo-Saxon to English; (1.) the attenuation or precession of the vowel sound ah to eh; as, to make from Anglo-Sax. macian [etc.].

1844 A. Crosby Gram. Greek Lang. i. 17 So remarkable has been this precession (præcessio, going forward) of the vowels in the Greek language, that η, υ, ει, ῃ, οι, and υι, have now all lost their distinctive sounds.

1860 S. S. Haldeman Analyt. Orthogr. xi. 56 Precession (>) is a vowel change from a more open to a closer position of the organs, towards the lips or throat. The term is adopted from Crosby's Greek Grammar.

1870 F. A. March Compar. Gram. Anglo-Saxon Lang. i. 26 In an unaccented syllable the ascending series is reversed... (Precession).

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	precession
释义	precessionn.¹ Brit. /prᵻˈsɛʃn/, U.S. /prəˈsɛʃ(ə)n/ Forms: Middle English precessiun, Middle English precestion, Middle English presescion, Middle English presscion (transmission error), Middle English pressescion, Middle English 1600s 1900s– precession, late Middle English pressession (in a late copy), 1500s precessyon. Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: procession n. Etymology: Alteration of procession n., after pre- prefix. Compare post-classical Latin praecessio procession (1517 in a British source; compare precession n.² for earlier senses). In quot. 1993 after Italian precessione (1992 in the passage translated, with punning allusion to precessione precession n.²). Now rare. An advance, a procession. ΘΚΠ society > travel > [noun] > passage in a continuous stream > procession processionOE drightfarea1225 precessiona1400 processionc1400 walking1449 train1489 walk1563 processioning1593 band1611 solemnity1636 proceeding1660 cavalcade1670 parade1673 cortège1679 processionade1762 processional1820 crocodile1891 ram1912 processing1920 paseo1927 croc1948 society > faith > worship > other practices > [noun] > procession precessiona1400 ganging1540 procession1544 processioning1593 perahera1681 processional1820 recession1868 society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > a public show or spectacle > type of show or spectacle > [noun] > parade or procession processionOE precessiona1400 walking1449 pomp1482 solemnity1636 parade1673 promenadea1734 processionade1762 processional1820 march past1832 fly-past1914 paseo1927 a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 20697 Gas þan wit fair precessiun [a1400 Fairf. processioun, a1400 Gött. processiun] To ierusalem right thoru þe town. a1475 in F. J. Furnivall Polit., Relig., & Love Poems (1903) 240 iij women I met with precession. ?1530 J. Rastell Pastyme of People sig. Fi The kynge, the quene, and all the lordes, vpon our Lady day..went a precessyon in Poules. 1534 (?a1500) Weavers' Pageant* 53 in H. Craig Two Coventry Corpus Christi Plays (1931) 35 (MED) Here the cum downe with pressession to mete them. c1600 in Shropshire Arch. Soc. (1880) 3 v. 258 This yeare Images were commaundyd to be put downe and owt of the churches, and beades, and precession forbydde, and preests grauntyd to marry in England. 1993 W. Weaver tr. U. Eco Misreadings 89 The ‘processions’ or ‘precessions’ [It. ‘processioni’ o ‘precessioni’] (obviously connected with equinoctial rites), which are unabashed displays of pomp and military force. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). precessionn.² Brit. /prᵻˈsɛʃn/, U.S. /prəˈsɛʃ(ə)n/ Forms: 1500s– precession, 1600s praecession, 1600s–1700s praecession. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin praecession-, praecessio. Etymology: < post-classical Latin praecession-, praecessio action or fact of preceding in time, order, or rank (5th cent.), planetary precession (5th cent.), logical anteriority (6th cent.) < classical Latin praecess- , past participial stem ofpræcēdere precede v.² + -iō -ion suffix¹. With use in astronomy compare French précession (1690), Italian precessione (a1647), German Präzession (1844 or earlier as Präcession).In sense 1a after post-classical Latin aequinoctiorum praecessio (c1267 in a British source; also in Copernicus (see below)); compare Hellenistic Greek μετάπτωσις mutation, used in this sense by Hipparchus and Ptolemy (see metaptosis n.).1543 N. Copernicus De Reuolutionibus Orbium Cœlestium iii. ii. (heading) Historia observationum comprobantium inæqualem æquinoctiorum conversionumque præcessionem. 1. a. Astronomy. The slow retrograde motion of the equinoctial points along the ecliptic, resulting in the earlier occurrence of the equinoxes in each successive sidereal year, caused by the slow change of direction of the earth's axis of rotation, which describes an approximate circle around the pole of the ecliptic once in about 25,800 years (in full precession of the equinoxes). Hence: the motion of the earth or its axis of which the precession of the equinoxes is a manifestation.The phenomenon is due to the effect of the gravitational attraction of the sun, moon, and planets on the earth's equatorial bulge. The precession of the equinoxes was discovered by Hipparchus c125 b.c., when the vernal equinox was in the constellation Aries. As a result of precession, the longitudes, right ascensions, and declinations of the stars are continually changing, and the signs of the zodiac shift in a retrograde direction along the zodiac, so that they no longer coincide with the constellations from which they were named. The vernal equinox itself now falls in the constellation Pisces, although it is still held to be in the astrological sign of Aries.general, lunisolar, planetary precession: see the first element. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > celestial sphere > circle of celestial sphere > [noun] > great circle > ecliptic > cardinal points > precession of equinoxes precession1594 recession1682 retrogression1794 the world > the universe > planet > primary planet > earth > [noun] > movement of earth precession1710 1594 T. Blundeville Exercises iii. i. xxvii. f. 160^v Spica Virginis..is found now to be in the 18. of Libra, the cause whereof is the precession of the Equinoctiall point or section. 1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy ii. ii. iii. 326 Whether there be such a Precession of the Æquinoxes, as Copernicus holds. 1646 S. Danforth Almanack 4 The annuall periods of the Sun agree not together, in regard of the unaequal praecession of the aequinoctiall. 1710 Streete's Astronomia Carolina (ed. 2) 44 The motion is. 6°.35′. and the Annual Præcession 48″.46‴. 1760 J. Welsh School-master's Gen. Assistant I. xxvii. 109 A sidereal Year is 365 Days, 5 Hours, 9 Minutes, 14 Seconds; the Precession of the Equinoxes is 50 Seconds of the Ecliptic annually. 1881 Nature 17 Feb. 359/1 The alternate phases of precession, which tend to bring warmer and colder conditions of climate every 10,500 years. 1939 W. T. Skilling & R. S. Richardson Astron. i. 16 Precession does not affect the position of the terrestrial poles upon the earth's surface. 1963 D. Alter et al. Pict. Astron. (ed. 2) xlvi. 211/2 This gradual north–south drift of the Southern Cross is a consequence of the precession of the earth. 1995 C. Sagan Demon-haunted World xvi. 303 Many valid criticisms of astrology can be formulated..: for example, its acceptance of precession of the equinoxes in announcing an ‘Age of Aquarius’ and its rejection of precession of the equinoxes in casting horoscopes. 2002 Geophysics in UK 19/2 The effects of precession and other variations in the Earth's orbit..have long been recognized as Milankovitch cycles in such palaeoclimate data as the tree-ring record. b. Physics and Astronomy. A motion analogous to that of the earth and its axis in the precession of the equinoxes, such as the slow rotation of the axis of a spinning top, gyroscope, etc., about another axis, and the slow advance of the perihelion of a planet's orbit. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > mechanics > types of motion > [noun] > movement analogous to that of earth's axis precession1879 the world > movement > motion in specific manner > revolution or rotation > [noun] > spinning > of axis or body in sloping position precession1879 nutation1947 1879 W. Thomson & P. G. Tait Treat. Nat. Philos. (new ed.) I: Pt. i. §105 The plane through the instantaneous axis and the axis of the fixed cone passes through the axis of the rolling cone... The motion of the plane containing these axes is called the precession in any such case. 1907 W. S. Franklin & B. Macnutt Elements Mech. vii. 149 The torque required to produce precession of a spinning body depends upon the moment of inertia of the body and upon the angular acceleration which is involved in the continual change of direction of the axis of spin. 1942 Tee Emm (Air Ministry) June 56/1 He has a directional gyro—and should have some idea as to its rate of precession. 1991 C. A. Ronan Nat. Hist. Universe 20/1 The explanation of the precession of Mercury's orbit..was a triumph for the theory, but physicists sought further evidence. 1995 N.Y. Times 20 June c7/2 The porous fabric also lets enough air through to reduce the unwanted side lift caused by gyroscopic precession. c. Physics. The rotation of the spin axis of a subatomic particle about the direction of a magnetic or electric field.Larmor precession: see Larmor n. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > atomic nucleus > [noun] > field of energy > rotation of spin axis precession1924 the world > matter > physics > quantum theory > electron spin > [noun] > rotation of spin axis precession1924 1924 Science 18 Jan. 49/1 Many of these can be explained by bringing in precession in the electronic orbits and taking account of changes of mass due to motion according to the theory of relativity. 1960 R. H. Dicke & J. P. Wittke Introd. Quantum Mech. xii. 195 This torque produces a precession of the spin axis about the direction of the magnetic field; in other words, the particle acts like a gyroscope because of its spin angular momentum. 1973 O. Howarth Theory Spectrosc. i. 14 The existence of precession explains why even a classical particle with a magnetic moment does not immediately align when put in a magnetic field. It precesses instead. 2004 K. Nakamura & T. Harayama Quantum Chaos & Quantum Dots x. 187 The irregular precession of a nuclear spin of Penning-trapped Beryllium ions in the presence of a magnetic field. 2. The action or fact of preceding in time, order, or rank; precedence. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > quality of being better or superior > [noun] advantagea1393 prioritya1425 prerogativec1425 prestance1470 betterness1492 superioritya1500 majority1552 start1569 melioritya1586 precedence1587 superiorship1587 precedency1593 priory1600 preferency1602 preference1603 precession1613 betterhood1615 prestancy1615 eminence1702 superiorness1730 the world > time > relative time > the past > antecedence or being earlier > [noun] priority?a1475 prevention1544 earliness1575 foregoinga1586 foreness1587 formerness1587 antecedency1598 anteriority1599 precedence1605 pregression1623 antecedencea1626 antecession1629 precedency1634 beforeness1635 earlierness1674 previousness1677 precursorship1856 anteriornessa1866 precession1898 1613 L. Bayly Practise of Pietie (ed. 3) 48 Eternitie Whereby God is without beginning of dayes or end of time: and without all bounds of præcession or succession. a1628 F. Greville Life of Sidney (1651) xvii. 232 To assist her in bounding out the Imperiall Meeres of all Princes by the ancient precession of Right, and power. 1898 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. V. 1020 Premising that the precession of the two sounds of tension is aortic in the earlier and pulmonic in the later phases of the disease. 1999 High Performance Textiles (Nexis) 1 Dec. It is possible to change the synchronization between the outlet and the needle penetration—precession and succession of advance can be achieved, depending on the intended application. †3. Phonetics. A change in the voicing of a vowel towards a more close sound (close adj. 1d). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > speech sound by place or organ > [noun] > lingual > by parts of tongue > articulation of precession1843 inverted1879 fronting1886 retraction1890 retroflexion1932 dorsality1951 1843 New Englander (New Haven, Connecticut) July 438 There are certain vowel changes in the transition from Gothic or Anglo-Saxon to English; (1.) the attenuation or precession of the vowel sound ah to eh; as, to make from Anglo-Sax. macian [etc.]. 1844 A. Crosby Gram. Greek Lang. i. 17 So remarkable has been this precession (præcessio, going forward) of the vowels in the Greek language, that η, υ, ει, ῃ, οι, and υι, have now all lost their distinctive sounds. 1860 S. S. Haldeman Analyt. Orthogr. xi. 56 Precession (>) is a vowel change from a more open to a closer position of the organs, towards the lips or throat. The term is adopted from Crosby's Greek Grammar. 1870 F. A. March Compar. Gram. Anglo-Saxon Lang. i. 26 In an unaccented syllable the ascending series is reversed... (Precession). This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2022). > as lemmas pre-cession pre-cession adj. Brit. /(ˌ)priːˈsɛʃn/ , U.S. /ˌpriˈsɛʃən/ ΚΠ 1920 Chambers's Jrnl. 13 Nov. 786/2 The natives obtained, individually or communally, land to which in the pre-cession days they could not have established a claim. 1990 Compar. Stud. Society & Hist. 32 159 (note) Laws and regulations relating to sanitation were initially made substantially earlier and a few were enacted by the pre-Cession planters' government (the Cakobau government). extracted from pre-prefix < n.¹a1400n.²1594 as lemmas
随便看	pagoda pagoda cornel pagoda dogwood pagoda flower pagoda sleeve pagoda stone pagoda structure pagoda tree pagoda-like pagoda-shaped pagodalike pagodas pagodashaped pagodite pagody pagurian pagurians pagurid over-rigorously over-ring over-riot over-ripeness over-roast over-roasted over-roasting

precessionn.1

precessionn.2

> as lemmas

precessionn.¹

precessionn.²