alternantadj.n.

Brit.

/ˈɔːltənənt/,

/ˈɒltənənt/, U.S.

/ˈɔltərnənt/,

/ˈɑltərnənt/

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: Latin alternant- , alternāns , alternāre ; alternate v., -ant suffix¹.

Etymology: Originally < classical Latin alternant-, alternāns, present participle of alternāre (see alternate v.). In later use independently < altern- (in alternate v.) + -ant suffix¹. Compare French alternant (1519 in Middle French in an isolated attestation, subsequently from the 19th cent.), use as adjective of present participle of alterner (see alternate v.). Compare earlier alternate adj. and later alternating adj. N.E.D. (1884) also gives the pronunciation as (æ̆ltə̄·ɹnănt) /ælˈtɜːnənt/, as also does the source cited in quot. 1847 at sense A. 2.

A. adj.

1. Alternate, alternating. rare in later use.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > change > alternation > [adjective] > alternating

interchangeable1561

interchanginga1586

vicissitudinary1624

alternanta1638

reciprocalc1645

alternating1653

up and down1812

intercurrent1842

commutative1844

a1638 R. Ayton Eng. & Lat. Poems (1963) 144 Before alternant Ioyes Did promise some releife, Now care and love conspired in one Have sworne my Endless greife.

a1640 T. Jackson Exact Coll. Wks. (1654) 3243 Whatsoever is mutably good or mutably evil..hath its alternant motions from Gods decree.

1995 D. M. P. Mingos Essent. Inorg. Chem. 1 (1997) 21 Hexagonal close packed arrangement of iodide ions with the cadmium ions occupying octahedral sites in alternant layers.

†2. Mineralogy. Consisting of alternating layers or laminae. Obsolete. rare.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > minerals > mineral structure or appearance > [adjective] > layered or stratified

stratiformed1811

alternant1847

banded1859

1847 J. Craig New Universal Dict. Alternant, applied in mineralogy, when a rock is composed of alternating layers or laminae, as in some varieties of Gneiss.

3. Mathematics. Designating a matrix or determinant that is an alternant (sense B. 2).

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > numerical arrangement > [adjective] > of array > relating to matrices > qualities

adjoint1856

transposed1858

adjugate1867

orthogonal1891

alternant1892

positive definite1904

skew-symmetric1911

skew-symmetrical1911

unipotent1921

Hermitian1927

non-Hermitian1930

1892 Ann. Math. 6 105 Consider the alternant determinant function, Fx.

1945 Biometrika 33 198 This confluent alternant form of X is non-singular and therefore a reciprocal matrix can be determined.

2005 A. Jeffrey Math. for Engineers & Scientists (ed. 6) xv. 700 It follows that these may be removed as factors of |W|, showing that Eqn (15.9) implies the vanishing of an alternant determinant |A|, where |A| = [etc.].

4. Chemistry. Designating a cyclic (or polycyclic) conjugated hydrocarbon whose rings each contain an even number of carbon atoms (which from the point of view of molecular orbitals fall alternately into two groups having different polarities).

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > hydrocarbons > [adjective] > other hydrocarbons

naphthenic1931

alternant1947

adamantoid1973

1947 C. A. Coulson & H. C. Longuet-Higgins in Proc. Royal Soc. 192 19 As we move along any chain of unsaturated bonds the atoms will belong alternately to one set and to the other. For this reason we shall refer to such a hydrocarbon as an alternant hydrocarbon.

1967 I. L. Finar Org. Chem. (ed. 5) I. xxx. 808 Pyridine is an even-membered ring, and so is an alternant compound.

1980 M. Orchin et al. Vocab. Org. Chem. iii. 64 Alternant hydrocarbons possess complementary bonding and antibonding orbitals.

2000 Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. 122 10012/2 Naphthalene is an alternant hydrocarbon.

B. n.

1. Logic.

a. An alternative proposition or term. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical proposition > [noun] > disjunctive or alternative proposition

discretivec1525

disjunctive1533

disjunction1588

alternant1790

alternation1883

partitive judgement1895

disjunct1921

1790 W. Pilling Let. to Rev. Joseph Reeves 30 Whoever said, no man is an ass, said just as much as he who said, neither Peter, not Paul, &c. is an ass... For, Sire, a particular negative, is always included in its universal alternant.

1912 Mind 21 263 The argument..proves that there are alternants of universals like isosceles and scalene with respect to triangularity.

b. Each of the terms of an alternation (alternation n. 5b); = disjunct n.²

ΚΠ

1892 W. E. Johnson in Mind 1 237 The alternants of the alternative synthesis a·b.

1921 W. E. Johnson Logic I. iii. 31 In the alternative function ‘Either p or q’ p and q are alternants.

1957 J. G. Brennan Handbk. Logic vi. 95 If at least one of the alternants must be true, then if one of them is false, the other is true.

1995 T. Tymoczko & J. Henle Sweet Reason i. 8 This alternation is logically true, so it is true now, and so one of its alternants must be true now.

2. Mathematics. A quantity characterized by alternation of some kind; spec. a matrix or determinant in which every element of a column consists of the same function, and every element of a row has the same argument (or vice versa).

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > [noun] > particular qualities > variable

function1758

variable1816

alternant1880

1880 T. Muir in Proc. Royal Soc. Edinb. 10 102 When the elements of the first row of a determinant are all positive integral powers of one quantity, the elements of the second the like positive integral powers of another quantity, and so on, the determinant is called an alternant.

1933 L. M. Milne-Thomson Calculus Finite Differences i. 9 This important determinant is usually called an alternant.

1955 Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 6 88 Brunn..proved a theorem on a determinant (an alternant) the elements of which are elementary symmetric functions of positive variables.

1992 Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 114 898 These papers reveal how to generalize the one-dimensional notion of an alternant, a set of points on which the maximal deviation is achieved with alternating sign.

3. Linguistics. Any of the possible variants of a particular feature of speech or language. Cf. alternation n. 6.morpheme alternant: see morpheme n. Compounds 2.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > [noun] > variation or variant

alternance1826

alternation1894

alternant1925

1925 Language 1 134 We find the M. vowel as ι (1) the short alternant of M.1..in the quantitative variation of M. vowels.

1926 L. Bloomfield in Language 2 160 Absence of sound may be a phonetic or formal alternant.

1942 B. Bloch & G. L. Trager Outl. Ling. Anal. 57 We call the three forms /-ez, -z, -s/ alternants of the same morpheme.

1987 Eng. Today July 40/3 Dictionaries are not agreed on whether amaze and maze are historical alternants.

1995 Lang. in Society 24 555 29 suggests that these alternants extend semantically not only to ‘what’ but also to ‘who’ and ‘whom’.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	alternant
释义	alternantadj.n. Brit. /ˈɔːltənənt/, /ˈɒltənənt/, U.S. /ˈɔltərnənt/, /ˈɑltərnənt/ Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: Latin alternant- , alternāns , alternāre ; alternate v., -ant suffix¹. Etymology: Originally < classical Latin alternant-, alternāns, present participle of alternāre (see alternate v.). In later use independently < altern- (in alternate v.) + -ant suffix¹. Compare French alternant (1519 in Middle French in an isolated attestation, subsequently from the 19th cent.), use as adjective of present participle of alterner (see alternate v.). Compare earlier alternate adj. and later alternating adj. N.E.D. (1884) also gives the pronunciation as (æ̆ltə̄·ɹnănt) /ælˈtɜːnənt/, as also does the source cited in quot. 1847 at sense A. 2. A. adj. 1. Alternate, alternating. rare in later use. ΘΚΠ the world > time > change > alternation > [adjective] > alternating interchangeable1561 interchanginga1586 vicissitudinary1624 alternanta1638 reciprocalc1645 alternating1653 up and down1812 intercurrent1842 commutative1844 a1638 R. Ayton Eng. & Lat. Poems (1963) 144 Before alternant Ioyes Did promise some releife, Now care and love conspired in one Have sworne my Endless greife. a1640 T. Jackson Exact Coll. Wks. (1654) 3243 Whatsoever is mutably good or mutably evil..hath its alternant motions from Gods decree. 1995 D. M. P. Mingos Essent. Inorg. Chem. 1 (1997) 21 Hexagonal close packed arrangement of iodide ions with the cadmium ions occupying octahedral sites in alternant layers. †2. Mineralogy. Consisting of alternating layers or laminae. Obsolete. rare.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > minerals > mineral structure or appearance > [adjective] > layered or stratified stratiformed1811 alternant1847 banded1859 1847 J. Craig New Universal Dict. Alternant, applied in mineralogy, when a rock is composed of alternating layers or laminae, as in some varieties of Gneiss. 3. Mathematics. Designating a matrix or determinant that is an alternant (sense B. 2). ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > numerical arrangement > [adjective] > of array > relating to matrices > qualities adjoint1856 transposed1858 adjugate1867 orthogonal1891 alternant1892 positive definite1904 skew-symmetric1911 skew-symmetrical1911 unipotent1921 Hermitian1927 non-Hermitian1930 1892 Ann. Math. 6 105 Consider the alternant determinant function, Fx. 1945 Biometrika 33 198 This confluent alternant form of X is non-singular and therefore a reciprocal matrix can be determined. 2005 A. Jeffrey Math. for Engineers & Scientists (ed. 6) xv. 700 It follows that these may be removed as factors of \|W\|, showing that Eqn (15.9) implies the vanishing of an alternant determinant \|A\|, where \|A\| = [etc.]. 4. Chemistry. Designating a cyclic (or polycyclic) conjugated hydrocarbon whose rings each contain an even number of carbon atoms (which from the point of view of molecular orbitals fall alternately into two groups having different polarities). ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > hydrocarbons > [adjective] > other hydrocarbons naphthenic1931 alternant1947 adamantoid1973 1947 C. A. Coulson & H. C. Longuet-Higgins in Proc. Royal Soc. 192 19 As we move along any chain of unsaturated bonds the atoms will belong alternately to one set and to the other. For this reason we shall refer to such a hydrocarbon as an alternant hydrocarbon. 1967 I. L. Finar Org. Chem. (ed. 5) I. xxx. 808 Pyridine is an even-membered ring, and so is an alternant compound. 1980 M. Orchin et al. Vocab. Org. Chem. iii. 64 Alternant hydrocarbons possess complementary bonding and antibonding orbitals. 2000 Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. 122 10012/2 Naphthalene is an alternant hydrocarbon. B. n. 1. Logic. a. An alternative proposition or term. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical proposition > [noun] > disjunctive or alternative proposition discretivec1525 disjunctive1533 disjunction1588 alternant1790 alternation1883 partitive judgement1895 disjunct1921 1790 W. Pilling Let. to Rev. Joseph Reeves 30 Whoever said, no man is an ass, said just as much as he who said, neither Peter, not Paul, &c. is an ass... For, Sire, a particular negative, is always included in its universal alternant. 1912 Mind 21 263 The argument..proves that there are alternants of universals like isosceles and scalene with respect to triangularity. b. Each of the terms of an alternation (alternation n. 5b); = disjunct n.² ΚΠ 1892 W. E. Johnson in Mind 1 237 The alternants of the alternative synthesis a·b. 1921 W. E. Johnson Logic I. iii. 31 In the alternative function ‘Either p or q’ p and q are alternants. 1957 J. G. Brennan Handbk. Logic vi. 95 If at least one of the alternants must be true, then if one of them is false, the other is true. 1995 T. Tymoczko & J. Henle Sweet Reason i. 8 This alternation is logically true, so it is true now, and so one of its alternants must be true now. 2. Mathematics. A quantity characterized by alternation of some kind; spec. a matrix or determinant in which every element of a column consists of the same function, and every element of a row has the same argument (or vice versa). ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > [noun] > particular qualities > variable function1758 variable1816 alternant1880 1880 T. Muir in Proc. Royal Soc. Edinb. 10 102 When the elements of the first row of a determinant are all positive integral powers of one quantity, the elements of the second the like positive integral powers of another quantity, and so on, the determinant is called an alternant. 1933 L. M. Milne-Thomson Calculus Finite Differences i. 9 This important determinant is usually called an alternant. 1955 Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 6 88 Brunn..proved a theorem on a determinant (an alternant) the elements of which are elementary symmetric functions of positive variables. 1992 Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 114 898 These papers reveal how to generalize the one-dimensional notion of an alternant, a set of points on which the maximal deviation is achieved with alternating sign. 3. Linguistics. Any of the possible variants of a particular feature of speech or language. Cf. alternation n. 6.morpheme alternant: see morpheme n. Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > [noun] > variation or variant alternance1826 alternation1894 alternant1925 1925 Language 1 134 We find the M. vowel as ι (1) the short alternant of M.1..in the quantitative variation of M. vowels. 1926 L. Bloomfield in Language 2 160 Absence of sound may be a phonetic or formal alternant. 1942 B. Bloch & G. L. Trager Outl. Ling. Anal. 57 We call the three forms /-ez, -z, -s/ alternants of the same morpheme. 1987 Eng. Today July 40/3 Dictionaries are not agreed on whether amaze and maze are historical alternants. 1995 Lang. in Society 24 555 29 suggests that these alternants extend semantically not only to ‘what’ but also to ‘who’ and ‘whom’. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < adj.n.a1638
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