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单词 liberty
释义

libertyn.1

Brit. /ˈlɪbəti/, U.S. /ˈlɪbərdi/
Forms: Middle English lybarte, Middle English–1500s liberte, Middle English–1500s libertee, Middle English–1500s lyberte, Middle English–1500s 1700s lybertee, Middle English–1600s liberti, Middle English–1600s libertie, 1500s libartie, 1500s libartye, 1500s lybartye, 1500s lybertie, 1500s lyberty, 1500s lybertye, 1500s–1600s libertye, 1500s– liberty, 1900s– libertys (plural, in sense 8); Scottish pre-1700 lebarte, pre-1700 leberte, pre-1700 leberttie, pre-1700 leiberti, pre-1700 liberte, pre-1700 libertee, pre-1700 libertie, pre-1700 libertye, pre-1700 lyberte, pre-1700 lybertie, pre-1700 1700s– liberty.
Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French liberté; Latin lībertāt-, lībertās.
Etymology: < (i) Anglo-Norman libertee, Anglo-Norman and Middle French liberté freedom from constraint or necessity, free will (late 12th cent. as livreteit , after livrer liver v.) (in plural) freedoms or immunities (accorded to a town, etc.) (1266), state or condition of someone who is not dependent on a master (1324), state of someone who is not in captivity (1365), (of a community) freedom, independence (c1370), state of someone who loves his independence (1395), district over which the jurisdiction of a town extends (a1411), absence of social or moral constraint in behaviour, boldness or brazenness in speech (1538), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin lībertāt-, lībertās civil status of a free man, freedom, political freedom, independence, freedom from physical restraint or obstruction, freedom or opportunity (to do something), freedom or release (from an obligation), freedom to act as one pleases, unrestricted control (of), (in rhetoric) licence in the use of language, independence of character, frankness of speech, excessive freedom in behaviour, lack of restraint, freedom personified, in post-classical Latin also freedom from the law (Vulgate), freedom from the bondage of sin (late 4th cent. in Augustine), privilege, franchise (frequently from 8th cent. in British sources), area of privilege (11th cent.; frequently from 12th cent. in British sources) < līber free (see liberal adj.) + -tās (see -ty suffix1; compare -ity suffix). Compare Spanish libertad (13th cent.), Portuguese liberdade (1338), Italian libertà (1319). Compare libertine n.In liberty of will n. at Phrases 2a after post-classical Latin libertas arbitrii (early 3rd cent. in Tertullian); compare also Middle French liberté de volonté (c1370), and earlier free will n. With liberty of conscience n. at Phrases 2c compare Middle French, French liberté de conscience (late 16th cent.).
I. The state or condition of being free.
1.
a. Theology. Freedom from the bondage or dominating influence of sin, spiritual servitude, worldly ties, etc.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > aspects of faith > spirituality > sin > [noun] > freedom from
libertyc1384
society > faith > aspects of faith > law > [noun] > freedom from
liberty1823
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) 2 Cor. iii. 18 Forsoth where is the spirit of God, there is liberte [L. libertas].
?a1430 T. Hoccleve Mother of God l. 76 in Minor Poems (1970) i. 54 Þat vn-to libertee, Fro thraldam, han vs qwit.
1526 Bible (Tyndale) James i. 25 Whosoever loketh in the parfait lawe off libertie, and continueth there in.
1542 T. Becon Pleasaunt Newe Nosegaye sig. K.vjv This spiritual liberte maketh vs not free from our obedience & dutye towarde the temporal power.
1604 S. Hieron Preachers Plea in Wks. (1620) I. 482 This libertie, which Christians haue, is a spirituall libertie, a heauenly liberty, a liberty of the soule..which setteth the soule at liberty from destruction.
1702 T. Shepherd Three Serm. iii. 67 We greatly sin, if we allow of so gross an Infringement of our Christian Liberty.
1769 J. Gill Body Doctrinal Divinity I. i. ii. 53 The glorious liberty of the children of God by Christ.
1823 C. Simeon Let. 13 May in W. Carus Memoirs Life Rev. Charles Simeon (1847) xxv. 587 The boundaries of Christian liberty and Christian duty.
1852 J. Adshead Progress Relig. Sentiment xxi. 45 The liberty which Christ hath purchased for believers under the gospel, consists in their freedom from the guilt of sin, the condemning wrath of God, [etc.].
1925 Times 13 June 17/4 That harmony of life with the Divine Will which brings men to a perfect liberty.
1965 T. Merton Seasons of Celebration 154 Let us turn to St Paul and try to grasp the real meaning of our Christian liberty.
2007 G. Tinder Liberty 347 The ideal of an inner liberty—from sin, or radical evil—which renders outer liberty a secondary, or even unimportant, consideration.
b. Freedom or release from slavery, bondage, or imprisonment.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > lack of subjection > freedom or liberty > [noun]
freedomeOE
freeshipa1225
freelagec1225
franchisec1300
libertyc1405
largesse1487
c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Manciple's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 70 His libertee this bryd desireth ay.
a1450 (?c1421) J. Lydgate Siege Thebes (Arun.) (1911) l. 3508 (MED) Kyng lygurgus graunted a pardoun To this lady that..She was restored to her liberte.
c1500 (?a1475) Assembly of Gods (1896) l. 1272 By duresse & constreynt to put thys creature Cleerly from hys liberte.
c1530 A. Barclay Egloges ii. sig. Lij The caytyf begger hath meate & lyberte.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Psalms xvii[i]. 19 He brought me forth..in to lyberte.
1611 Bible (King James) Isa. lxi. 1 To proclaime libertie to the captiues. View more context for this quotation
1691 A. Wood Athenæ Oxonienses II. 146 He had his liberty upon bayle of 40000l.
1727 D. Defoe Syst. Magick i. iii. 72 Moses and Aaron were to assure Pharaoh that God sent them, and they were in his Name to demand Liberty for the Children of Israel.
1766 Gazetteer & New Daily Advertiser 24 Jan. Of the very great number of debtors that were in confinement, not more than a third obtained their liberty.
1822 Times 6 July 3/5 They took to the castle about 800 of the gardeners.., whom by dint of threats of instant death, and promises of liberty, they forced to confess..where any property had been hid.
1852 H. B. Stowe Uncle Tom's Cabin I. vii. 84 She gazed..on the sullen, surging waters that lay between her and liberty.
1907 E. Harding Demetrian xii. 148 I promised to hold myself at the disposal of the investigating magistrate and was given my liberty.
1951 Proc. Amer. Acad. Jewish Res. 20 223 The rule where a statuliber was captured and ransomed, and had to pay 10,000 sesterces for his liberty.
1998 B. Gaucher & J. Lowman in R. P. Weiss & N. South Comparing Prison Syst. ii. 91 In addition to all the other strains they experience at the point of losing their liberty, newly admitted cons who smoke would be forced to go cold turkey.
c. Freedom from arbitrary, despotic, or autocratic control; independence, esp. from a foreign power, monarchy, or dictatorship. Cf. civil liberty n. 2.cap of liberty, Daughters of Liberty, tree of liberty, etc.: see the first element.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > lack of subjection > freedom or liberty > [noun] > civil liberty
freedomeOE
libertyc1405
civil liberty1614
c1405 (c1375) G. Chaucer Monk's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 474 This world hadde hym [sc. Holofernes] in awe For lesynge of richesse of libertee.
1484 W. Caxton tr. Subtyl Historyes & Fables Esope ii. i. f. xliv Lyberte shold not be wel sold for alle the gold and syluer of all the world.
1565 T. Cooper Thesaurus at Libertas To defende the libertie of the common weale.
1649 N. Culpeper Physicall Directory sig. A The Prize which We now..play for is The Liberty of the Subject.
1654 J. Bramhall Just Vindic. Church of Eng. i. 4 They..vindicate that liberty left them as an inheritance by their Ancestours, from the incroachments..of the Court of Rome.
1690 J. Locke Two Treat. Govt. ii. iv. §22, in Wks. (1727) II. 165 The Liberty of Man, in Society, is to be under no other Legislative Power, but that established by Consent in the Commonwealth.
1759 R. Jackson Hist. Rev. Pennsylvania 289 Those who would give up essential Liberty, to purchase a little temporary Safety, deserve neither Liberty nor Safety.
1789 E. Burke Let. Nov. in Corr. (1967) VI. 41 You hope, Sir, that I think the French deserving of Liberty? I certainly do.
1845 J. S. Mill Ess. II. 244 The modern spirit of liberty is the love of individual independence.
1854 J. S. C. Abbott Napoleon (1855) II. xxvii. 493 Be careful not to suffer liberty to degenerate into license, or anarchy to take the place of order.
1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People viii. §5. 500 Eliot died, the first martyr of English liberty, in the Tower.
1917 T. Roosevelt Foes our Own Househ. iii. 63 The Americans of 1776, although predominately English by blood, fought their own kinsmen to establish their liberty.
1958 P. Gibbs Curtains of Yesterday 96 A Liberal of the old tradition.., always on the side of the under-dogs, the liberty of the small nations, and humanitarian ideals.
1963 Times 21 Feb. 15/5 Of course, the Poles in London had not Churchill's heavy burden in trying..to save as much liberty and territory as he could for Poland.
2002 Independent 23 May 17/1 The issue is a simple one of self-determination, democracy and liberty. The people of Gibraltar show no desire whatsoever for closer links with Spain.
2.
a. The condition of being able to act or function without hindrance or restraint; faculty or power to do as one likes.See also personal liberty n. at personal adj., n., and adv. Compounds.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > lack of subjection > freedom or liberty > freedom of action or from restraint > [noun]
freedomOE
freenesslOE
libertya1393
licence?a1400
wilfulnessc1460
immunity1549
latitude1605
voluntariness1612
liberum arbitrium1642
free agencya1646
libertinism1649
unrestrainedness1698
unrestraint1755
relaxity1759
head1804
laissez-aller1818
unrestrictedness1825
uninhibitedness1947
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vii. l. 2815 He kepte his liberte To do justice and equite.
c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Clerk's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 145 I me reioysed of my libertee That selde tyme is founde in mariage.
a1413 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (Pierpont Morgan) (1882) v. l. 285 It lay not in his liberte No wher to gon.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 298 Suche as writeth in ryme use in this thyng their lyberte.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Comedy of Errors (1623) ii. i. 7 A man is Master of his libertie . View more context for this quotation
1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding ii. xxi. 118 The Idea of Liberty, is the Idea of a Power in any Agent to do or forbear any Action.
1706 tr. D. Duncan Wholesome Advice against Abuse Hot Liquors xix. 234 This heat opposes the Liberty of Circulation..by the extraordinary Rarefaction it produces in the Blood.
1781 W. Cowper Truth 195 Thought, word, and deed, his liberty evince, His freedom is the freedom of a prince.
1831 E. J. Trelawny Adventures Younger Son I. 45 I've liberty now—not under the pennant—do as I like.
1872 A. De Morgan Budget of Paradoxes 464 We have a glorious liberty in England of owning neither dictionary, grammar nor spelling-book.
1873 P. G. Hamerton Intellect. Life (1876) x. vii. 372 The liberty of the wild bee.
1904 Med. Rec. 7 May 755/2 The lower part [of the corset] was tightly laced and the upper part left loose, giving full liberty to lungs and stomach.
1958 J. F. Rippy Lat. Amer. ii. 31 The masses of the people had little liberty or opportunity for individual initiative.
1974 Backpacker Winter 35/1 Liberty was always more important than anything else. He once figured that he could support himself by working only six weeks a year.
2002 M. Booth in B. B. Brown et al. World's Youth vii. 218 ‘Islamic dress’ can mitigate the difficulties girls encounter in urban environments;..it can paradoxically offer them more liberty of movement.
b. Philosophy and Theology. The fact of not being controlled by or subject to fate; freedom of will. Frequently opposed to necessity. Cf. liberty of will n. at Phrases 2a.Freedom is now the more common term (see freedom n. 5).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > free will > [noun]
freedomeOE
free will1340
arbitryc1374
advisementa1398
freedom of will?c1400
liberty?c1400
wilfulnessc1460
liberal arbitre?1483
contingencec1530
indifferencya1555
contingency1561
freedom of thought1591
self-willingness1591
volunt1611
voluntariness1643
uncommandedness1646
autexousy1678
volency1686
inconditionality1696
unconditionalitya1714
indifference1728
volition1738
vacancy1754
voluntarity1794
autonomy1803
unconditionalness1843
unconditionedness1854
?c1400 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (BL Add. 10340) (1868) iv. pr. vi. l. 3844 Men weren wont to maken questiouns..of þe ordre of destine..and of þe lyberte of fre wille.
?c1425 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Cambr. Ii.3.21) (1886) v. pr. ii. 118 Wherfore in alle thinges þat reson is, in hem also is liberte of wyllynge and of nyllynge.
1565 B. Googe tr. ‘M. Palingenius’ Zodiake of Life (new ed.) viii. sig. DD.iij May these be counted for to haue free wyll and libertye?
1654 Hobbes (title) Of Libertie and Necessitie.
1692 D. Williams & M. Sylvester in R. Baxter Protestant Relig. To Rdr. sig. A3v Men have but just so much, and no more moral Liberty, and power, as they have of Gods Grace to relieve their vitiated Wills.
1720 J. Clarke Enq. Cause & Origin Evil 143 These are Calamities which Mankind are subject to, in common with all other animal Creatures; But they are endued moreover with Reason and Liberty.
1760 London Chron. 5 June 547/3 That Almighty being..without invading the liberty and free will of his creatures, can turn the passions and desires of their hearts to fulfill his own righteousness.
1803 Monthly Rev. Feb. 173 Were we to enter fully into the arguments here adduced for and against Liberty, we should trespass on our other engagements.
1868 A. Bain Mental & Moral Sci. 415 (heading) Liberty and Necessity.
1904 G. L. Scherger Evol. Mod. Liberty iii. 72 While philosophical liberty consists in the exercise of one's own will, political liberty consists in security.
1964 Mind 73 489 Such a view implies..that there is such a thing as an idea of ‘I’. Apparently this is what liberty excludes.
2009 L. Schnauder Free Will & Determinism in J. Conrad's Major Novels ii. 23 This liberty or freedom is also sufficient for moral approval and disapproval.
c. Chiefly in plural. Each of those social and political freedoms which are considered to be the entitlement of all members of a community; a civil liberty. Cf. liberty of speech n. at Phrases 2b, liberty of conscience n. at Phrases 2c, liberty of religion n. at Phrases 2d. In early use not always distinguishable from sense 6a.
ΚΠ
c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) l. 4348 For all oure libertes elike ere lante vs & paysed; And to sett him in-to seruitute a syn vs it thinke.
1534 G. Ferrers tr. Bk. Magna Carta f. 1v We haue graunted also and gyuen to all the fremen of our realme for vs and our heyres, for euermore, these lyberties vnderwryten.
1610 J. Robinson Justif. Separation from Church of Eng. 25 He himself so iudgeth vs: eyther excluding vs from the common libertyes of mankynde, as wormes and no men; or [etc.].
a1770 J. Jortin Serm. (1787) I. vi. 122 Yet we may shew the same temper..by loving our religion and liberties better than the wages of slavery and iniquity.
1889 Overland Monthly Apr. 446/2 By the assertion and maintenance of their liberties when circumstances favored, these Maroons proved the fitness of the African for freedom.
1924 Amer. Mercury Sept. 105/1 The Woodrovian assault upon the Constitutional liberties of the citizen in the so-called espionage legislation of 1917.
2004 H. Kennedy Just Law (2005) ii. 31 It ran a railroad through our basic liberties and protections but it was such a boon for the powers that be they clung to it like molluscs.
3.
a. Freedom to do a specified thing; permission, leave. Frequently with to or (now rare) of.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > lack of subjection > permission > [noun]
leaveeOE
yleaveOE
willOE
grant?c1225
thaving?c1225
grantisea1300
licence1362
grace1389
pardona1425
libertyc1425
patiencec1425
permission1425
sufferingc1460
congee1477
legencea1500
withganga1500
favour1574
beleve1575
permittance1580
withgate1599
passage1622
sufferage1622
attolerance1676
sanction1738
permiss-
society > authority > lack of subjection > freedom or liberty > freedom of action or from restraint > [noun] > scope or free opportunity
roomeOE
leisure1303
libertyc1425
free chase1467
scope1534
roomtha1540
swinge1542
swing1584
blank charter1593
freedom1623
field1639
play1641
free agencya1646
range1793
expatiationa1848
leaveway1890
open slather1919
headroom1932
c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) i. l. 2026 Ȝouthe haue no liberte To specifie þat her hert wolde; Þei kepe hem cloos.
c1450 (?c1408) J. Lydgate Reson & Sensuallyte (1901) 131 (heading) A lady callyd Curtesy, whiche graunted him lyberte to goo wher him lyst.
1463 in S. Tymms Wills & Inventories Bury St. Edmunds (1850) 22 (MED) I will she haue hire liberte at alle leffull tymes to go in to the chapell.
a1500 (?a1422) J. Lydgate Life Our Lady (Adv.) in W. B. D. D. Turnbull Visions of Tundale (1843) 112 For they in hart rejoysed not a lyte On hym to loke that they have lybarte.
1526 Bible (Tyndale) Acts xxvii. 3 Iulius..gave him liberte to goo vnto his frendes.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) ii. ii. 9 All Offices are open, and there is full liberty, from this present houre.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Comedy of Errors (1623) v. i. 53 Youthfull men, Who giue their eies the liberty of gazing. View more context for this quotation
1671 J. Milton Paradise Regain'd i. 365 I enjoy Large liberty to round this Globe of Earth. View more context for this quotation
1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones VI. xvi. viii. 67 You have my full Liberty to apply it to what Purpose you please.
1796 Bp. R. Watson Apol. for Bible (ed. 2) 190 You have the liberty of doing so.
1833 H. Martineau Briery Creek i. 4 Bid him come in and wait for liberty to talk.
1841 C. Dickens Barnaby Rudge iii. 248 Have they no liberty, no will, no right to speak?
1906 ‘H. Foulis’ Vital Spark vi. 38 I'm only the captain, thirty-five shullin's a-week and liberty to put on a pea-jecket.
1972 Whitaker's Almanack 1177/2 The liberty of an owner of land to develop and use it as he will.
1986 T. Mo Insular Possession xxiii. 273 If it means the liberty of affronting, calumniating and defaming one another, I, for my part, own myself willing to part with my share of it.
2002 A. N. Wilson Victorians xvii. 248 Those states which insisted on their liberty to secede from the Union.
b. Unrestricted use of or access to a specified thing; free run of a place.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > [noun] > opportunity or practice of using > unrestricted use
libertya1616
run1755
a1616 W. Shakespeare Measure for Measure (1623) iv. ii. 149 He hath euermore had the liberty of the prison. View more context for this quotation
1621 H. Elsynge Notes Deb. House of Lords (1870) 22 He desyres not to be at libertye, but to have the libertye of the house.
1630 J. Wadsworth Eng. Spanish Pilgrime (new ed.) viii. 90 I was freed from the Cage..and had the liberty of the dungeon.
1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 132 I might be more happy in this Solitary Condition, than I should have been in a Liberty of Society.
1724 D. Defoe Mem. Cavalier (1840) 270 They allowed him the liberty of the town.
1813 J. Austen Pride & Prejudice I. iv. 31 He was now provided with a good house and the liberty of a manor. View more context for this quotation
1857 E. Bennett Border Rover xxx. 416 I was allowed the liberty of the village.
1900 Harper's Mag. Dec. 112/1 There was one superb black and white Angora cat which had the liberty of the shop and was not confined in a cage.
1953 F. P. Summers William L. Wilson & Tariff Reform ii. 24 So he was accorded war prisoner status and promptly given liberty of the grounds.
2007 N. Novik Empire of Ivory xiii. 312 The crammed-in passengers having been given the liberty of the quarterdeck, for light and exercise.
c. Nautical. Leave of absence; shore leave. Frequently in on liberty.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > [noun] > leave of absence > for sailors
shore leave1593
liberty1758
run1821
shore liberty1906
beacher1946
1758 J. Blake Plan Marine Syst. 12 They shall be allowed to complete the remainder of the aforesaid time of liberty.
1758 J. Blake Plan Marine Syst. 13 The seaman ashore on liberty.
1821 Rep. from Comm. VI. 345 Has not that very much arisen from the practice of British sailors being permitted to visit Canton in large bodies together on liberty?
1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Breaking liberty, not returning at the appointed time.
1920 M. Moore Let. 11 June in Sel. Lett. (1998) 128 We have had a ‘big liberty’ in Panama City. Liberty at large I think they called it.
1981 V. N. McIntyre Entropy Effect ii. 48 The Enterprise seemed deserted, haunted, surreal, with its crew on liberty and its lights dimmed.
2007 J. L. Holloway Aircraft Carriers at War xi. 211 Liberty for sections 2 and 4 will commence at 0900 and will expire onboard at 1700 this afternoon.
4. With capital initial. Liberty personified, esp. as a woman.Chiefly with reference to sense 1c, and now also with reference to the Statue of Liberty.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > lack of subjection > freedom or liberty > [noun] > civil liberty > feminine personification of
liberty1508
1508 W. Dunbar Goldyn Targe (Chepman & Myllar) in Poems (1998) I. 189 Will, Wantonnes, Renon and Libertee.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Measure for Measure (1623) i. iii. 29 Libertie, plucks Iustice by the nose. View more context for this quotation
1645 J. Milton L'Allegro in Poems 32 The Mountain Nymph, sweet Liberty.
1768 L. Sterne Sentimental Journey II. 27 Liberty..no tint of words can spot thy snowy mantle.
1798 S. T. Coleridge France in Fears & Solitude 18 O Liberty! with profitless endeavour Have I pursued thee.
1818 H. Hallam View Europe Middle Ages I. i. 90 Liberty never wore a more unamiable countenance than among these burghers, who abused the strength she gave them.
1860 A. T. Bledsoe in E. N. Elliot Cotton is King, & Pro-slavery Arguments 407 Such a spirit is Liberty. At times she takes the form of a hateful reptile.
1886 M. F. Tupper My Life as Author 365 Liberty!.. Rise to thy height upon zenith-borne wings!
1941 C. Porter Compl. Lyrics (1983) 209 All the boys are hep to do their damndest..to defend Miss Liberty's rep.
1969 E. Campbell in P. Fonda et al. Easy Rider: Orig. Screenplay 28 Well, that's what happened to America, man. Liberty's become a whore, and we're all taking an easy ride.
1994 Amer. Rifleman Oct. (front cover) Stop the rape of Liberty.
2001 Chicago Daily Herald (Nexis) 19 Nov. 2 Let us never forget Sept. 11, 2001 The day that Liberty wept.
5.
a. Speech or action going beyond the bounds of propriety or custom; presumptuous behaviour; licence. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > lack of subjection > unruliness > [noun] > lack of restraint or excessive liberty
licencec1450
misgovernancec1460
liberty1529
licentiousness1553
loose1593
licentiateness1656
1529 T. More Dyaloge Dyuers Maters iii. ii. f. lxxiv/1 Set hym in a delyte of lyberte. Wherby wyth lenynge to hys owne wyt, he myght reken euery thyng good or bad as hymselfe wold accompte yt.
1558 J. Knox First Blast against Monstruous Regiment Women f. 6 Iohn the Baptist, whom Herode..had beheaded for the libertie of his tonge.
1562 R. Fills tr. Lawes & Statutes Geneua Ep. Ded. sig. *ivv They charge vs..with libertie and licenciousnesse.
1618 L. Andrewes Serm. Whitehall 5 Nov. 37 At this part of our seruice in holinesse, we demeane our selues with such libertie (nay licentiousnes rather) that holy it may be, but sure seruice it is not.
1670 C. Cotton tr. G. Girard Hist. Life Duke of Espernon i. iv. 146 A Captain that very well understood..the pest of great Bodies to be sloath and liberty, which debauch Souldiers from their Duty.
1713 H. Felton Diss. Reading Classics 25 The Poem [sc. Virgil's Aeneid] is still more Wonderful, since without the Liberty of the Grecian Poets, the Diction is so Great and Noble, so Clear..that [etc.].
1760 tr. Mary Queen of Scots in Ann. Reg. 1759 323/1 I made answer, by reproving that lady for believing, or speaking with such liberty of you.
1803 J. Mackintosh in Trial J. Peltier 164 No prosecutions, no criminal Informations followed the liberty and the boldness of the language then employed.
1878 Christian Treasury 34 553/1 Would I not be using liberty, unwarrantable liberty, should I take it at once and just as I am?
1906 A. C. P. Haggard Real Louis XV II. iii. 389 The Queen realised that she had less to fear from the favourite, who always treated her with becoming respect and humility, than she had from the disgraceful liberty of the Royal Princesses.
b. An instance of this; a presumptuous remark or action. Now usually with take: see Phrases 3.
ΚΠ
1567 G. Fenton tr. M. Bandello Certaine Tragicall Disc. v. sig. Nviv Yf at vnwares my tonge hath stollen a libertie in talkynge the thynge that hathe offended the eares of you [Fr. Ie ne sçache, ma Dame, auoir de ma vie dementy ma parolle par vn fait contraire de ce que me fera vne fois sorty de ma bouche, & moins auoir vsé d'aucune sorte façon de faire en descourtoisie].
a1616 W. Shakespeare Comedy of Errors (1623) i. ii. 102 Nimble Iuglers..Disguised Cheaters, prating Mountebankes; And manie such like liberties of sinne.
1638 R. Baker tr. J. L. G. de Balzac New Epist. III. 124 These liberties are not sufferable in the freest conversations, they draw on other more dangerous liberties.
1710 J. Swift Tale of Tub (ed. 5) Apol. sig. a4v Using no other Liberties besides that of expunging certain Passages.
1728 J. Gay Beggar's Opera i. vii. 8 If I allow Captain Macheath some trifling Liberties.
1868 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest II. vii. 118 Those who may venture on liberties with the men of far-gone times which to the historian are forbidden.
1881 B. Jowett tr. Thucydides Hist. Peloponnesian War I. Introd. 11 Thucydides has rarely..allowed himself liberties not to be found somewhere in other writers.
1908 E. F. Benson Climber 50 It is to do your duty and cultivate your mind. Also to cultivate other people's, you know, which I think is rather a liberty.
1959 R. Galton & A. Simpson Hancock's Half-hour (1987) 167 What a liberty. If the doctor comes round and sees you two eating winkles across my bed, what's he going to think?
1970 N. Pevsner Cambridgeshire (Buildings of Eng.) (ed. 2) 81 It is in the Tudor style with some typical liberties in the Arts and Crafts taste.
1999 J. Arnott Long Firm i. 39 That was quite a liberty, you know, walking out like that.
II. Specialized senses.
6.
a. Chiefly in plural. A privilege, immunity, or right enjoyed by prescription or grant. Cf. franchise n. 2a, 2b. Now chiefly historical.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > legal right > [noun] > body of rights
liberty1399
1399 Rolls of Parl.: Henry IV (Electronic ed.) Parl. Oct. 1399 Pleas §10. m. 2 Al other castels, maners, lordesshipes, possessions, fraunchies, and libertees, that thei haddene of the kynge's gyft atte that same daye.
?c1430 (c1400) J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 162 Þe lawis & þe libertes of holy chirche.
1467 in J. T. Smith & L. T. Smith Eng. Gilds (1870) 392 That he be disfraunchised of his libertees.
1557 Bible (Whittingham) Luke xxiii. 17 (note) The Romains had gyuen such franches and liberties to the Iewes.
1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. Contin. 1491/2 I thought meet to passe ouer the antiquitie of..Douer, with the liberties thereof.
1602 W. Fulbecke Pandectes 55 The Heluetians did bestow the liberties of their citie vpon Lewis the eleuenth.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) ii. iii. 215 They haue chose a Consull, that will from them take Their Liberties . View more context for this quotation
1669 A. Marvell Let. 4 Dec. in Poems & Lett. (1971) II. 94 After long debate what to do with the Lords in point of our libertys now.
1740 W. Cooper Honours Christ 12 We enjoy not only the Immunities and Liberties of natural Subjects born in the Realm of England, but have some additional ones granted and affirmed to us by a Royal Charter.
1848 J. J. S. Wharton Law Lexicon (at cited word) A liberty to hold pleas in a court of one's own.
1855 W. H. Prescott Hist. Reign Philip II of Spain I. i. v. 145 The liberties of the commons were crushed at the fatal battle of Villalar.
1910 C. H. McIlwain High Court of Parl. & its Supremacy 54 A promise on the part of the King..that in future the customary privileges, franchises, and liberties of the barons shall not be infringed.
1996 Columbia Law Rev. 96 1402 A King may grant a liberty to unload upon the bank of a port without the owner's consent.
2000 Renaissance Q. 53 479 Feudal tenures, obligations, honors, and liberties are portrayed in Britannia as elements of the social constitution.
b. As a mass noun: immunity, exemption, or privilege possessed by an individual or corporation. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > legal right > right of specific class, person, or place > [noun] > privilege or exceptional right
privilegeeOE
freedomeOE
freelagec1225
liberty1404
freedomship1583
franchisement1781
1404 Rolls of Parl.: Henry IV (Electronic ed.) Parl. Oct. 1404 §20. m. 9 Als ferre as he may be the lawe of his land or by his prerogatif or libertee.
1414 Rolls of Parl.: Henry V (Electronic ed.) Parl. Apr. 1414 §22. m. 3 So as hit hath evere be thair liberte et fredom, that thar sholde no statut no lawe be made of lasse than they yaf ther to their assent.
1612 J. Davies Discouerie Causes Ireland 138 Then had the Lord of Meth the same Royall libertie in that Territory.
1629 Vse of Law 10 in J. Doddridge Lawyers Light Many men of good quality haue attained by chance..within Mannors of their owne liberty of keeping Law dayes.
1647 T. Fuller Good Thoughts in Worse Times i. vi. 13 A grant of liberty, from Queene Mary to Henry Ratcliffe.
1710 H. Prideaux Orig. & Right Tithes iv. 195 Grant to be held by inheritance and with perpetual liberty.
1810 E. H. East Rep. Cases King's Bench VII. 415 The Duke..demised to H. Hudson, of Whitley, for 12 years, all the limestone quarries..with liberty to break ground, and dig and win limestones.
1913 Eng. Hist. Rev. 28 456 Most of them [sc. burghs] were..granted liberty to have a market, and given authority to have a gild merchant.
c. A district subject to a particular jurisdiction. Now chiefly historical.
(a) In England and Ireland: an area of local administration distinct from neighbouring territory and possessing a degree of independence. In extended use: a precinct, a domain. Also in plural in same sense.The existence of such areas caused difficulties esp. for the administration of justice; therefore in the 19th cent. various Acts of Parliament brought most liberties within the regular administrative structures for most purposes.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > territorial jurisdiction or areas subject to > [noun] > area over which jurisdiction exercised
land and ledeOE
regimenta1393
franchisea1400
right?a1400
obeisance1419
liberty?1435
English palec1453
palec1453
English palea1549
judgement1617
command1621
commandment1632
bourne1818
Crown land1849
rulership1882
overseas territory1900
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > town as opposed to country > town or city > [noun] > with adjoining territory > adjoining territory
territorya1398
freedom1423
liberty?1435
terroira1460
territor1466
fielda1533
lowy1576
nomarchy1656
territorium1720
?1435 in C. L. Kingsford Chrons. London (1905) 60 (MED) With Inne the Rewme weren late many hundredis and libertes and ffraunchises annexed to the shires, ffor the which the shereves weren charged in a certeyn somme ffor alle the shire.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) 1 Macc. x. 43 Who so euer they be that fle vnto the temple at Ierusalem or within the liberties thereof [L. in omnibus finibus ejus].
a1599 E. Spenser View State Ireland 23 in J. Ware Two Hist. Ireland (1633) To distraine the goods of any Irish, being found within their liberty, or but passing thorough their townes.
1659 W. Greenwood Βουλευτηριον 194 If there the Sherif or his Officer, shall enter the Liberty, and execute any processe there, the Lord of the Liberty, shall have an action of the case against him.
1690 tr. in R. Brady Hist. Treat. Cities 52 The Bayliffs of the Liberty of Caln and Worthe, who returned no Answer.
1735 J. Swift Let. to Middleton in Wks. IV. 208 I will begin the Experiment in the Liberty of St. Patrick's.
1778 S. Whatley England's Gazetteer (ed. 2) at Warwicksh. This county..is divided into four hundreds and one liberty.
1787 Generous Attachm. I. 144 The worthy knight demanded..what she meant by strolling into his liberty at that hour of the night.
?1812 Edinb. Encycl. (1830) V. 461/1 The liberties of the corporation [of Carlisle] extend a few yards without the site of the city walls.
1876 K. E. Digby Introd. Hist. Law Real Prop. (ed. 2) i. 52 When a large district comprising several manors was held by a single lord in whom was vested by grant or long usage the complete jurisdiction of the hundred, the district was called a liberty or honour.
1892 Law Jrnl. Rep. 61 29/2 The liberties are merged for all purposes of the Act into the administrative county.
1916 A. H. Thorndike Shakespeare's Theater iii. 44 The theater was built in 1576 in the fields in St. Leonard's parish, in the liberty of Holywell in Shoreditch.
1962 W. Macken Silent People (1965) v. 37 They were sitting on stones outside some of the thatched houses in the liberties.
1970 N. Pevsner Cambridgeshire (Buildings of Eng.) (ed. 2) 259 The Isle of Ely was a liberty and almost a County Palatine in which for many purposes the Bishop had the authority otherwise reserved for the King.
2004 E. Ruge in B. Müller Censorship & Cultural Regulation in Mod. Age 43 It was definitely within the liberty of the Cathedral, exempt from the city's jurisdiction.
(b) The district outside a city over which its jurisdiction extends. Also in plural in same sense.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > territorial jurisdiction or areas subject to > an administrative division of territory > [noun] > administrative division of borough, town, or city
ward1377
liberty1455
overward1485
out-parish1577
aldermanry1598
city ward1640
in-parisha1676
out-ward1701
1455–6 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VI (Electronic ed.) Parl. July 1455 §55. m. 2 Within þe said citee and libertee of þe same.
1510 in Vicary's Anat. Bodie of Man (1888) App. viii. 210 Commaundement gyven to the Surgeons of this Citie, that they..dwell within the libertie of this Citie.
1659 J. Rushworth Hist. Coll. 199 Within and without the Walls of the City of London, and in the Liberties and Nine out Parishes.
1688 London Gaz. No. 2404/4 An Ancient Office..hath been Established and Used within this City and Liberties thereof..for all Publick Sales of Goods.
1716 Daily Courant 14 June 1/2 Great Numbers of idle, vagrant, and disorderly Persons, do Daily wander up and down the Streets, Lanes, and publick Markets of this City, and the Liberties thereof.
1763 in G. Lamoine Charges to Grand Jury (1992) 389 Lord Lieutenant and Custos Rotulorum of the County of Middlesex, and City and Liberty of Westminster.
1846 C. Dickens Dombey & Son (1848) iv. 24 The offices of Dombey and Son were within the liberties of the city of London, and within hearing of Bow Bells.
1894 C. Creighton Hist. Epidemics Brit. II. 85 The Liberties of the City and the out-parishes were covered with aggregates of houses.
1912 W. G. Bell Fleet St. in Seven Centuries iv. 73 The gates closed the walled city within itself from sunset till sunrise, leaving the liberties unprotected.
1946 Eng. Hist. Rev. 61 236 Any townsman or ‘fforener’ found forestalling any corn within the liberty of the city should forfeit 6s. 8d. on each occasion.
2004 A. L. Moote & D. C. Moote Great Plague ii. 55 The mayor ordered all householders and shopkeepers in the city and liberties to clean the street in front of their places every day.
(c) Chiefly in plural and also with capital initial. An area outside a prison within which, on payment of a security, certain prisoners, esp. debtors, were permitted to reside. Cf. rule n.1 6.Used esp. with reference to the Fleet, Marshalsea, and King's Bench prisons in London.
ΚΠ
1702 Flying Post 11 Aug. Carter, who did therein summon the Adventurers to meet within the Liberties of the Fleet (in which he is a Prisoner).
1793 N. Chipman Rep. & Diss. i. 14 This was an action on a bond assigned by the sherriff..conditioned, that Joel Ely..should not depart the liberties of said prison.
1839 C. Dickens Nicholas Nickleby xlvi. 455 The Rules are a certain liberty adjoining the prison, and comprising some dozen streets in which debtors who can raise money to pay large fees..are permitted to reside.
1872 Compiled Laws Michigan 2 ccxxxvi. 2021 The defendant may give notice that..such prisoner voluntarily returned to the jail from which he escaped, or within the liberties thereof.
1904 C. T. Greve Centennial Hist. Cincinnati I. xxii. 347 Water could be had by digging a well which ought to be within the liberties of the prison.
1969 Master Drawings 7 15 Vanderbank was so deeply in debt..that he was arrested several times and obliged to live within the Liberties of the Fleet.
1995 R. B. Outhwaite Clandestine Marriage in Eng. ii. 31 Brown estimates that by 1740 over 6,600 marriages a year were taking place in the Liberties, the vast majority of them blatantly irregular in form.
7. More fully liberty of the tongue. An upward curve in the mouthpiece of a horse's bit; = port n.3 3. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping or management of horses > horse-gear > [noun] > bit > parts of
cannon?1561
cheek?1561
port?1561
player1566
upset mouth1566
rowel1590
mouth1607
upset1607
liberty1667
mouthpiece1728
top-roll1728
cheekpiece1864
branch1884
bit-maker1902
1667 Duke of Newcastle New Method to dress Horses iv. 344 The Apuy must be made in the True place, where it ought to be, which is about Ones Little Fingers breadth beyond the Liberty, on both sides of the Bitt.
1696 W. Hope tr. J. de Solleysel Compl. Horseman i. lxxxi. 225 A Gorge de Pigeon, or Canon mouth with the Liberty after the form of a Pigeons Neck; whose liberty will a little disengage his Tongue.
1705 tr. G. Guillet de Saint-Georges Gentleman's Dict. i. at Bitt Several other sorts [of bit-mouth]; all with different Liberties for the Tongue, or without Liberty.
1884 E. L. Anderson Mod. Horsemanship i. v. 17 The mouth-piece should have a liberty for the tongue, so that the bit may take effect upon the bars of the mouth. The size of this liberty, or port as it is called, should depend upon the size of the tongue of the horse.
1900 F. Rogers Man. Coaching (1901) xv. 361 The mouth-piece usually has the form shown in Fig. 88, B, with a port or liberty of the tongue.
8. With capital initial. = Liberty ship n. at Compounds 2.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > trading vessel > cargo vessel > [noun] > mass-produced in U.S.
liberty1941
Liberty ship1941
1941 Olean (N.Y.) Times-Herald 12 Sept. 18/4 Decision will be made later on how many of these 500 will be Libertys, how many will be tankers, and how many will be the standard types of fast cargo vessels.
1943 Pop. Mech. Apr. 78/1 The superstructure of a Liberty now takes a couple of days to move into place and assemble.
1945 Seafarers Log 3/2 The first of the Liberties to be scrapped, the Banvard was delivered into service on April 8, 1943.
1966 Times 3 June 12/1 This hack work is done at the moment very largely by the Liberties, of which about 700 of the original 2,700 are still in active service.
2006 D. F. White Bitter Ocean (2007) xiv. 202 Every Liberty was indistinguishable from her hundreds of sister ships.

Phrases

P1. Adverbial or predicative phrases with at.
†a. at the liberty of: in the power of; at the disposal of. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > control > in control or charge [phrase] > under one's control
at the liberty ofc1425
in a person's handc1430
in hand1999
c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) iv. l. 5126 (MED) Whanne þei wern at her liberte..allone prively, Þis Anthenor..Gan his purpos..expresse.
1477 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Hist. Jason (1913) 150 Yf I nowe had her at my liberte I shold make her to deye a cruell deth.
1542–3 Act 34 & 35 Hen. VIII c. 27 §77 The shireffe..maie awarde a Capias ad satisfaciendum..or elles a Fieri fac. at libertie of the partie pursuant.
1547 Certain Serm. or Homilies sig. Iiijv They take this for a great benefite of God, to haue all at their awne libertie.
1642 tr. J. Perkins Profitable Bk. v. §319. 141 It is at the Libertie of the wife to have dower.
1698 J. Norris Pract. Disc. Divine Subj. IV. 303 'Tis at their Liberty whether they will do any Works of Mercy and Charity or not.
b. at liberty.
†(a) As one pleases; by one's own choice; = Phrases 1c(a). Obsolete.
ΚΠ
c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) ii. l. 5743 (MED) Licour..Lothneth tongis, & doth hem loude carp And causeth hem to walke at liberte..Wiþoute avys or discrecioun.
1607 C. Lever Queene Elizabeths Teares sig. C2v Painefull to get, but lost at libertie.
(b) Not imprisoned or confined; unrestricted, free. In early use also †at all (also good) liberty.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > lack of subjection > freedom or liberty > free or at liberty [phrase]
at largec1391
at one's largec1405
at libertyc1425
at one's largesse1487
at more large1523
c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) ii. l. 710 (MED) Eueryche from oþer to be sette a-sonder, Þat þei myȝt, for more comodite, Eche be hem silfe werke at liberte.
c1450 (?a1405) J. Lydgate Complaint Black Knight (Fairf.) l. 661 in Minor Poems (1934) ii. 409 (MED) Ye may to-gedre speke What-so yow list at good liberte.
1509 J. Fisher Mornynge Remembraunce Countesse of Rychemonde (de Worde) sig. B.iii He beyng in so grete glorye aboue and at all lyberte.
1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III i. i. 134 More pitty that the Eagle should be mewed, While keihts and bussards prey at liberty.
1611 M. Smith in Bible (King James) Transl. Pref. 11 They..had rather haue their iudgements at libertie in differences of readings, then to be captiuated to one.
1684 J. Dryden tr. L. Maimbourg Hist. League 163 Who dar'd not to arrest any of them singly, the two remaining being at liberty.
1713 F. Bragge Undissembled & Persevering Relig. xiii. 417 Conscience is then generally at Liberty and Acts without Restraint.
1768 H. Brooke Fool of Quality III. xvi. 238 Sir, said the under keeper [of the jail], there are few men now at liberty wealthier than this Gentleman.
1858 A. Trollope Three Clerks III. xvi. 295 ‘If you knew it was coming,..why didn't you tell a chap?’ ‘I was not at liberty,’ said Mr. Snape, looking very wise.
1882 J. A. Alexander in J. L. Watson Life R. S. Candlish xv. 174 His right arm was at liberty.
1930 W. M. Mann Wild Animals in & out of Zoo iv. 62 He lived half at liberty about camp until our collection grew so that it was necessary to cage him.
1980 Texas Monthly July 170 Society was not going to gain by leaving Lee Otis at liberty.
1990 Daily Tel. 23 May 18 His task was to check that another Abwehr agent, codenamed Tate by MI5, was still at liberty operating independently.
(c) With infinitive. Free, able, or authorized to do something. Frequently in negative contexts.In quot. 1692 with indirect question.
ΚΠ
c1503 R. Arnold Chron. f. xxx/2 That euery freman be at liberte to bye and selle eueri wt other.
1585 C. Fetherston tr. J. Calvin Comm. Actes Apostles i. 5 The Lord openeth the prison for them that they may be at libertie to fulfil their function.
1652 C. Cotterell tr. G. de Costes de La Calprenède Cassandra v. 70 When..I was at liberty to reflect upon that Adventure, I found in it great causes of affliction.
1692 R. L'Estrange Life Æsop in Fables (1708) 2 The Reader is at Liberty what to Believe and what Not.
1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 109. ⁋1 Some particular Matters, which I am not at Liberty to report.
1796 W. Cliffton Group 20 After..I was at liberty to contemplate, more fully, the physiognomy of the figures before me, I soon discovered three or four faces which varied essentially from the rest.
1801 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 5 173 If they should accord with the spirit of your very valuable Journal, you are at full liberty to insert them.
1866 J. Martineau Ess. Philos. & Theol. 1st Ser. 26 He is quite at liberty to think so.
1920 B. Cronin Timber Wolves 9 In the seclusion of the outback they are at liberty to revert to grossness unspeakable.
1971 L. Bangs in Who put Bomp! Fall 79 The name of which I am not at liberty to repeat here.
2000 New Yorker 10 July 78/3 Whether our heroines break out I am not at liberty to divulge.
(d) to set at liberty: to set free, to liberate.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > lack of subjection > freedom or liberty > liberation > set free [verb (transitive)] > from confinement
unbindc950
to let freec1000
aletOE
to let out1154
loosea1225
slakec1374
loosen1382
to let goc1384
releasec1384
unloosec1400
unlockc1410
dissolvec1420
relievec1450
unloosen?a1475
to set at liberty1509
enlargea1513
to let at large1525
to let loose1530
to turn loose?1566
enfranchise1569
to turn up1573
enfranch1581
unkennel1589
unwind1596
to cast loosec1600
disimmure1611
disimprison1611
unhamper1620
to let abroad1633
unfold1633
disencloister1652
disencage1654
discagea1657
disincarcerate1665
eliminate1745
unspherea1806
unmew1818
unbottle1821
uncage1837
unbag1854
bust1921
1509 J. Fisher Serm. Henry VIJ (de Worde) sig. B.ijv Our lord taketh into his custodye the lytell & humble persones. I was humbled & he set me at lyberte.
1526 Bible (Tyndale) Luke iv. f. lxxixv Frely to sett att liberte them that are brused.
1570 J. Foxe Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) I. 136/2 If she would apply to his request, she shoulde be..set at liberty.
1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 323 He..confessed hee would vndertake for the Wolfe, if they would set him at liberty.
a1649 W. Drummond Hist. Scotl. (1655) 102 He was inconstant..in setting at liberty the man who would prove his Executioner.
1710 I. Newton & J. Ellis Let. Sept. in I. Newton Corr. (1975) V. 69 She was again committed to prison & convicted..& was set at liberty upon giving security to transport herself.
1758 A. Reid tr. P. J. Macquer Elements Theory & Pract. Chym. I. 253 Its Acid being set at liberty.
1803 Edinb. Rev. Apr. 163 The maniac appears perfectly composed..; but, if set at liberty, immediately becomes furious.
1896 Westm. Gaz. 20 Feb. 8/2 The Battersea colombophile, whose pigeons..are set at liberty and allowed to fly home.
1918 E. J. Dillon Eclipse of Russia x. 178 He showed them his passe-partout and they set him at liberty at once.
1968 Americas 24 387 He demanded that Iglesias be set at liberty.
1992 J. M. Kelly Short Hist. Western Legal Theory iii. 107 The ninth-century abbot Smaragdus..admonishes Christians to set their slaves at liberty.
(e) Available; unoccupied. In later use: spec. (of an actor or performer) out of work; available for employment.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > [adverb] > at leisure
in (good) leisurec1315
at leisurec1386
at one's leisure1481
aspare1653
at libertya1690
the world > action or operation > inaction > idleness, lack of occupation or activity > unoccupied [phrase]
out of play1661
at libertya1690
in dry dock1927
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > disadvantage > uselessness > non-use > not in use [phrase]
out of commission1533
at libertya1690
a1690 J. Rushworth Hist. Coll.: Fourth Pt. (1701) I. ii. 59 Their army was at liberty for further exploits.
1761 J. Mordant Compl. Steward I. 226 The Malt-house is a convenient edifice to lay any materials in out of the way; for most part of it will be at liberty, except a month or two in the year.
1847 C. Brontë Jane Eyre I. v. 75 I dressed as well as I could for shivering, and washed when there was a basin at liberty.
1853 E. C. Gaskell Cranford i. 4 I have no doubt they will call: so be at liberty after twelve.
1879 Era 20 July 16/2 (advt.) J. F. Walker and Mdlle. Amy Samwells will shortly be at Liberty. Acts consist of Jockey, Juggling Acts (Bareback), [etc.].
1919 Billboard (Cincinnati) 25 Oct. 74/4 (advt.) At Liberty—Snake charmer or geek man; would like to join show going south.
1946 L. P. Hartley Sixth Heaven v. 103 Miss Cherrington will be at liberty in a few minutes.
1997 M. A. Morrison John Barrymore i. 48 At liberty once again, Barrymore accepted the lead in yet another romantic comedy.
c. at one's (own) liberty.
†(a) As one pleases; by one's own choice; freely. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > wish or inclination > [adverb]
to one's willOE
by one's willOE
self-willesOE
after a person's willOE
a-willc1275
at willc1300
at one's (own) liberty1426
ad placituma1556
at pleasure1579
ad libitum1606
arbitrarilya1626
arbitrariously1653
discretionally1655
ad arbitrium1663
voluntarily1676
discretionarily1681
antecedently1682
discretionary?1707
ad lib1791
at one's own sweet will1802
at choice1817
at no allowance1858
1426 in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1827) 2nd Ser. I. 102 Att his owen fredam and libertee..for to mowe passe the See in parfourmyng of the said avowe.
a1475 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Life Man (Vitell.) l. 8386 Thow shalt no thyng do..But at thyn owne lyberte.
1480 in S. Tymms Wills & Inventories Bury St. Edmunds (1850) 63 Wherof my seyd chauntry priest to be one of them at his liberte.
1524 King Henry VIII in Buccleuch MSS (Hist. MSS Comm.) (1899) I. 220 To..were his bonet on his hed..aswel in our presence as elleswhere, at his libertie.
1581 T. Lupton Persuasion from Papistrie 6 You might at your owne libertie commit spiritual whordom with Idols, Images, & the Masse.
1613 J. Florio tr. M. de Montaigne Ess. (rev. ed.) i. xlii. 143 He cannot at his libertie travell to goe whether he pleaseth, being as it were a prisoner within the limits of his country.
(b) Not imprisoned, confined, or restricted; free to do as one likes. Also with infinitive.
ΚΠ
a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll. 13) (1990) I. 258 Were I at my lyberte as I was.
1485 W. Caxton in Malory's Morte Darthur Pref. sig. iij But for to..byleue that al is trewe that is conteyned herin, ye be at your lyberte.
1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan Bk. Fayttes of Armes iii. viii. 184 A man is not atte hys owne lyberte that byndeth hym self to another.
a1535 T. More Dialoge of Comfort (1553) iii. xiiii. sig. P.viiiv I wil be at my owne libertie, to do what me lust my self.
1645 in C. L. Ewen Witch Hunting & Witch Trials (1929) 291 Alicia Warner de Rushmere ffrely beeinge at her liberty confessed that she had enterteined certeine euill sperits.
1694 A. Tooke tr. F. Pomey Pantheon App. ii. §7 417 Virgil represents her [sc. Fury] in Chains thus... Petronius describes her at her Liberty, thus.
1750 J. Bellamy True Relig. Delineated i. §2 36 He is at his Liberty, in such Cases, and may act according to his own Discretion.
1797 J. Hawkins Hist. Voy. Coast Afr. 143 That the bonds they then bore were only to prevent their flight; that they should be at their liberty where they were going.
1836 Yorkshireman 5 120 He told me I was at my liberty and so we parted.
1883 Amer. Jrnl. Insanity 39 479 He was abroad each morning by five o'clock, and was at all times at his liberty.
1902 C. W. Brown Ethan Allen xvii. 271 He was..no sooner at his liberty than he sent to his brother Ethan a formal challenge to single combat with pistols.
1999 J. van Willigen & N. K. Chadha Social Aging in Delhi Neighborhood iv. 62 I can move around in the house at my liberty.
P2. Noun phrases with of.Many of the phrases listed here are paralleled by uses of freedom: see freedom n. Phrases.
a.
liberty of will n. (also liberty of the will) chiefly Philosophy and Theology free will; the ability to choose freely; (also) an instance of this.
ΚΠ
?1531 R. Whitford tr. Thomas à Kempis Folowynge of Cryste f. liiv The false lybertie of wyll and the ouermoche truste that we haue in our selfe be moche contrary to the heuenly vysytacyons.
a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 21 Many men utturly take away the lyberty of wyl.
1688 G. Miege Great French Dict. ii. sig. Oo/3 Liberty of Will, franc Arbitre.
a1745 T. Cockman Select Theol. Disc. (1750) I. 207 Being endowed by God..with a Liberty of Will, to chuse the one, and to refuse the other.
1814 H. F. Cary tr. Dante Vision III. v. 21 Supreme of gifts which God..gave Of his free bounty..Was liberty of will.
1868 A. Bain Mental & Moral Sci. 400 These terms are supposed to involve..the Liberty of the Will.
1912 C. H. Moore in H. W. Smyth Harvard Ess. Classical Subj. iv. 121 Only thus may one attain to freedom and live in the liberty of the will.
1957 R. H. Fife Revolt Martin Luther ix. 157 He follows his school in explaining the entry of original sin as a corollary to the liberty of the will.
2005 J. A. Harris Of Liberty & Necessity vi. 148 The veridicality of natural belief in liberty of will.
b.
liberty of speech n. freedom to express one's opinions without censorship, legal penalty, or any other restraint, esp. when regarded as a right.
ΚΠ
?1572 J. Hooker Order & Vsage Keeping of Parlements sig. Hi Also euery person hauing voices in Parlement: hath free libertie of speach to speak his minde, oppinion and iudgement to any matter proponed.
1647 J. Hall Poems Pref. sig. A3 Justice it self cannot deny me liberty of speech before sentence.
1763 Lloyd's Evening Post 27–30 May 507/2 The distinction is also one of the chief pillars of the liberty of speech without doors, and of the liberty of the press.
1849 J. R. Beard Illustr. Divine in Christianity 301 Liberty of thought and liberty of speech are the gift of my Creator. From him I hold them, not from man nor from society.
1875 Dublin Rev. 25 129 Already the liberty of speech of the bishops and clergy had been seriously menaced.
1908 J. Mackinnon Hist. Mod. Liberty III. v. 70 Whilst thus eager to persecute Papists, the Commons were very zealous for liberty of speech for themselves.
2006 J. B. White Living Speech i. 29 As Americans we are committed to our liberties, to our liberty of speech above all.
c.
liberty of conscience n. freedom to follow one's own beliefs in matters of religion and morality, esp. when regarded as a right.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > worship > [noun] > freedom of
liberty of consciencea1555
society > authority > lack of subjection > freedom or liberty > freedom of action or from restraint > [noun] > freedom of worship
freedom of conscience?c1400
liberty of consciencea1555
freedom of religion1573
a1555 N. Ridley Certein Conf. Ridley & Latimer (1556) f. 3 They redemed libertie of conscience with the bondage of the bodie.
a1572 J. Knox Hist. Reformation Scotl. in Wks. (1846) I. 364 To suffer euerie man to leaf at libertie of conscience.
1580 J. Hay in Catholic Tractates (1901) 61 Quhy in the beginning of your new Euangell preached ye libertie of conscience.
1603 R. Johnson tr. G. Botero Hist. Descr. Worlde 250 That he woulde suffer them to inioy the libertie of their conscience.
1678 N. Wanley Wonders Little World v. i. §98. 4687 In the treaty of Passaw was granted Liberty of Conscience to the Professors of the Augustane Confession.
1725 Weekly Jrnl. 12 June The King, as you have heard, repeated his Declaration of Liberty of Conscience.
1797 True Briton 30 Aug. A promise which is not repugnant to liberty of conscience, but which may operate as a security for the Constitution.
1858 J. A. Froude Hist. Eng. (ed. 2) III. xvi. 360 Liberty of conscience has become a law of modern thought.
1892 W. R. Thayer Dawn Ital. Independence II. iv. iii. 54 Admit the claims of Protestants and freethinkers to liberty of conscience, and what would remain to the Pope?
1923 Harvard Theol. Rev. 16 32 His noble plea for Christian liberty of conscience.
1961 Times 9 Feb. 13/5 It is a quite intolerable invasion of individual liberty of conscience that any third party should seek to dictate to a woman on a matter of such importance.
2001 A. R. Murphy Conscience & Community vii. 250 Religious toleration and liberty of conscience also play a crucial historical role in Rawlsian liberalism.
d.
liberty of religion n. freedom to practise the religion of one's choice, esp. when regarded as a right.
ΚΠ
1573 tr. F. Hotman True Rep. Outrages Fraunce p. lxxxvii He that in fewe dayes before had by newe authoritie confirmed the libertie of Religion permitted by his Edicts of pacification.
a1624 R. Crakanthorpe Vigilius Dormitans (1631) xxxv. 444 Hee exclameth against the Emperor Theodosius, as if he had given toleration & free liberty of Religion to Arians, Eunomians, Manichees, Marcionites, Valentinians, & Montanists.
1739 Old Whig I. No. 4. 37 Unless this liberty of religion is the inherent right of every man, in every age and nation, it can never be the right of any man in any.
1846 United Secession Mag. Jan. 25/2 The liberty of religion was now placed in imminent hazard, both from popular outrage and from state encroachments.
1922 W. Lefferts Settlement of Pennsylvania iii. 22 Ever since he was a youth of eighteen he had joyfully dreamed of such a religious refuge for those who were persecuted. now his colony was to have liberty of religion.
2005 Jakarta Post (Nexis) 1 Oct. 7 The principle of the liberty of religion precludes any operation of any type of distinction between religions.
e.
liberty of the press n. freedom to print and publish anything without interference or censorship, esp. when regarded as a right; cf. freedom of the press n. at freedom n. Phrases f.See note at freedom of the press n. at freedom n. Phrases f.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > printing > publishing > [noun] > freedom of press
liberty of the press1633
freedom of the press1646
free press1679
press freedom1705
society > authority > lack of subjection > freedom or liberty > freedom of action or from restraint > [noun] > freedom of the press
liberty of the press1633
freedom of the press1646
1633 W. Ames Fresh Suit against Human Ceremonies Pref. sig. i4 To which purpose shall he so far prevayle with his Lord BB. that we may enjoy, the use of our books, the liberty of the presse, [etc.].
1680 R. L'Estrange (title) A seasonable memorial..upon the liberties of the presse and pulpit.
1681 W. Denton Jus Cæsaris ii. 1 (heading) An apology for the liberty of the press.
1727 Country Jrnl. 24 June 1/2 The Liberty of the Press, which being the chief Bulwark and Support of Liberty in general, hath been constantly looked on with an evil Eye by wicked Ministers.
1769 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. IV. xi. 151 The liberty of the press is indeed essential to the nature of a free state; but this consists in laying no previous restraints upon publications, and not in freedom from censure for criminal matter when published.
1771 T. Smollett Humphry Clinker II. 194 He said, he should always consider the liberty of the press as a national evil, while it enabled the vilest reptile to soil the lustre of the most shining merit.
1827 H. Hallam Constit. Hist. Eng. II. xv. 167 The liberty of the press consists, in a strict sense, merely in an exemption from the superintendence of a licenser.
1859 Harper's Mag. May 848/2 Those who are greatest foes to him, by reason of his despotic action, by reason of his curtailment of all liberty of the press.
1903 in Westm. Gaz. 11 Aug. 8/2 It has been pointed out over and over again,..that the licence of the Press is not the liberty of the Press.
1951 Times 25 July 3/4 There was, therefore, no reason why restriction of the liberty of the Press should be avoided.
2003 A. Craiutu Liberalism under Siege ix. 247 A new public sphere and social power protected by freedom of speech, liberty of the press, and freedom of association.
f.
liberty of spontaneity n. Philosophy and Theology the ability to choose without external influence or compulsion; voluntariness.
ΚΠ
1673 E. Polhill Divine Will ix. 444 Why hath a Will a liberty of Spontaneity to some Objects, but because the Understanding represents them as good pro hic & nunc?
1733 S. Fancourt Free-agency Accountable Creatures 14 When an Agent is free from an outward Necessity, or a Necessity of Force; but yet what it chuses, it is under an inward or natural Necessity to chuse; this Freedom..is called a Liberty of Spontaneity, or Voluntariness.
1828 A. Gerard & G. Gerard Evid. Nat. & Revealed Relig. ii. 104 That we have the liberty of spontaneity is certain from experience, and must be allowed by all who hold not man to be a mere machine.
1880 Southern Presbyterian Rev. 31 6 The liberty of spontaneity remains—the sinner pleases to sin. But the liberty of deliberate election between the spiritually right and the spiritually wrong is clean gone.
1948 Mod. Lang. Jrnl. 32 240 Especial attention should be drawn to two discourses on freedom of the will under the two aspects of ‘liberty of choice’ and ‘liberty of spontaneity’.
2005 T. Honderich On Determinism & Freedom iii. iv. 65 Determinists and others have traditionally thought they could have some liberty of spontaneity or other without the embarrassment of liberty of indifference.
g.
liberty of indifferency n. Philosophy and Theology (now rare) = liberty of indifference n. at Phrases 2h.
ΚΠ
a1652 J. Smith Select Disc. (1660) vii. ii. 292 Upon Adam's first transgression, that grand Liberty of Indifferency equally to Good or Evil began first to discover it self.
1695 Visct. Stair Vindic. Divine Perfections vi. 80 He [sc. God] limits the Acts of his Power by all his Moral Perfections, and by his liberty of Indifferency.
1729 S. Fancourt Ess. Liberty, Grace, & Prescience v. ii. 121 In such cases there is a liberty of indifferency in the divine Being it self; he is perfectly free to act either thus, or thus.
1741 T. Morgan Physico-Theol. iv. §1. 109 What some have seemed to contend for under the Notion of free Will, viz. a Liberty of Indifferency..is contrary to the general Law of Nature.
1857 H. P. Tappan Treat. on Will (new ed.) 594 He [sc. Locke] assents to a liberty of indifferency.
1995 S. Darwall Brit. Moralists & Internal ‘Ought’ (2003) vi. 162 In the first edition he [sc. Locke] had criticized the liberty of indifferency.
h.
liberty of indifference n. Philosophy and Theology the ability to make a completely free choice in any given set of circumstances; absolute free will; cf. indifference n.1 3.
ΚΠ
1680 W. Bates Soveraign & Final Happiness of Man ix. 192 The liberty of indifference is with respect to some particular good Things, which may be variously represented, so as to cause inclination or aversion.
1793 Monthly Rev. 11 497 We cannot help thinking that there is some inconsistency in our author's representing the liberty of indifference as an active faculty of chusing to act contrary to motives.
1845 Evangelical Guardian July 77 The ‘free will’ against which he contended is a liberty of indifference; a self-determining power, by which the will may choose without any motive or object.
1898 M. Chapman tr. P. Janet Theory of Morals vi. 369 In order to refute this idea of the liberty of indifference, it is not necessary to prove that it is impossible: it suffices to show that it is useless.
1921 A. K. Rogers Student's Hist. of Philos. (rev. ed.) 155 A freedom opposed to the mere causeless liberty of indifference which the Epicureans upheld.
2000 T. Penelhum Themes in Hume: Self, Will, Relig. (2004) vii. 141 Hume's second line of attack on liberty of indifference is the more practical one that we need predictability in human affairs in order to make our decisions.
i.
liberty of association n. freedom to socialize or form an association with whom one pleases, esp. when regarded as a right.
ΚΠ
1791 J. Bentham Panopticon 461 How then can the confinement be relaxed, unless it be by encreasing the already too great liberty of association?
1844 H. Heugh Notices of State of Relig. in Geneva & Belgium vi. 170 Both countries have inserted in their charter—‘Liberty of worship for all’; but in France this has become almost a dead letter, from the want of liberty of association.
1885 J. E. T. Rogers Brit. Citizen xxxi. 186 The most notable fact in the modern life of the Englishman, is the liberty of association which he enjoys.
1925 Observer 22 Nov. 15/5 M. Rocco, Minister of Justice, pointed out the difficulty hitherto of limiting liberty of association, because politicians in the past had held the theory of an unlimited liberty.
2009 B. M. Urbsaitis Wounded Healers & Reconciliation Fatigue v. 165 Such organizations may take for granted post-1994 democratic freedoms such as liberty of association, speaking out, taking action, and so on.
P3.
a. to take the (also †a) liberty (to do something): to be so presumptuous as (to do something); to venture (to do something) without first asking permission. Also (now frequently) to take the liberty of (doing something).
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > lack of subjection > freedom or liberty > freedom of action or from restraint > have freedom of action [verb (intransitive)] > take liberties
to be (so) boldc1385
to take (a or the) boldness1526
to take the (also a) liberty (to do something)1582
to make (so) bolda1616
free1889
society > authority > lack of subjection > freedom or liberty > freedom of action or from restraint > not restrain [verb (transitive)] > take liberty with or to do
to make or be bold withc1385
to take the (also a) liberty (to do something)1582
1582 G. Whetstone Heptameron Ciuill Disc. iii. sig. K.ij If she take the lyberty to walk, shee giueth other occasion to speake, & your selfe to sigh.
1625 F. Bacon Ess. (new ed.) 153 Mæcenas took the Liberty to tell him that [etc.].
1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica v. xx. 263 They took a liberty to compound and piece together creatures of allowable formes into mixtures inexistent. View more context for this quotation
1684 Proc. against Sir Thomas Armstrong 3/2 You take the Liberty of saying what you please; you talk of being robbed, no body has robbed you that I know of.
1704 N. N. tr. T. Boccalini Advts. from Parnassus II. 127 Catullus..took the Liberty to call the Nobleman Bastard.
1766 T. Pennant Brit. Zool. ii. 72 As the names..do by no means suit their colors, we have taken the liberty of changing them to others more congruous.
1818 Cobbett's Weekly Polit. Reg. 33 101 I will..take the liberty to give them..my opinion.
1887 W. W. Skeat Princ. Eng. Etymol. 454 The only objection to the title ‘Scandinavian’ is its length, on which account I shall take the liberty to shorten it to ‘Scandian’.
1939 ‘N. West’ Let. 5 Apr. in Novels & Other Writings (1997) 791 I'm taking the liberty again of sending you a set of proofs of a new novel.
1956 Rotarian Aug. 16/1 We might even take the liberty to say that he should never have been accepted in Rotary.
1995 C. Bateman Cycle of Violence xi. 188 My assistant manager took the liberty of entering her room and removing a letter she was writing.
b. to take liberties (or a liberty).
(a) To go beyond the bounds of propriety, custom, or convention; to behave or act presumptuously. Also with with.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrespect > be disrespectful [verb (intransitive)] > be unduly familiar
to take liberties (or a liberty)1594
1594 A. Hume Treat. Felicitie 62 They haue taken a liberty, they delight in wickednes, and followes the lusts and affections of their own hearts.
1643 J. Milton Doctr. Divorce 41 He..would little perplex his thought for the obduring of nine hunderd and ninety such as will daily take wors liberties.
1695 J. Edwards Disc. conc. Old & New-Test. III. iv. 174 Though the Verses end with the same Sound sometimes, yet generally they took a Liberty.
1739 Hist. Wks. Learned I. 83 (note) Mr. Dryden..takes great Liberties with the Authors he translates.
1749 J. Mason Ess. Power & Harmony Prosaic Numbers 71 The first Foot of the first Line..is defective by two short Syllables; which is a Liberty seldom taken.
1862 G. Borrow Wild Wales I. xii. 124 The creature [sc. a cat] soon began to take liberties, and in less than a week after my arrival at the cottage, generally mounted on my back, when it saw me reading or writing.
1883 J. Gilmour Among Mongols xxiii. 286 He thought I was taking some undue liberty with his dignity.
1924 A. A. Milne When we were very Young 57 Excuse me, Your Majesty, For taking of The liberty, But marmalade is tasty, if It's very Thickly Spread.
1979 N.Y. Mag. 14 May 75/1 Most uncommonly for our times, it [sc. a production of Molière's Misanthrope] does not take a single outrageous liberty.
1992 D. Robins Tarnished Vision v. 38 I will admit barnies with the Law, when some copper starts taking liberties.
(b) euphemistic. To engage in (esp. improper or unwelcome) sexual activity with a person.
ΚΠ
1696 J. Ovington Voy. Suratt 79 She takes her liberty with Subject or Foreigner, African or European at her will.
1719 D. Defoe Farther Adventures Robinson Crusoe 241 The poor Man had taken a little Liberty with a Wench.
1782 Gentleman's Mag. Aug. 402/1 The prisoner came into her room..and began taking those liberties with her that constituted the crime.
1811 Lexicon Balatronicum at Pound The boxer beat the fellow for taking liberties with his mistress.
1857 Times 22 Dec. 8/4 I never did..take indecent liberties with the producent.
1951 G. Heyer Quiet Gentleman x. 144 She was much inclined to think herself a fast girl, with whom gentlemen thought it proper to take liberties.
1967 Listener 23 Feb. 271/1 A scene in which he is wrongfully accused of ‘taking a liberty’ with one of the female guests.
2001 B. Shulgasser-Parker Funny Accent xvi. 168 The story of a crude adult taking liberties with a child.

Compounds

C1. General attributive and objective.
liberty-monger n. now rare
ΚΠ
1702 D. Defoe New Test Church Eng. Loyalty in Somers Tracts (1751) 4th Collect. III. 14 Stubborn, refractory, Liberty-Mongers.
1828 S. Smith in Lady Holland Mem. (1855) II. 290 Without making ourselves the liberty-mongers of all Europe.
1917 Times 9 Apr. 5/7 Bismarck explained the whole process of making sham domestic concessions in time of war and paying temporary ‘blackmail’ to the ‘liberty-mongers’.
liberty-loving adj.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > lack of subjection > freedom or liberty > [adjective] > zealous for or loving freedom
liberty-loving1773
eleutheromaniac1837
1773 Morning Chron. 9 Dec. Dear liberty-loving Woodfall.
1820 London Lit. Gaz. 9 Sept. 590/1 The story is founded on the prison escapes of that luckless and liberty-loving personage.
1897 Daily News 23 Jan. 7/2 The liberty-loving elements of our town.
1993 S. M. Elkins & E. L. McKitrick Age of Federalism viii. 309 America, having already shown the world with its own Revolution what a liberty-loving people could do.
liberty-taking adj. and n.
ΚΠ
1822 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Feb. 236/2 They never could bring their minds to address a respectable, real, elderly gentleman like yourself, in such terms as, ‘Dear Kit’,—‘Cock of the North’,..and others equally liberty-taking and low.
1836 Times 22 July 3/6 Mr. Hammond deserves great praise for his acting: there is with him no trickery—no liberty-taking.
2003 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 12 June 33/1 His reputation for liberty-taking and distortion is the spillover from his outlandish behavior.
2004 J. Feather Wedding Game viii. 154 The man..could be a charming and witty dinner companion, not to mention a liberty-taking carriage escort.
C2.
liberty act n. a circus act performed by riderless horses; cf. liberty horse n.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > circus performance > [noun] > item in
liberty act1923
spec1926
1923 Hartford (Connecticut) Courant 2 Aug. 12/1 The white horses in the liberty act, that is an act in which there is no direction, are almost priceless.
1933 P. Godfrey Back-stage xvii. 214 The training of a team of spirited thoroughbreds for the ‘Liberty’ or ‘Haute École’ acts.
2008 NBC News Transcripts (Nexis) 25 Mar. There's a beautiful miniature horse liberty act that's spectacular.
liberty boat n. Nautical a boat carrying sailors who have leave to go ashore.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > war vessel > [noun] > ship transporting troops or stores > carrying troops on leave
liberty boat1837
leave boat1912
1837 United Service Jrnl. Aug. 474 They knew..that the liberty-boat would be on shore for them at that hour.
1901 Daily Chron. 16 Nov. 4/3 The destroyer..ran down a liberty boat..with the loss of three lives.
2001 S. Winchester in Granta Spring 219 Some of the crew of two American ships..came across in their liberty boats, took us aboard and showed us around.
liberty bodice n. British (now historical) a close-fitting sleeveless under-bodice with reinforcing strips, originally designed to give more freedom of movement than a corset, and typically worn by children.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > underwear > [noun] > bodice
waistcoat1580
petticoat body1585
bodicea1625
jump1666
jacket bodice1856
camisole1866
spencer1881
bust bodice1889
liberty bodice1892
petticoat bodice1919
cami1995
1892 Glasgow Herald 4 June 1/6 (advt.) Symington's suspender bodices for Girls... Maids' Liberty Bodices.
1916 Child May 433/1 The ‘Liberty Bodice’ Factory, of Market Harborough, have made a speciality of the ‘Liberty Bodice’... The bodice is made of durable but soft and elastic material, and is porous and pliable and arranged with well-placed straps carried over the shoulders to take the weight of underclothes and stand the pull of suspenders.
1932 S. Gibbons Cold Comfort Farm xiv. 193 Give me my liberty bodice.
1973 Radio Times 18 Jan. 18/1 (advt.) The wiser you are, the more you appreciate the comfort of a liberty bodice.
2004 M. Oke Times of our Lives 69 We children wore vests, liberty bodices, warm, bloomer-style knickers, woollen stockings and jumpers, and warm skirts.
Liberty Bond n. (also with lower-case initial in the first or second element) any of a series of interest-bearing war bonds issued by the U.S. government in 1917–18; cf. Liberty Loan n.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > stocks and shares > stocks, shares, or bonds > [noun] > bond > types of bond
government securities1707
Sword-blade bond1707
long bond1720
government paper1774
indent1788
premium bond1820
active1835
preference bond1848
investment bond1853
mortgage bond1853
revenue bond1853
municipal bond1858
treasury-bond1858
sices1867
property bond1869
government1870
priority bond1884
municipal1888
income bonds1889
yearling1889
war baby1901
Liberty Bond1917
Liberty Loan1917
victory bond1917
corporate1922
performance bond1938
convertible1957
Eurobond1966
Euroconvertible1968
managed bond1972
muni1973
granny bond1976
bulldog bond1980
Euro1981
granny1981
strip1982
zero1982
1917 Decatur (Illinois) Rev. 3 May 11/3 The ‘liberty bond’ will be offered at par as a popular subscription, and ample opportunity will be given to every man and woman in the United States who wishes to subscribe.
1919 E. E. Cummings Let. 25 Nov. (1969) 64 Very nice of you all to include me in the liberty bond donation.
1959 I. Gershwin Lyrics on Several Occasions 313 I..drew out the $160 I had in a savings bank, sold a $50 Liberty Bond.., and opened a checking account at the State Bank.
2002 J. W. Markham Financial Hist. U.S. II. ii. 77 An estimated 20 million individuals bought Liberty Bonds during the war.
liberty cabbage n. U.S. (now historical) sauerkraut.Adopted during the First World War (1914–18) to avoid the German associations of sauerkraut.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > prepared vegetables and dishes > [noun] > sauerkraut
sour-crout1617
sauerkraut1633
sour crude1708
Kraut1790
choucroute1849
liberty cabbage1918
Weinkraut1955
1918 McKean Democrat (Smethport, Pa.) 21 Mar. 4/1 There is no longer any kraut; ‘Liberty Cabbage’ takes its place.
1918 N.Y. Tribune 25 Apr. 1/3 Enough sauer—beg pardon—Liberty cabbage is in storehouses here to feed the whole German army for several days.
1919 Hartford (Connecticut) Courant 29 Jan. 18 (advt.) Heinz Liberty Cabbage, three lbs. for 25c.
1967 Listener 18 May 642/1 In America it was more than a restaurant owner's life was worth to keep sauerkraut on the menu: it was changed to liberty cabbage.
2003 S. E. Katz Wild Fermentation v. 40/2 When the United States was at war with Germany, sauerkraut was temporarily dubbed ‘liberty cabbage’, the precursor of ‘freedom fries’.
Liberty Corps n. now historical (in Dublin) a working-class volunteer militia led by James Napper Tandy (1737–1803).
ΚΠ
1780 Whitehall Evening-post 26–29 Aug. He then read from some of the public papers, the Meetings and distinct Resolutions of the Merchants, the Dublin Independents, and the Liberty Corps.
1798 Morning Post 13 Dec. The Members of the Liberty Corps in Dublin have been summoned to attend a meeting on the subject of the Union.
1887 W. E. H. Lecky Hist. Eng. 18th Cent. VI. 360 The ‘Liberty’ corps of the volunteers—so called because it was recruited in the Earl of Meath's liberties.
1997 F. Cullen Visual Politics ii. 63 Napper Tandy's role as Captain and artillery commander of the Dublin Liberty Corps of the Volunteers is here greatly enhanced.
liberty day n. Nautical a day on which part of a ship's crew has leave to go ashore.
ΚΠ
1821 Trewman's Exeter Flying-post 10 May The abolition of the custom which permitted seamen to go, at particular periods, in large bodies, and under no control, to enjoy liberty-days on shore at Canton.
1840 R. H. Dana Two Years before Mast xii. 27 Sunday..is the liberty-day among merchantmen.
1913 Oakland (Calif.) Trib. 19 Mar. 19/2 Vallejo may play its Thursday games on Wednesday as that is ‘liberty day’ at the navy yard.
2007 C. H. Ramsey Boys of Battleship North Carolina iv. 87 Crew members were assigned liberty days according to their location on the ship.
liberty hall n. a (notional) place where one may do as one likes.Perhaps originally alluding to the patriotic song Liberty-hall (c1770), the last line of which runs ‘For Liberty-Hall is an Englishman's heart’.
ΚΠ
1773 O. Goldsmith She stoops to Conquer ii. 23 This is Liberty-hall, gentlemen. You may do just as you please.
1786 A. M. Bennett Juvenile Indiscretions I. 93 The instant his back was turned..the whole house became Liberty-hall.
1870 W. Collins Man & Wife III. lvi. 209 What will you do, while the women are getting your bed ready? Liberty Hall here... You do what you like.
1900 Leeds Mercury 17 Dec. 4/4 The Commons are more formal and fastidious than the Peers. The Gilded Chamber is Liberty Hall compared with that in which the elected representatives of the people..wear out their lives.
1995 Countryman Spring 68 Losehill Hall is liberty hall and you can follow your own devices whenever you wish.
liberty horse n. a circus horse which performs without a rider; cf. liberty act n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > horse defined by purpose used for > [noun] > show or circus horse
jibby-horse1601
desultory1653
liberty horse1853
ring horse1861
1853 N.-Y. Daily Times 7 July 5/5 (advt.) Grand Chariot Race, Flight of Liberty Horses, Acts of the Menege.
1882 Manch. Guardian 1 May 3/4 (advt.) Coloured and white leather trappings, for liberty horses, ring bridles, &c.
1952 N. Streatfeild Aunt Clara 103 The comedy horse turn was coming to an end, the liberty horses would follow.
2007 C. Kelly Children's World xi. 473 The liberty horses of Italy or England were less favoured than bears, dogs, and so on doing tricks.
† liberty-liquor n. Obsolete extra rations of alcohol.
ΚΠ
1813 T. Hodgskin Ess. Naval Discipline x. 153 No officers should be allowed to encourage it [sc. drunkenness] by granting to the seamen liberty-liquor as an indulgence.
1841 Times 19 July 6/6 The ship's company disposed of, in charitable purposes, the proceeds of the savings generally of liberty liquor.
1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. 441 liberty-liquor, spirits formerly allowed to be purchased when seamen had visitors; now forbidden.
Liberty Loan n. (also with lower-case initial(s)) now historical (a) a loan raised by the Russian provisional government in 1917 following the February Revolution; (b) each of the four issues of Liberty Bonds made by the U.S. government in 1917–18. [In sense (a) after Russian Zaëm′′ Svobody.]
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > stocks and shares > stocks, shares, or bonds > [noun] > bond > types of bond
government securities1707
Sword-blade bond1707
long bond1720
government paper1774
indent1788
premium bond1820
active1835
preference bond1848
investment bond1853
mortgage bond1853
revenue bond1853
municipal bond1858
treasury-bond1858
sices1867
property bond1869
government1870
priority bond1884
municipal1888
income bonds1889
yearling1889
war baby1901
Liberty Bond1917
Liberty Loan1917
victory bond1917
corporate1922
performance bond1938
convertible1957
Eurobond1966
Euroconvertible1968
managed bond1972
muni1973
granny bond1976
bulldog bond1980
Euro1981
granny1981
strip1982
zero1982
1917 Fort Wayne (Indiana) News 21 Mar. 16/6 New Russia proposes to raise a great ‘liberty loan’. Leaders of the provisional government today said plans were under way for floating of such a bond issue, to be subscribed by the people of Russia.
1917 Boston Daily Globe 29 Apr. 8 The terms of the Liberty Loan will be announced within 48 hours.
1922 B. J. Hendrick Life & Lett. W. H. Page II. xxii. 273 The American Government finally paid this over-draft out of the proceeds of the first Liberty Loan.
1959 J. Hohenberg Pulitzer Prize Story ii. 19 Gable..had worked for the Bell Telephone Company and the Liberty Loan drive in World War I.
1992 S. Kadish Bolsheviks & Brit. Jews ii. 60 Western Jewish financiers, including the Rothschilds,..now contributed to the Russian ‘Liberty Loan’.
2002 J. W. Markham Financial Hist. U.S. II. ii. 76 The total amount of money borrowed through the Liberty Loans was in excess of $18 billion.
Liberty Party n. any of various parties supporting or fighting for liberty; spec. (in the United States) a political party which campaigned for the abolition of slavery (now historical).
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > politics > American politics > [noun] > other parties
Liberty Party1705
republican1782
republican1799
prohibition party1855
Greenback party1875
Christian Right1947
religious right1973
1705 J. Hodges War betwixt Two Brit. Kingdoms 146 An Army having it in their Choice, to serve their King's Interest and their own, or to serve the Interest of a Liberty Party in England.
1837 Catholic Tel. 19 Oct. 365/2 He was during many years a leading political character with the Liberty party at Belfast.
1840 8th Ann. Rep. Mass. Anti-slavery Soc. 17 The ‘Liberty Party’, then, is nothing less than a radical change of the original anti-slavery organization.
1843 J. G. Whittier What is Slavery? in Prose Wks. (1889) III. 105 It is against this system..that the Liberty Party is, for the present, directing all its efforts.
1915 W. E. Griffis Mikado xxvii. 282 When the Jiyuto, or Liberty Party was formed, the very name startled some of the men in office and power.
2004 J. Stauffer Black Hearts of Men i. 24 The Radical Abolition party grew out of the Liberty and National Liberty parties.
liberty pole n. (also with capital initials) a tall mast or staff with a Phrygian cap or other symbol of liberty on the top.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > lack of subjection > freedom or liberty > liberation > [noun] > symbol of
cap of liberty1709
tree of liberty1765
liberty pole1769
liberty tree1769
1769 Cambr. Mag. Aug. 359/2 Several hundred hand bills..directing every body to meet at the Liberty Pole, on the next evening, at six o'clock, and there to consult what death I should die.
1789 G. Morris in J. Sparks Life G. Morris (1832) II. 70 The soldiers were then paraded in triumph to the Palais Royal, which is now the liberty pole of this city.
1861 Amer. Agriculturist July 202/2 The next day, we had a liberty pole raised a hundred feet high, and a flag hung out.
1946 National Geographic Mag. July 9/2 The ‘female forms’ carry wands or liberty poles surmounted by Phrygian caps.
2008 G. Keillor Liberty xix. 142 Two Knutes were straightening the Liberty Pole in front of the statue of the Unknown Norwegian.
† liberty post n. Obsolete a post marking the boundary of a city's liberties (sense 6c(b)).
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > edge, border, or margin > boundary > [noun] > land-boundary > boundary mark > post > specific
liberty post1647
1647 N. Nye Art of Gunnery ii. 50 The liberty post standing amongst the desolate ruines of Fore-gate street.
1764 V. Green Surv. Worcester xvii. 235 The water engine..is an invention of great utility to the inhabitants of the city, by conveying soft water to its remotest parts, from the Liberty post in the Foregate-street to the College grates, and eastwards to Silver-street and New-street.
1856 J. Noake Notes & Queries for Worcs. 84 At other times they were whipped from the bridge to the liberty-post in St. John's.
Liberty ship n. (also with lower-case initial in first element) a type of mass-produced merchant vessel made by the United States during the Second World War (1939–45).
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > trading vessel > cargo vessel > [noun] > mass-produced in U.S.
liberty1941
Liberty ship1941
1941 Long Beach (Calif.) Independent 10 June 8/3 A fourth major shipyard would get under way soon to build EC-2 Liberty ships under contract to the maritime commission.
1942 W. S. Churchill End of Beginning (1943) 183 The launching of the Patrick Henry, the first Liberty ship.
1966 C. R. Tottle Sci. Engin. Materials vii. 170 Some of the wartime ‘liberty’ ships fractured when lying in port, without operational loads.
2002 Guardian 16 Mar. 24/1 He worked as an apprentice engineer, making parts for Liberty ships in Oregon.
liberty ticket n. Nautical a document declaring that a sailor has leave to go ashore.
ΚΠ
1758 J. Blake Plan Marine Syst. 18 Such liberty-men..shall..forfeit all benefit from their liberty ticket.
1826 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Feb. 167/1 We were cooped up on board like a parcel of convicts; or at most, allowed a twenty-four hours' liberty-ticket to go on shore.
1918 Manch. Guardian 17 Sept. 8/2 The receipt of sugar-cards, ration coupons, railway passes, and liberty tickets.
1962 Times 13 Feb. 12/6 You know as well as I do that oh-nine-three-oh on your liberty ticket means oh-nine-three-oh at the main gate.
2002 C. McKee Sober Men & True vii. 220 That awful feeling as the train entered Portsmouth station. The patrol waiting to check that you had a liberty ticket.
Liberty Volunteers n. (also with lower-case initial in second element) now historical any of various volunteer groups or militias formed to promote or defend liberty.
ΚΠ
1779 London Chron. 4–7 Sept. 230/1 Yesterday at a meeting of the Independent Liberty Volunteers, they unanimously elected Sir Edward Newenham..their Colonel.]
1780 Whitehall Evening-post 20–22 Jan. The Knight, on obtaining a considerable fortune at the death of his aunt, gave a superb breakfast to the Liberty volunteers.
1902 Southwestern Hist. Q. 5 349 When the first troops were raised he, in command of the ‘Liberty Volunteers’, joined the army which, under Stephen F. Austin, was marching on Bexar.
1992 Dublin Hist. Rec. 46 23 Sir Edward Newenham was in command of the Liberty Volunteers which was estimated at 180 men.
† liberty-wife n. Obsolete rare a mistress.
ΚΠ
1825 Sweet William & Young Colonel ii, in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1886) II. iv. 291/1 I will not marry your sister, Altho her hair be brown; But I'll keep her for my liberty-wife, As I ride thro the town.

Derivatives

ˈlibertyless adj. (and n.) without liberty (also as n. with the).
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > [adjective] > deprived of liberty
unfreec1380
libertyless1643
unliberated1970
1643 T. Case Quarrell of Covenant ii. 51 Thy sword, Prelacy, hath made..many a faithfull Minister peoplelesse, houselesse and libertylesse.
1891 Union Pacific Employes' Mag. Aug. 197/2 The landless can be classes among the libertyless.
1931 Oakland (Calif.) Tribune 29 Nov. (Mag. & Fiction section) 6/7 So far this libertyless system has worked surprisingly well.
2001 D. van Mill Liberty, Rationality, & Agency in Hobbes's Leviathan iii. 52 Such agents are powerless but not libertyless.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

Libertyn.2

Brit. /ˈlɪbəti/, U.S. /ˈlɪbərdi/
Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: English Liberty.
Etymology: < the name of the department store Liberty, founded by Sir Arthur Lasenby Liberty (1843–1917) in 1875 in Regent Street, London.
I. Compounds
1. attributive. Designating articles, esp. textiles, sold or produced by the department store Liberty; characteristic or reminiscent of Liberty or its products.A proprietary name.Liberty originally sold goods imported from the East; it became particularly associated with the Arts and Crafts style, and the aesthetic and art nouveau movements.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric from specific place > [adjective] > from specific manufacturer
Liberty1882
Sulka1925
Laura Ashley1974
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > [adjective] > made by specific manufacturer > named manufacturer > in style of
Liberty1882
Laura Ashleyish1985
1882 Househ. Words 26 Aug. 338/1 A Newmarket jacket of the softest pink Liberty silk.
1888 Daily News 23 Apr. 6/4 Her dress was of two kindred shades of almost indescribable colour, belonging to the class now commonly known..as Liberty tints.
1890 Times 18 Nov. 15/5 Liberty furniture and decoration.
1894 W. J. Locke At Gate of Samaria (1895) ix. 103 It had long been dismantled of the Liberty curtains, Persian rugs, and cheap Japaneseries.
1901 Daily News 7 Mar. 8/4 Dresses and costumes (familiarly known as ‘Liberty’ gowns and frocks).
1923 R. Macaulay Told by Idiot i. vi. 31 She looked round the Liberty room.
1973 Country Life 8 Feb. 365/2 Coat and skirt in a natural-coloured Swiss cloth with a lining and blouse in Liberty lawn.
1993 K. Fassett Kaffe's Classics 53/1 I was asked to design a knitted garment to go with a wonderful Liberty fabric.
2. Liberty style n. the style characteristic of articles produced by Liberty; spec. (esp. with reference to Italy) art nouveau (cf. neo-Liberty n.).
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > period, movement, or school of art > late 19th and 20th centuries > [noun] > art nouveau
Liberty style1890
secession1896
nouveau art1902
New Art1903
art nouveau1908
squirm1909
Jugendstil1928
Modernismo1960
Sezessionstil1970
Modernisme1986
1890 Leeds Mercury Weekly Suppl. 25 Jan. 8/3 But simple as the Liberty style is, it can be made extremely handsome by the help of handsome lace, rich sashes, gold embroidery, and silver trimming.
1891 Daily News 19 Jan. 3/1 ‘Liberty styles’ are to be had in every large drapery establishment.
1904 G. Crosfield Two Sunny Winters in Calif. vii. 94 It is really a lovely house; extremely tasteful, in a restrained ‘Liberty’ style which they affect here.
1957 P. Selz Germ. Expressionist Painting vi. 62 The central pavilion of the Turin exhibition..was designed by Italy's leading exponent of the ‘Liberty Style’, Raimondo d'Avonco.
1990 Sunday Express 28 Jan. (Mag.) 69/2 It's [sc. a clock] typical of Liberty style, combining features of both the Arts and Crafts movement and Art Nouveau.
3. Liberty print n. any of the intricate (often floral) decorative patterns produced or sold by Liberty; a fabric having such a pattern.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric from specific place > [noun] > from specific manufacturer
Liberty1898
Liberty print1913
Laura Ashley1974
1913 Indianapolis Sunday Star 4 May 36 (advt.) Liberty prints are as famous as their fabric quality; these have all the beauty which novel Oriental designs and color can lend.
1941 Times 5 May 2/4 Liberty, Regent Street, have a comprehensive collection of frocks in their exclusive Liberty prints.
1952 Art Bull. 34 306 The practice of plagiarizing Eastern motifs for modern Western textiles has been indicated in speaking of the Liberty prints.
1977 Guardian 27 Apr. 11/4 I then chose two Liberty print outfits selling at vastly different prices.
2001 M. Clemente Riches of Paris iii. 170 The shop uses a lot of Liberty prints in its collection, crisp cottons that always create a fresh new look.
4. Liberty-coloured adj. rare having a colour characteristic of fabrics produced by Liberty.
ΚΠ
1913 R. Brooke Let. 22 Nov. (1968) 535 Hindus..in Liberty-coloured garments.
II. Simple uses.
5. Fabric made by or characteristic of Liberty.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric from specific place > [noun] > from specific manufacturer
Liberty1898
Liberty print1913
Laura Ashley1974
1898 Daily News 19 Nov. 6/2 Another instance of the vogue enjoyed by English materials on the Continent is the universality of the word ‘Liberty’.
1903 Daily Chron. 19 Sept. 8/4 Soft satin, called in Paris Liberty, is again being employed as a blouse fabric.
1909 Westm. Gaz. 1 Oct. 8/4 With pannier draperies over an under-skirt of Liberty.
2009 www.dressaday.com 28 Oct. (O.E.D. Archive) I have about seven or eight yards of Liberty en route to me from the UK.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

libertyv.

Brit. /ˈlɪbəti/, U.S. /ˈlɪbərdi/
Forms: late Middle English liberttid (past participle), 1500s lybertied (past participle), 1800s– liberty.
Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: liberty n.1
Etymology: < liberty n.1 Compare liberate v.
†1. transitive. To endow with freedoms or privileges. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > legal right > right of specific class, person, or place > [verb (transitive)] > invest with franchise or privilege
franchisea1325
privilegea1325
libertyc1425
charter1542
privilegiatea1575
endow1601
octroy1845
c1425 Bk. Found. St. Bartholomew's (1923) 16 The kynge..made this Chirche with all his pertynencis with the sam fredommys that his Crowne ys liberttid with, or ony othir chirch yn all Inglonde that is most y-freid.
†2. transitive. To give (a person) liberty to do something. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > lack of subjection > permission > permit [verb (transitive)] > give permission to
sufferc1290
libertya1513
leave1865
a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) II. f. xxxixv He was lybertied to be at large in the kynges Courte.
3. transitive. English regional (Wiltshire). To allow to run freely. Now rare.
ΚΠ
1893 G. E. Dartnell & E. H. Goddard Gloss. Words Wilts. Liberty, to allow anything to run loose. ‘It don't matter how much it's libertied’, the more freedom you give it the better.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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