custosn.

Brit.

/ˈkʌstɒs/, U.S.

/ˈkəˌstɑs/,

/ˈkəˌstoʊs/,

/ˈkʊˌstoʊs/

Inflections: Plural custodes, custoses.

Forms: late Middle English– custos, 1500s coustose (plural), 1500s custose (plural), 1500s custosies (plural), 1600s custosses (plural). Also with capital initial.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin custōs.

Etymology: < classical Latin custōs guardian, protector, member of a bodyguard, watchman, sentry, guard; of unknown origin. Compare custos rotulorum n., custos sigilli n.In plural form custodes after the Latin plural form. It is sometimes unclear whether specific examples of this plural form show the plural of custos n. or of custode n.¹ The naturalized forms coost’ and cowst’ (with abbreviations indicating a plural ending) also occur in a 16th-century document.

1. A person who has custody or guardianship of something; (the title of) a guardian or warden, esp. of a city, country, school, etc. Also in extended use.See also custos brevium n., custos rotulorum n., custos sigilli n.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > office > holder of office > public officials > [noun] > warden

custosc1450

guardian1495

subwarden1506

vice-warden1536

warden1538

custode1543

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > care, protection, or charge > [noun] > one who looks after > guardian or custodian

herd971

wardena1290

keepera1300

yemerc1330

looker1340

tutor1377

actorc1384

conservator1447

custosc1450

guardian1477

custodier?c1500

custode1543

guardant1592

custodian1602

supervisor1691

vigilant1822

c1450 in C. L. Kingsford Chrons. London (1905) 143 (MED) John Wellys whas maden be the kyng custos or wardeyn of Norwich.

1465 Rec. Mercers in W. Blades Biogr. & Typogr. W. Caxton (1877) 148 John lambert John Warde. John Baker John Alburgh. Custoses.

1523 Ld. Berners in tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. Pref. sig. A.ii/2 The vertue of history..hathe to her custos & kepar it (that is to say tyme) whiche consumeth the other writynges.

1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 158 The king..made Stephen Edworth Constable of the Tower, and Custos of the Citie of London.

1635 E. Pagitt Christianographie 197 In the absence and minority of the Kings..divers Clergymen have beene Custosses or Viceroyes of the Kingdome.

1672 E. Ashmole Inst. Order of Garter vi. 166 The Treasurer is appointed to distribute to the Custos, Canons &c. the Pensions and Allowances assigned to them.

1792 W. Boys Coll. Hist. of Sandwich in Kent 200 Two [scholars] to be placed and nominated by the said custos &c. and two by the governours of the free grammar-school in Sandwich.

1854 W. M. Thackeray Newcomes I. xvii. 167 The senior pupil and custos of the room.

1878 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. III. xviii. 112 On the 21st [April 1430] Gloucester was appointed lieutenant and custos of the kingdom.

1926 Irish Times 30 Sept. 9/7 The procession then proceeded to the site of the foundation stone, and the Custos of the College..declared the stone ‘well and truly laid’.

1997 S. Kelsey Inventing Republic 18 Several Rumpers were themselves county custodes, for example William Heveningham (in Suffolk).

2003 Church Times 21 Feb. 22/4 He [sc. The Rt Revd Edward Knapp–Fisher] retired to Chichester and became Custos of St Mary's Hospital.

2. In the Franciscan order of friars.

a. A guardian or warden of a house or of a subdivision of a province (province n. 4b). Now chiefly historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > church government > monasticism > religious superior > conventual head > [noun] > Franciscan

custodec1400

warden1420

guardian1466

custosc1525

pater-guardian1603

c1525 Rule St. Francis in J. S. Brewer & R. Howlett Monumenta Franciscana (1858) I. 565 (MED) That custos or wardene ys bounde..to kepe hym [sc. a friar] surely and strongly.

?1575 E. Hellowes tr. A. de Guevara Familiar Epist. (new ed.) 360 Going for Custos of my prouince of conception, in a generall Chapter, ioyntly with certayne religious Portingalls of my order bound to the same place.

1625 F. Bell tr. A. Daza Hist. Sister Ioane xiii. 126 Father Hierom of Cauanillas, reader Iubilate in diuinitie, and custos of the prouince of Valencia.

1674 P. Walsh Hist. & Vindic. Loyal Formulary i. 106 The Custos of our Province..will more fully inform the Right Reverend Father General and your Paternity.

1726 A. Parkinson Collectanea Anglo-Minoritica 208 John Whitefield, Professor of Divinity, and Custos of the Franciscan Custody of Bristol.

1820 G. Oliver Hist. Coll. relating to Monasteries Devon 100 An indeterminate number of Convents formed a Custody, of which the Superior was called Custos.

1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 23/2 Among the Dominicans..&c., the superior was called Praepositus, ‘provost’, and Prior; among the Franciscans, Custos, ‘guardian’.

1960 J. B. Dockery C. Davenport i. 30 Provincial, Custos, and four Definitors constitute the governing body of a Province.

2004 J. Winkler Anthony of Padua 29 St Anthony..taught the friars when he was entrusted with the ministry of being their custos.

b. (The title of) a senior member of the Franciscan order with custodial responsibility over the sites of Christian pilgrimage in the Holy Land. Also more fully Custos of the Holy Land.

ΚΠ

1722 J. Stevens Hist. Antient Abbeys I. 122/1 B. James, Custos of the Holy Land, was slain for the Christian Faith by the Saracens.

1759 tr. J. Æ. van Egmont & J. Heyman Trav. through Europe, Asia Minor I. xxv. 376 The father guardian..still retains the post of custos, or keeper of mount Zion, though the Turks do not at present suffer the Christians to set their foot on it.

1841 E. Robinson & E. Smith Biblical Res. Palestine II. viii. 88 The Intendant or Principal of all the Convents, with the rank of an Abbot, and the title of ‘Guardian of Mount Zion and Custos of the Holy Land’.

1862 New Monthly Mag. Mar. 372 Although large sums annually reach the custos from Austria, the house is deeply in debt.

1884 Glasgow Herald 14 Jan. 8/1 Yours, &c., Fr. Guido, Custos of the Holy Land.

1919 Catholic Missions Apr. 80/1 The Custody of the Holy Land possesses quite an unique international character in so far as according to arrangements made by Pope Benedict XIV, the Custos is always an Italian, his assistant a Frenchman [etc.].

1943 Living Church 10 Jan. 5/3 On behalf of the Franciscan Custos of the Holy Land.

1971 H. E. Bovis Jerusalem Question (1974) 42 The concern of the Custos was..that the government might side with a Christian group (Orthodox or Armenian) having a rival claim in a particular Holy Place.

2010 G. Musleh tr. H. Kildani Mod. Christianity Holy Land 242 Father Pierbattista Pizzaballa (since 2004), Custos of the Holy Land and Superior of Mount Sion Convent.

3. In Jamaica: the principal magistrate of a parish; = custos rotulorum n. 2. Also later as a title.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > one who administers justice > [noun] > other specific officers of justice

exactora1425

marshal1611

centgrave1647

custos rotulorum1683

custos1739

awarder1826

protocol1865

1739 in M. Campbell Maroons of Jamaica (1988) v. 127 They shall apply first to the Custos, or any other Magistrate of the respective Parishes where they expose their Goods to Sale, for Licence to vend the same.

1740 C. Leslie New Hist. Jamaica viii. 266 He is at present Custos of the Parish of St. Elizabeth.

1756 Abridgm. Laws of Jamaica 27 The Provost-Marshal to transmit Warrants to the Custos or Justices of the Parish where an Election is.

1793 B. Edwards Hist. Brit. Colonies W. Indies I. i. v. 207 The vestries are composed of the custos, and two other magistrates.

1827 Hamel, Obeah Man II. 135 The custos of the parish was the magistrate who had signed the warrant.

1855 Laws of Jamaica xv. 62 The mayor or senior alderman in Kingston, and the custos in any other parish, shall..issue his warrant in the usual form.

1938 Daily Gleaner (Kingston, Jamaica) 12 Dec. 17/1 On arrival at the Westmoreland border, His Excellency and party were received by the new Custos of the parish.

1990 A. B. Bakan Ideol. & Class Conflict in Jamaica iii. 80 At this point the Custos summoned the militia, and called upon Governor Eyre to provide military assistance.

2013 Gleaner (Kingston, Jamaica) 4 Mar. a10/1 Custos McKitty was presented with the Grand Commission, appointing him to the position... The new custos was also conferred with the Order of Distinction.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	custos
释义	custosn. Brit. /ˈkʌstɒs/, U.S. /ˈkəˌstɑs/, /ˈkəˌstoʊs/, /ˈkʊˌstoʊs/ Inflections: Plural custodes, custoses. Forms: late Middle English– custos, 1500s coustose (plural), 1500s custose (plural), 1500s custosies (plural), 1600s custosses (plural). Also with capital initial. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin custōs. Etymology: < classical Latin custōs guardian, protector, member of a bodyguard, watchman, sentry, guard; of unknown origin. Compare custos rotulorum n., custos sigilli n.In plural form custodes after the Latin plural form. It is sometimes unclear whether specific examples of this plural form show the plural of custos n. or of custode n.¹ The naturalized forms coost’ and cowst’ (with abbreviations indicating a plural ending) also occur in a 16th-century document. 1. A person who has custody or guardianship of something; (the title of) a guardian or warden, esp. of a city, country, school, etc. Also in extended use.See also custos brevium n., custos rotulorum n., custos sigilli n. ΘΚΠ society > authority > office > holder of office > public officials > [noun] > warden custosc1450 guardian1495 subwarden1506 vice-warden1536 warden1538 custode1543 the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > care, protection, or charge > [noun] > one who looks after > guardian or custodian herd971 wardena1290 keepera1300 yemerc1330 looker1340 tutor1377 actorc1384 conservator1447 custosc1450 guardian1477 custodier?c1500 custode1543 guardant1592 custodian1602 supervisor1691 vigilant1822 c1450 in C. L. Kingsford Chrons. London (1905) 143 (MED) John Wellys whas maden be the kyng custos or wardeyn of Norwich. 1465 Rec. Mercers in W. Blades Biogr. & Typogr. W. Caxton (1877) 148 John lambert John Warde. John Baker John Alburgh. Custoses. 1523 Ld. Berners in tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. Pref. sig. A.ii/2 The vertue of history..hathe to her custos & kepar it (that is to say tyme) whiche consumeth the other writynges. 1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 158 The king..made Stephen Edworth Constable of the Tower, and Custos of the Citie of London. 1635 E. Pagitt Christianographie 197 In the absence and minority of the Kings..divers Clergymen have beene Custosses or Viceroyes of the Kingdome. 1672 E. Ashmole Inst. Order of Garter vi. 166 The Treasurer is appointed to distribute to the Custos, Canons &c. the Pensions and Allowances assigned to them. 1792 W. Boys Coll. Hist. of Sandwich in Kent 200 Two [scholars] to be placed and nominated by the said custos &c. and two by the governours of the free grammar-school in Sandwich. 1854 W. M. Thackeray Newcomes I. xvii. 167 The senior pupil and custos of the room. 1878 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. III. xviii. 112 On the 21st [April 1430] Gloucester was appointed lieutenant and custos of the kingdom. 1926 Irish Times 30 Sept. 9/7 The procession then proceeded to the site of the foundation stone, and the Custos of the College..declared the stone ‘well and truly laid’. 1997 S. Kelsey Inventing Republic 18 Several Rumpers were themselves county custodes, for example William Heveningham (in Suffolk). 2003 Church Times 21 Feb. 22/4 He [sc. The Rt Revd Edward Knapp–Fisher] retired to Chichester and became Custos of St Mary's Hospital. 2. In the Franciscan order of friars. a. A guardian or warden of a house or of a subdivision of a province (province n. 4b). Now chiefly historical. ΘΚΠ society > faith > church government > monasticism > religious superior > conventual head > [noun] > Franciscan custodec1400 warden1420 guardian1466 custosc1525 pater-guardian1603 c1525 Rule St. Francis in J. S. Brewer & R. Howlett Monumenta Franciscana (1858) I. 565 (MED) That custos or wardene ys bounde..to kepe hym [sc. a friar] surely and strongly. ?1575 E. Hellowes tr. A. de Guevara Familiar Epist. (new ed.) 360 Going for Custos of my prouince of conception, in a generall Chapter, ioyntly with certayne religious Portingalls of my order bound to the same place. 1625 F. Bell tr. A. Daza Hist. Sister Ioane xiii. 126 Father Hierom of Cauanillas, reader Iubilate in diuinitie, and custos of the prouince of Valencia. 1674 P. Walsh Hist. & Vindic. Loyal Formulary i. 106 The Custos of our Province..will more fully inform the Right Reverend Father General and your Paternity. 1726 A. Parkinson Collectanea Anglo-Minoritica 208 John Whitefield, Professor of Divinity, and Custos of the Franciscan Custody of Bristol. 1820 G. Oliver Hist. Coll. relating to Monasteries Devon 100 An indeterminate number of Convents formed a Custody, of which the Superior was called Custos. 1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 23/2 Among the Dominicans..&c., the superior was called Praepositus, ‘provost’, and Prior; among the Franciscans, Custos, ‘guardian’. 1960 J. B. Dockery C. Davenport i. 30 Provincial, Custos, and four Definitors constitute the governing body of a Province. 2004 J. Winkler Anthony of Padua 29 St Anthony..taught the friars when he was entrusted with the ministry of being their custos. b. (The title of) a senior member of the Franciscan order with custodial responsibility over the sites of Christian pilgrimage in the Holy Land. Also more fully Custos of the Holy Land. ΚΠ 1722 J. Stevens Hist. Antient Abbeys I. 122/1 B. James, Custos of the Holy Land, was slain for the Christian Faith by the Saracens. 1759 tr. J. Æ. van Egmont & J. Heyman Trav. through Europe, Asia Minor I. xxv. 376 The father guardian..still retains the post of custos, or keeper of mount Zion, though the Turks do not at present suffer the Christians to set their foot on it. 1841 E. Robinson & E. Smith Biblical Res. Palestine II. viii. 88 The Intendant or Principal of all the Convents, with the rank of an Abbot, and the title of ‘Guardian of Mount Zion and Custos of the Holy Land’. 1862 New Monthly Mag. Mar. 372 Although large sums annually reach the custos from Austria, the house is deeply in debt. 1884 Glasgow Herald 14 Jan. 8/1 Yours, &c., Fr. Guido, Custos of the Holy Land. 1919 Catholic Missions Apr. 80/1 The Custody of the Holy Land possesses quite an unique international character in so far as according to arrangements made by Pope Benedict XIV, the Custos is always an Italian, his assistant a Frenchman [etc.]. 1943 Living Church 10 Jan. 5/3 On behalf of the Franciscan Custos of the Holy Land. 1971 H. E. Bovis Jerusalem Question (1974) 42 The concern of the Custos was..that the government might side with a Christian group (Orthodox or Armenian) having a rival claim in a particular Holy Place. 2010 G. Musleh tr. H. Kildani Mod. Christianity Holy Land 242 Father Pierbattista Pizzaballa (since 2004), Custos of the Holy Land and Superior of Mount Sion Convent. 3. In Jamaica: the principal magistrate of a parish; = custos rotulorum n. 2. Also later as a title. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > one who administers justice > [noun] > other specific officers of justice exactora1425 marshal1611 centgrave1647 custos rotulorum1683 custos1739 awarder1826 protocol1865 1739 in M. Campbell Maroons of Jamaica (1988) v. 127 They shall apply first to the Custos, or any other Magistrate of the respective Parishes where they expose their Goods to Sale, for Licence to vend the same. 1740 C. Leslie New Hist. Jamaica viii. 266 He is at present Custos of the Parish of St. Elizabeth. 1756 Abridgm. Laws of Jamaica 27 The Provost-Marshal to transmit Warrants to the Custos or Justices of the Parish where an Election is. 1793 B. Edwards Hist. Brit. Colonies W. Indies I. i. v. 207 The vestries are composed of the custos, and two other magistrates. 1827 Hamel, Obeah Man II. 135 The custos of the parish was the magistrate who had signed the warrant. 1855 Laws of Jamaica xv. 62 The mayor or senior alderman in Kingston, and the custos in any other parish, shall..issue his warrant in the usual form. 1938 Daily Gleaner (Kingston, Jamaica) 12 Dec. 17/1 On arrival at the Westmoreland border, His Excellency and party were received by the new Custos of the parish. 1990 A. B. Bakan Ideol. & Class Conflict in Jamaica iii. 80 At this point the Custos summoned the militia, and called upon Governor Eyre to provide military assistance. 2013 Gleaner (Kingston, Jamaica) 4 Mar. a10/1 Custos McKitty was presented with the Grand Commission, appointing him to the position... The new custos was also conferred with the Order of Distinction. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c1450
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