单词 | courage |
释义 | couragen. a. The heart as the seat of feeling, thought, etc.; spirit, mind, disposition, nature. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > disposition or character > [noun] heartOE erda1000 moodOE i-mindOE i-cundeOE costc1175 lundc1175 evena1200 kinda1225 custc1275 couragec1300 the manner ofc1300 qualityc1300 talentc1330 attemperancec1374 complexionc1386 dispositiona1387 propertyc1390 naturea1393 assay1393 inclinationa1398 gentlenessa1400 proprietya1400 habitudec1400 makingc1400 conditionc1405 habitc1405 conceitc1425 affecta1460 ingeny1477 engine1488 stomach?1510 mind?a1513 ingine1533 affection1534 vein1536 humour?1563 natural1564 facultyc1565 concept1566 frame1567 temperature1583 geniusa1586 bent1587 constitution1589 composition1597 character1600 tune1600 qualification1602 infusion1604 spirits1604 dispose1609 selfness1611 disposure1613 composurea1616 racea1616 tempera1616 crasisc1616 directiona1639 grain1641 turn1647 complexure1648 genie1653 make1674 personality1710 tonea1751 bearing1795 liver1800 make-up1821 temperament1821 naturalness1850 selfhood1854 Wesen1854 naturel1856 sit1857 fibre1864 character structure1873 mentality1895 mindset1909 psyche1910 where it's (he's, she's) at1967 the mind > emotion > aspects of emotion > seat of the emotions > [noun] > breast or heart breastOE heartOE bosomc1175 couragec1300 chest1590 petto1679 c1300 K. Alis. 3559 Archelaus, of proud corage. c1405 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 11 Smale foweles maken melodye..So priketh hem nature in hir corages. c1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode (1869) i. xxxiii. 20 What thinkest in thi corage? c1430 Stans Puer 5 To all norture thi corage to enclyne. ?1556 (a1500) Knight of Curtesy (Copland) sig. B.iiiiv In his courage he was full sad. a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 3 (1623) ii. ii. 57 This soft courage makes your Followers faint. View more context for this quotation a1649 W. Drummond Irene in Wks. (1711) 163 Men's Courages were growing hot, their Hatred kindled. 1656 B. Harris tr. J. N. de Parival Hist. Iron Age i. ii. iv. 40 The Spaniards..attacked it with all the force, and industry the greatest courages were able to invent. ΚΠ c1420 Pallad. on Husb. xi. 90 In this courage Hem forto graffe is goode. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > courage > spirit > high-spiritedness > [noun] > one who is high-spirited courage1561 buck1725 hot stuff1884 1561 T. Hoby tr. B. Castiglione Courtyer iv. sig. Rr.i The prowes of those diuine courages [viz. Marquesse of Mantua, etc.]. a1645 W. Browne tr. M. Le Roy Hist. Polexander (1647) iv. ii. 197 These two great courages being met, and followed by a small companie of the most resolute pirates. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > wish or inclination > [noun] willeOE hearteOE i-willc888 self-willeOE intent?c1225 device1303 couragec1320 talentc1325 greec1330 voluntyc1330 fantasyc1374 likinga1375 disposingc1380 pleasancea1382 affectionc1390 wish1390 disposition1393 affecta1398 likea1400 lista1400 pleasingc1400 emplesance1424 pleasurec1425 well-willingc1443 notiona1450 mindc1450 fancy1465 empleseur1473 hest?a1513 plighta1535 inclination1541 cue1567 month's mind1580 disposedness1583 leaning1587 humour1595 wouldings1613 beneplacit1643 wouldingness1645 vergency1649 bene-placiture1662 good liking1690 draught1758 tida1774 inkling1787 the mind > will > intention > [noun] > intention or purpose willeOE highOE thoughtOE intent?c1225 achesounc1230 attenta1250 couragec1320 devicec1320 minda1325 studya1382 understanding1382 suggestionc1390 meaninga1393 i-minda1400 minta1400 tent1399 castc1400 ettlingc1400 affecta1425 advicec1425 intention1430 purposec1430 proposea1450 intendment1450 supposing?c1450 pretensionc1456 intellectionc1460 zeal1492 hest?a1513 minting?a1513 institute?1520 intendingc1525 mindfulness1530 cogitationa1538 fordrift1549 forecast1549 designing1566 tention1587 levela1591 intendiment1595 design1597 suppose1597 aim1598 regarda1616 idea1617 contemplationa1631 speculation1631 view1634 way of thinking1650 designation1658 tend1663 would1753 predetermination1764 will to art1920 c1320 Seuyn Sag. (W.) 2446 Lo her, sire, a litel page! That schal sai the thi corage. c1386 G. Chaucer Merchant's Tale 10 Swich a greet corage Hadde this knyght to been a wedded man. 1484 W. Caxton tr. Ordre of Chyualry (1926) i. 8 Fayr frend what is your corage or entent? a1533 Ld. Berners tr. Arthur of Brytayn (?1560) lxvi. sig. Qi Ye mayster dyscouered to her all his courage how that he loued her. 1557 T. North tr. A. de Guevara Diall Princes f. 93v/1 The romaines had a great corage to conquere straunge realmes. 1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 289 Many were taken of their owne courage, which might haue scaped if they had list. a1616 W. Shakespeare Timon of Athens (1623) iii. iii. 24 I'de such a courage to do him good. View more context for this quotation a1626 F. Bacon Elements Common Lawes (1630) 90 The law..shall..make construction that my minde and courage is not to enter into the greater bond for any menace. a. Spirit, liveliness, lustiness, vigour, vital force or energy; also figurative. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > vigour or energy > [noun] > vigour or liveliness jollinessc1386 liveliheadc1425 quicknessc1425 vyfnes1475 ramagec1485 couragea1498 liveliness1534 spritec1540 livelihood1566 life1583 sprightliness1599 sprightfulness1602 ruach1606 sprightiness1607 sparkle1611 airiness1628 vivacy1637 spiritfulness1644 spirit1651 vivacity1652 spiritedness1654 brightness1660 sprightness1660 ramageness1686 race1690 friskiness1727 spirituousness1727 vivaciousness1727 brio1731 raciness1759 phlogiston1789 animation1791 lifefulness1829 pepper-and-salt1842 corkiness1845 aliveness1853 vitality1858 music1859 virtu1876 liveness1890 zippiness1907 bounce1909 zing1917 radioactivity1922 oomph1937 pizzazz1937 zinginess1938 hep1946 vavoom1962 welly1977 masala1986 the mind > emotion > excitement > excitability of temperament > spiritedness or liveliness > [noun] jollinessc1386 liveliheadc1425 quicknessc1425 vyfnes1475 couragea1498 liveliness1534 livelihood1566 life1583 sprightliness1599 sprightfulness1602 sprightiness1607 airiness1628 vivacy1637 spirit1651 vivacity1651 spiritedness1654 brightness1660 friskiness1727 spirituousness1727 vivaciousness1727 animoseness1730 brio1731 animation1791 lifefulness1829 corkiness1845 a1498 J. Warkworth Chron. (Camden) 2 Thei..were greved with colde and rayne, that thei hade no coreage to feght. 1565 J. Jewel Def. Apol. Churche Eng. (1611) 505 In the Cardinals of Rome, Pride, Auarice, and Lechery are in their greatest Courage. 1630 tr. G. Botero Relations Famous Kingdomes World (rev. ed.) 249 They have horses of excellent courage. 1705 London Gaz. No. 4182/4 A Chesnut Mare..of great Courage. Thesaurus » c. Haughtiness, pride. d. Confidence, boldness. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > anger > [noun] irrec825 gramec1000 brathc1175 wrathc1175 mooda1225 ortha1225 felonyc1290 irea1300 greme13.. thro1303 wrathhead1303 errorc1320 angera1325 gremth1340 iroura1380 brethc1380 couragec1386 heavinessc1386 felona1400 follya1400 wrathnessc1440 choler1530 blast1535 malice1538 excandescency1604 stomachosity1656 bad blood1664 corruption1799 needle1874 irateness1961 c1386 G. Chaucer Knight's Tale (Harl.) 1154 The hunt[e] strangled with wilde bores corage. 1484 W. Caxton tr. G. de la Tour-Landry Bk. Knight of Tower (1971) lxiii. 92 [She] became..so..grete of courage that also to the kynge her lord she bare not so grete reuerence as she ought. 1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 285 Euery man cryed and besought the king to haue mercie..for Gods sake refraine your courage, ye haue the name of souereigne noblenesse. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene iii. x. sig. Mm5 Trompart..Besought him his great corage to appease, And pardon simple man. 1608 T. Middleton Trick to catch Old-one i. sig. A4 I will..set so good a courage on my state, That I will be beleeued. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sexual relations > sexual desire > [noun] willOE loveOE likinga1200 jollityc1330 desirec1340 fire1340 naturec1387 ragea1425 pride1486 lovered1487 Venus1513 courage1541 passion1648 lusting1760 philogenitiveness1815 body-urge1930 hots1940 hard-on1949 1541 R. Barnes Wks. (1573) 329/1 By the reason that priestes are so hoate of courage, and can not keepe theyr chastitie. 1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry iii. f. 127* Yf the Bull be not lusty yenough about his businesse,..his courage is also stirred vp by the like odours. 1606 G. W. tr. Justinus Hist. 56 Darius horse..by reason of the courage had to the Mare, forthwith neighed alowde. 1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 45 If they be taken away, the iollity and courage of the Creature is extinguished. 4. a. That quality of mind which shows itself in facing danger without fear or shrinking; bravery, boldness, valour. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > courage > bravery or boldness > [noun] boldshipc1275 couragea1382 audacity1432 fierceness1490 confidence1526 spritec1540 gallantness1555 braverya1586 braveness1589 confidency1600 lion-heart1667 bravity1689 outdaciousness1778 nads1976 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Isa. xxxv. 3 Seith ȝee of litil corage, taketh coumfort. 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) v. 208 A knycht of gret corage..That thame confort vith all hys mycht. 1597 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie v. lxv. 162 The faith of Christ..armeth vs with patience, constancie and courage. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost i. 108 Courage never to submit or yield. View more context for this quotation 1783 W. Thomson in R. Watson & W. Thomson Hist. Reign Philip III v. 372 He possessed..the virtues of political and martial courage. 1839 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece (new ed.) IV. 409 Evagoras..had raised himself by his courage and prudence to the throne. 1841 R. W. Emerson Love in Ess. 1st Ser. (London ed.) 176 Courage to defy the world. 1887 T. Fowler Princ. Morals ii. i. 24 We speak of a man's courage in undertaking some financial, literary, or political enterprise, or in sustaining some misfortune, or in braving public opinion where he believes himself to be in the right. In this application the term is often qualified as Moral Courage. 1887 T. Fowler Princ. Morals ii. i. 25 Courage in the original sense of the term [the readiness to face physical dangers], that is, Physical Courage. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > courage > [noun] elne888 bieldc890 daringc1374 coraiouste1382 inwit1382 courageousnessa1513 courage1540 couragie1556 valour1581 nerve1602 stoutheartednessa1683 noble-heartedness1836 lionheartedness1885 gut1893 gutsiness1893 bottle1958 1540 R. Jonas in tr. E. Roesslin Byrth of Mankynde Prol. sig. D.ii The gud courages of al honest enterpreysers, in those matters & al other. 1610 R. Knolles Gen. Hist. Turkes (ed. 2) 1191 Euery man..gaue God the praise, for taking away the Turkes courages. 1675 T. Shadwell Psyche 111 If danger cou'd our courages remove. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis v, in tr. Virgil Wks. 334 Their drooping Courages he cheer'd. 1847 R. W. Emerson Poems 124 Undaunted are their courages, Right Cossacks in their forages. c. (with a and plural) A kind or species of courage; an instance of courage. rare. ΚΠ 1886 M. F. Tupper My Life as Author 92 But there is nothing like flight: it is easy and speedy, and more a courage than a cowardice. 1888 Wolseley in Sat. Rev. 4 Aug. 136/1 As for Charles Gordon, he had all the courages—the courage of instinct, of religion, of contempt of life. d. Phrases, as to take courage, be of good courage (obsolete or archaic), pluck up courage, lose courage, etc. Dutch courage: bravery induced by drinking (colloquial). the courage of one's convictions or opinions [ < French le courage de son opinion, cited 1864] : courage in action equal to the courageousness of one's opinion; courage to act consistently with one's opinions. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > courage > encouragement > pluck up courage [verb] findOE to take (in early use nim) heartc1275 to have the heartc1300 to hent one's heartc1325 to pull upa1393 to fang upa1400 pluckc1400 to take courage1490 to take heart of grace (and variants)c1520 to lift up one's heart, mind, soul1535 to get (also gather, keep, etc.) heart of grace1581 hearten1587 to pluck up one's courage1660 flesh1695 pluck up courage1726 to pick up1735 to call forth1802 to pluck up1827 to muster up1893 the mind > emotion > courage > Dutch courage > [noun] pot-valour?1623 pot courage1806 Dutch courage1826 bottle bravery1830 pot-valiantry1845 pot-valiance1872 pot valiancy1876 the mind > will > decision > resolution or determination > [noun] willOE businessa1387 wilfulnessc1386 restc1400 point1477 appointmenta1535 firmitude?1541 resoluteness?1560 resolve1592 resolution1594 constancy1603 resolvance1603 resolvedness1611 intensiona1619 determinateness1652 decisiveness1714 determinedness1747 decision1770 decidedness1800 setness1818 determinativeness1821 determination1822 virtu1876 the courage of one's convictions or opinions1878 self-determination1890 adamancy1898 drivenness1902 adamance1925 the mind > emotion > courage > moral courage > [noun] > courage of one's convictions the courage of one's convictions or opinions1878 1490 Caxton's Blanchardyn & Eglantine (1962) 154 Bycause they sholde take a better corage for the persone & sight of her. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) 1 Chron. xx. C Take a good corage vnto the, and let vs quyte oure selues manly. 1611 Bible (King James) Josh. i. 9 Be strong, and of a good courage. View more context for this quotation 1611 Bible (King James) 2 Chron. xv. 8 He tooke courage, and put away the abominable idoles. View more context for this quotation 1726 W. R. Chetwood Voy. & Adventures Capt. R. Boyle 42 I pluck'd up Courage enough to speak to her. 1826 W. Scott Woodstock I. xii. 289 Laying in a store of what is called Dutch courage. 1841 E. W. Lane tr. Thousand & One Nights I. 104 He took courage and entered. 1873 H. Spencer Study Sociol. viii. 188 A dose of brandy, by stimulating the circulation, produces ‘Dutch courage’. 1878 T. H. Huxley Physiography (ed. 2) Pref. 8 I never could muster up the courage..to undertake the business. 1878 J. Morley Diderot II. 12 He is one of Swift's Yahoos, with the courage of its opinions. 1883 J. Payn Thicker than Water (1884) xxxviii. 306 That courage of his opinions which he never failed to display against any odds. 1887 H. Caine Life Coleridge i. 21 [He] believed in the efficacy of the birch, and had the courage of his convictions. e. As an exclamation: = Take courage! Cheer up! ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > courage > encouragement > take courage [interjection] courage1600 heigh1600 coraggio1605 thataboy1936 1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice iv. i. 110 What man, courage yet. View more context for this quotation 1785 W. Cowper Tirocinium in Task 787 But courage, man! methought the muse replied. View more context for this quotation 1856 Ld. Tennyson Maud (rev. ed.) xxv, in Maud & Other Poems (new ed.) 91 Courage, poor heart of stone! ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > support > support or encouragement > in support of or on the side of [phrase] > to the encouragement of to the courage of1495 1495 Act 11 Hen. VII c. 7 To the great corage, boldnesse, and comforte of the seid evyll doers. 1531 Act 23 Hen. VIII c. 1 Many clerkes conuicte were..suffered to make their purgacions, to the greate corage of euyll doers. 1659 O. Walker Περιαμμα Ἐπιδήμιον 5 To the cowardise of themselves, or the courage of their enemies. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † courageadj. Obsolete. rare. Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries. ‘Stout’ of body. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > bodily shape or physique > broad shape or physique > [adjective] stalworthc1175 thicka1250 stubblea1300 quarryc1300 stalworthyc1300 stoura1350 sturdyc1386 buirdlya1400 squarec1430 couragec1440 craskc1440 substantialc1460 ample1485 stalwart1508 puddinga1540 full-bodied1588 robust1666 two-handed1687 swankinga1704 strapping1707 broad-set1708 thick-set1724 throddy?1748 thick-bodied1752 broad-built1771 junky1825 swankie1838 stodgy1854 wide-bodied1854 beefish1882 hunky1911 buff1982 buffed1986 c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 92 Corage or craske, crassus, coragiosus. DerivativesΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > bodily shape or physique > broad shape or physique > [noun] > state of having couragenessc1440 stourness1530 robusticity1777 sturdiness1863 chunkiness1879 stockiness1890 robustness1973 c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 92 Coragenesse or craskeness, crassitudo. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online June 2021). † couragev. Obsolete. transitive. = encourage v. (Very common in 16th cent.) ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > support > support or encouragement > support or encourage [verb (transitive)] shoveOE to hold with (arch. of, on, for)1154 favour1362 abetc1380 sustainc1390 supportc1405 courage1470 comfort1481 friend1550 through-bear1554 countenance1568 foster1569 favourize1585 seconda1586 sidea1601 rally1624 feed1626 countenance1654 encourage1668 inserve1683 to go strong on1822 partake1861 sponsor1884 to hold a brief for1888 root1889 rah-rah1940 affirm1970 babysit1973 barrack- 1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur vii. xv Ye must courage yourself or els ye ben al shente. 1477 Earl Rivers tr. Dictes or Sayengis Philosophhres (Caxton) (1877) lf. 11v To corage them the more to lerne. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Hosea iv. 8 They..corage them in their wickednesse. 1556 J. Heywood Spider & Flie lxxviii. 91 He coraged them to stand. 1614 T. Adams Diuells Banket v. 242 Consecrate and courage your hands and voyces to the vastation of Iericho-walls. Derivatives ˈcouraging n. and adj. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > support > support or encouragement > [adjective] confortant1450 couraging?1542 advocatory1569 pro1650 encouraging1663 bright1684 undergirding1868 supportive1940 the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > support > support or encouragement > [noun] > supporting or encouraging comfortingc1320 couraging?1542 encouraging1578 patronaging1597 upbolstering1610 countenancing1628 rooting1888 hand-holding1967 ?1542 H. Brinkelow Complaynt Roderyck Mors viii. sig. C2v It is a gret coragyng, to hym to troble his neyhbor. a1568 R. Ascham Scholemaster (1570) i. f. 6 He lacketh teaching, he lacketh coraging. 1613 F. Beaumont Knight of Burning Pestle Prol. sig. B2 A couraging part. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.c1300adj.c1440v.1470 |
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