prejudicen.

Brit.

/ˈprɛdʒᵿdɪs/, U.S.

/ˈprɛdʒədəs/

Forms: Middle English predyjusse (transmission error), Middle English pregedyse, Middle English pregedysse, Middle English pregidyse, Middle English preiudise, Middle English preivdice, Middle English prejidice, Middle English prejudise, Middle English prejudys, Middle English prejvdyse (in a late copy), Middle English preyudice, Middle English pridjudice, Middle English proiedyse (perhaps transmission error), Middle English–1500s preiudyse, Middle English–1500s prejudyce, Middle English (in a late copy)–1500s prejudyse, Middle English–1600s preiudice, Middle English–1600s preiudyce, Middle English– prejudice, 1500s prejudize, 1500s–1600s praeiudice, 1600s preiudize, 1600s prejudis; Scottish pre-1700 praeiudice, pre-1700 praejudice, pre-1700 pregatys, pre-1700 pregedeis, pre-1700 pregedice, pre-1700 pregedyce, pre-1700 pregetis, pre-1700 pregidice, pre-1700 pregidis, pre-1700 pregidys, pre-1700 pregiteise, pre-1700 pregites, pre-1700 pregutes, pre-1700 pregydeis, pre-1700 pregytis, pre-1700 preiedyce, pre-1700 preiougice, pre-1700 preiudice, pre-1700 preiudise, pre-1700 preiudyce, pre-1700 preiudys, pre-1700 prejeduce, pre-1700 prejedus, pre-1700 prejudic, pre-1700 prejudies, pre-1700 prejudis, pre-1700 preuidice (perhaps transmission error), pre-1700 1700s– prejudice.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French prejudice; Latin praeiūdicium.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman prejudis, Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French prejudice (French préjudice ) harm, damage (second half of the 13th cent. in Old French; compare also Old French prejuise (13th cent.)), preliminary judgement (a1350), action of making a first attempt in order to anticipate what lies ahead (1559), precedent for similar cases in the future (1561) and its etymon classical Latin praeiūdicium preliminary enquiry, preceding judgement or decision, precedent, opinion formed in advance, preconception, prejudice, damage < prae- pre- prefix + iūdicium judgement, sentence (see judicial adj.). Compare Old Occitan, Occitan prejudici disadvantage, damage, harm (1253), Catalan prejudici disadvantage, damage, harm (1285; now obsolete), prejudice (19th cent. or earlier), perjudici disadvantage, damage, harm (13th cent.), Spanish perjuicio disadvantage, damage, harm (c1242), prejuicio disadvantage, damage, harm (13th cent. as prejudizio; now obsolete), prejudice (15th cent. as prejuizio), Portuguese prejuízo (13th cent.), Italian pregiudizio harm, injury (a1276), preconceived opinion (1665).

I. Prejudgement.

a. Preconceived opinion not based on reason or actual experience; bias, partiality; (now) spec. unreasoned dislike, hostility, or antagonism towards, or discrimination against, a race, sex, or other class of people. †In early use (see quot. c1300): contempt (obsolete).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > harm or injury > [noun]

loathc900

teenOE

ungrithlOE

wemming1100

waningc1175

wrongc1275

prejudicec1300

derea1325

torferc1325

eviltyc1330

griefc1330

wem1338

injurec1374

truitc1390

noyinga1398

inconvenience14..

nocument?a1425

outraya1425

injuryc1430

mischieving1432

supprise1442

incommodityc1450

interess1489

grudge1491

tort1532

wreaka1542

impeachment1548

inconveniency1553

indemnity1556

interestc1575

abuse1595

mischievance1600

oblesion1656

grit1876

the mind > mental capacity > belief > expressed belief, opinion > bias, prejudice > [noun]

forejudging1571

preoccupation1572

prejudicateness1603

prejudicacy1608

forestalment1611

prepossession1638

anticipation1640

prejudice1643

biasedness1667

prevention1671

engagement1689

prejudgement1799

strabismus1844

parti pris1860

c1300 St. Thomas Becket (Laud) 1701 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 155 Þe king in preiudice [a1350 Ashm. despit] of him, and to bi-nimen him is riȝte, Let oþur bischopes crouni is sone.

c1450 (a1400) Orologium Sapientiæ in Anglia (1888) 10 383 (MED) Þat þinge þat a man loveþ inwardly, hee..coueitiþ þat hit scholde be loved and preysed of alle oþere with-oute preiudice of hym-selfe.

a1475 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Life Man (Vitell.) 6450 (MED) Thow herdyst how dame penaunce Made a declaracioun Off vj gatys..And fyve off hem..wer the wyttys fyue..The wych gatys..I wyl now take in specyal With-oute preiudice at al.

1582 R. Mulcaster 1st Pt. Elementarie ix. 44 Preiudice, when he that misliketh doth know the thing well, but is so wedded vnto, naie rather so bewitched with his own fantsie, which it self is seduced by som foren allurement, as he will rather mislike against knowledge, then withstand against fantsie.

1611 Bible (King James) 1 Tim. v. 21 Y preie..that thou kepe these thingis with oute preiudice [a1425 E.V. withouten bifore dom; L. sine præiudicio; 1582 Rheims without preiudice; 1611 King James without preferring, marg. prejudice; 1881 R.V. without prejudice, marg. preference].

1643 Sir T. Browne Religio Medici (authorized ed.) i. §3 At a solemn Procession I have wept abundantly, while my consorts, blind with opposition and prejudice, have fallen into an excess of scorn and laughter.

1719 T. D'Urfey Wit & Mirth I. 342 Who rails at Faults, through Pers'nal Prejudice, Shews more his own, than shame another's Vice.

1762 A. Dickson Treat. Agric. i. iii. 18 If a person divests himself of prejudice, and attachment to any particular opinion.

1776 S. Hopkins Dialogue conc. Slavery Africans 34 If we could only divest ourselves of those strong prejudices, which have insensibly fixed on our minds, and consider them [sc. Africans] as, by nature, and by right, on a level with our brethren and children.

1790 E. Burke Refl. Revol. in France 130 Prejudice renders a man's virtue his habit... Through just prejudice, his duty becomes a part of his nature.

1861 J. Bright in Times 18 July 9/3 Ignorance is the mother of prejudice, whether among nations or individuals.

1890 C. W. Dilke Probl. Greater Brit. 327 The general opinion of the English..is distinctly favourable to the moral qualities of the Boers, in spite of many obvious reasons why prejudice should come into the account.

1931 H. Read Meaning of Art II. 95 It is certainly prejudice which stands in the way of most people's appreciation of Baroque art.

1973 S. Biko in Black Theol. v. 38 So immersed are they in prejudice that they do not believe that blacks can formulate their thoughts without white guidance.

2002 N. Nicolson Fanny Burney iv. 47 From ignorance, xenophobia and prejudice, the British regarded them not as victims of the Revolution, but as its perpetrators.

b. An instance of this; a feeling, favourable or unfavourable, towards a person, thing, or class; an unreasoning preference or objection; a bias.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > expressed belief, opinion > bias, prejudice > [noun] > instance of

prejudgementa1538

prejudice1563

preconceit1593

preconceptiona1631

prepossession1638

presentiment1751

unconscious bias1784

sizeism1971

1563 N. Winȝet Certain Tractates (1890) II. 33/20 Pestilent errouris, quhilkis..thow may noth parsaue, quhilis thou is led be the præiudice of the auld doctrine.

1602 J. Marston Hist. Antonio & Mellida Induct. sig. A4 I will defende the feminine to death; and ding his spirit to..hell, that dares diuulge a Ladies preiudice.

1654 J. Bramhall Just Vindic. Church of Eng. iii. 51 God looks upon his creatures with all their prejudices, and expects no more of them then according to the talents which he hath given them.

1662 B. Gerbier Brief Disc. Princ. Building 8 Being prepossessed with a prejudice.

1705 F. Atterbury Serm. St. James's Chapel 8 Such..have had all the early Prejudices of Education on the side of Truth.

1792 M. Wollstonecraft Vindic. Rights Woman ii. 59 A mistaken education, a narrow uncultivated mind, and many sexual prejudices, tend to make women more constant than men.

a1806 J. Barry in R. N. Wornum Lect. on Painting (1848) 228 The works of Correggio, for which they had contracted an early prejudice.

1830 I. D'Israeli Comm. Life Charles I III. i. 2 He cannot..remove the prejudices which are raised against him.

1894 H. Drummond Lowell Lect. Ascent of Man 5 A historian dares not have a prejudice, but he cannot escape a purpose.

1943 P. Larkin Let. 1 Sept. in Sel. Lett. (1992) 67 England may be full of dishonesty and unpleasantness and sordidity etc. but I..have a prejudice in favour of it.

1981 R. G. Myers Connecting Worlds 71 In some Third World circles, I have encountered what can only be labeled a prejudice against Indian researchers.

2001 J. B. Jacobs Hate Crimes 135 It is not sensible to infer the values and beliefs of our citizenry from the prejudices and conduct of a small number of vicious criminals.

†c. Something prejudicial. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

a1732 F. Atterbury Serm. Several Occas. (1734) I. 27 Those Articles of the Roman Catholick Faith..are to be received implicitly, without..Discussion... Now this is the greatest Prejudice imaginable against the Truth of the Doctrines of any Church.

†2.

a. The action of judging an event beforehand; prognostication, presaging. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > anticipation, forecast > [noun]

forecastinga1529

foreguessing1548

prevening1557

prejudice1560

prolepsis1578

foredeeming1587

forestalment1611

forestalling1641

forethought1653

anticipation1711

pre-empting1857

precasting1863

second-guessing1946

1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. xxviij^v There were diuerse that diswaded hym, puttynge him in mynde howe his bokes were brent, which was a certen preiudice of his condemnation.

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. ix. sig. X2 That nought mote hinder his quicke preiudize.

1598 R. Grenewey tr. Tacitus Descr. Germanie ii, in Annales 261 So [they] trie their valour: and by that preiudice [L. praeiudicio], coniecture on whose side the victorie shall fall.

b. A prior judgement; esp. a judgement formed hastily or before due consideration. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > misjudgement > [noun] > premature judgement

forejudgement1548

prejudice1583

prejudication1606

foregone conclusiona1616

1583 Sir T. Smith's De Republica Anglorum ii. xxiii. 76 For as xij haue giuen a preiudice against him, so xij againe must acquite or condemne him.

1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xxvi. ii. 583 Least that they might seeme to approve the very same thing by their prejudice [L. praeiudicato] and dome aforehand.

1835 R. Whately in E. J. Whately Life & Corr. R. Whately (1866) I. 313 I strongly protested against the charge of ‘prejudice’ in the strict sense, viz., as a pre-judicium, a judgment formed antecedently to knowledge.

†3. A preliminary or anticipatory judgement; a preconceived idea as to what will happen; an anticipation. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > expectation > [noun] > instance of

expectation1523

looking for1532

aspect1587

looking forwarda1646

prejudice1748

1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson ii. ix. 225 Our former despair by degrees gave place to more sanguine prejudices.

1754–8 T. Newton Diss. Prophecies xi. 147 Let us lay aside all [traditions] and examine what prejudices can be gathered from records of good account.

1770 P. Luckombe Conc. Hist. Printing 20 The..initial letters, &c...give a prejudice at sight of their being the first productions of the Art amongst us.

II. Harm, injury.

a. Harm, detriment, or injury to a person or thing resulting from a judgement or action, esp. one in which a person's rights are disregarded; resulting injury. Now chiefly in phrases. in prejudice of: to the (intended or consequent) detriment or injury of. to the prejudice of: with resulting harm to. without prejudice, without detriment to any existing right or claim; (Law) without any damage to one's own rights or claims (see quot. 1872).

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > disadvantage > [noun] > disadvantage as a result of something

prejudicec1350

c1350 (a1333) William of Shoreham Poems (1902) 35 Ȝef hyt ne be nauȝt to þy prest Malice ne preiudice.

1389 in J. T. Smith & L. T. Smith Eng. Gilds (1870) 23 To make non ordinaunce in prejudice ne lettyng of ye comoun lawe.

c1440 S. Scrope tr. C. de Pisan Epist. of Othea (St. John's Cambr.) (1970) 100 It is vileine & a foul þing to refuse..þat þe which may not turne to vice ne to preiudice.

a1475 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Life Man (Vitell.) 3918 (MED) Al thys I wrouhte, thorgh my myht, With-oute preiudyce of your ryht.

?c1500 Mary Magdalene (Digby) 234 Be-warre ye do no pregedyse a-ȝen þe law.

1534 (?a1500) Shearmen & Taylors' Pageant 407 in H. Craig Two Coventry Corpus Christi Plays (1931) 14 ‘Can I nott aspy be noo wysse How thys chylde borne schuldbe with-ow [read with-owt] naturis prejudyse.’.. ‘Nay, no prejvdyse vnto nature, I dare well sey.’

1567–8 in L. M. Clopper Rec. Early Eng. Drama: Chester (1979) 81 Provided alwaies that the having of the said possessyon of the said Rowme place or mansyon shall not be hurtful nor preiudice to nether of the said parties.

1630 tr. G. Botero Relations Famous Kingdomes World (rev. ed.) 292 The sheepe..or their fleeces, are bought up by the Netherlands, and imployed in the making of cloth, to some prejudice of ours in England.

1686 tr. J. Chardin Coronation Solyman 10 in Trav. Persia To advance the Younger Son, in prejudice of the Eldest.

a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. 253 It was no small prejudice to him, that he was recommended by so bad a man.

1775 Rules & Regulations (Articles of War) in Jrnls. Continental Congr. (U.S.) ii. 119 All dis-orders and neglects, which officers and soldiers may be guilty of, to the prejudice of good order and military discipline..are to be taken cognizance of.

1821 T. Jefferson Autobiogr. in Writings (1984) 62 A material error which I have committed in another place to the prejudice of the Empress.

1838 in J. Manning & T. C. Granger Rep. Common Pleas IX. 918 The above I offer without prejudice, in case it is not agreed to.

1845 J. R. McCulloch Treat. Taxation i. i. 45 It is easy to see that it might be entirely swept off by a tax, without prejudice to the interests of any class except the landlords.

1872 Wharton's Law Lexicon (ed. 5) 763/2 Without Prejudice, is [said in reference] to overtures and communications between litigants..before trial or verdict. The words import an understanding that if the negotiation fails, nothing that has passed shall be taken advantage of thereafter.

1936 F. G. Young in Lancet 8 Aug. 301/2 The pituitary substance..will be called the ‘glycotropic factor’ without prejudice to the question of its existence as a separate entity.

1986 Stone's Justices' Man. (ed. 118) III. v. 6177 Without prejudice to rule 2(1), the Court or judge hearing an application for a writ of habeas corpus ad subjiciendum may in its or his discretion order that the person restrained be released.

2000 R. A. Hall Combat Battalion 245 They had apparently committed several offences including..conduct to the prejudice of good order and military discipline.

†b. gen. Injury, damage, harm. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > damage > [noun]

harmOE

tinsela1340

damagec1374

offensiona1382

pairmentc1384

wrongc1384

offencec1385

wrackc1407

lesion?a1425

ruin1467

prejudicec1485

domager1502

qualm1513

jacture1515

imblemishment1529

perishment1540

impeachment1548

blame1549

dommagie1556

execution1581

damagement1603

sufferancea1616

stroy1682

murder1809

punishment1839

c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 126 And coud nane othir way escape fra the thef, but preiudice of his awin lyf, bot to sla him.

1539 T. Cromwell in R. B. Merriman Life & Lett. T. Cromwell (1902) II. 203 Veray lothe his highne[s] wold be to see any of them..to take any harme or preiudice at the papistes handes.

1565 A. Golding tr. Caesar Martiall Exploytes in Gallia v. f. 119^v He sent hys wagoners..out of the woodes vpon our men of armes and encountred with them to their great preiudice.

1591 R. Greene Maidens Dreame Ep. Ded. Your deceased Vnckle, whose death being the common preiudice of a present age, was lamented of most.

1600 J. Lane Tom Tel-Troths Message 591 As rauening wolues that liue by preiudice.

1657 S. Purchas Theatre Flying-insects 135 This prejudice is chiefly caused in narrow and close grounds..and seldome comes on hills.

1678 G. Mackenzie Laws & Customes Scotl. i. 117 If the prejudice be done by the Horses foremest feet, then the Ryder shall be forc'd to satisfy for the prejudice done.

a1714 Earl of Cromarty Hist. Family Mackenzie in W. Fraser Earls of Cromartie (1876) II. 472 Maugre all the prejudice of warr.

1741 H. Purefoy Let. 3 May in G. Eland Purefoy Lett. (1931) I. iii. 59 You have Judgement good enough to know whether this slob will prove right or no; it is a great prejudice to the new clean floor to take the slob up and put it down.

1790 R. Beatson Naval & Mil. Mem. I. 314 They were so well covered by a bank of sand, that the cannon of the frigates could not do them the smallest prejudice.

c. U.S. euphemistic. In the jargon of the intelligence community. to terminate with extreme prejudice: to assassinate. termination with extreme prejudice: assassination. Hence in extended use (chiefly humorous) with extreme prejudice: with great vigour or effect; with finality; to an extraordinary or impressive degree.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > killing > man-killing or homicide > murder or assassination > murder or assassinate [verb (transitive)]

amurderOE

murderc1175

homicidec1470

murdresc1480

murtrish1490

manquell1548

slaughter1582

massacre1591

assassinate1600

remove1609

assassin1620

to do the business for a person1759

Septembrize1794

croak1823

square1888

shift1898

to take out1900

to bump off1907

bump1914

to do in1914

to put out1917

to knock off1919

terminate1920

to give (a person) the works1929

scrag1930

snuff1932

wash1941

waste1964

wipe1968

to terminate with extreme prejudice1969

neutralize1970

snuff1973

stiff1974

1969 N.Y. Times 14 Aug. 2 His status as a double agent was reportedly confirmed by the Central Intelligence Agency, which..suggested that he either be isolated or ‘terminated with extreme prejudice’.

1974 F. Nolan Oshawa Project xvi. 105 Had he been taken out by his own people?.. He had seen some of those files with the brutal red block letters stamped diagonally across the page: Terminate with extreme prejudice.

1980 C. Pincher Dirty Tricks i. 10 A ‘termination with extreme prejudice’, as the CIA called its assassination projects in those days.

1990 C. Buckley Wet Work 5 ‘Extreme Unction’ always sounded so severe, you know? Like ‘Unction with Extreme Prejudice.’

1992 Economist 21 Nov. 156/3 If you come upon them extending the linguistic frontiers of Gobbledom, action a scenario for their termination with extreme prejudice. Or, as Johnson would put it, kill 'em off.

2004 Weekly Standard 25 Oct. 4 I have, gingerly, suggested to my wife that we might consider turning the volume down on the [baby] monitor so that we hear only the really loud wails... This suggestion was..dismissed with extreme prejudice.

Compounds

prejudice-born adj.

ΚΠ

1902 Daily Chron. 28 Oct. 7/1 Error stupendous, sublime, indefensible, Prejudice-born, I am sadly afraid.

1937 Social Forces 16 187/1 It is only too clear from the enormous examples of hysteria..fads, blind sectarianism, and of other prejudice-born biases of whatever sort, that enormous areas of human action flow from motivations which true reflection has had little or no part in shaping.

prejudice-breeding adj.

ΚΠ

1896 Appletons' Pop. Sci. Monthly Dec. 270/1 They did not foresee such a revival of the prejudice-breeding protectionist system.

a1916 A. Fairclough Teaching Equality (2001) 21 Dyed-in-the-wool Southerner..possessing all the prejudice-breeding attitudes.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

prejudicev.

Brit.

/ˈprɛdʒᵿdɪs/, U.S.

/ˈprɛdʒədəs/

Forms: late Middle English prejudise, late Middle English–1600s preiudice, late Middle English– prejudice, 1500s perjudice, 1500s praeiudice, 1500s preiudish, 1600s prediudice, 1600s proejudice; also Scottish pre-1700 preiugic (perhaps transmission error).

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion; probably partly modelled on a French lexical item, and partly modelled on a Latin lexical item. Etymon: prejudice n.

Etymology: < prejudice n., probably partly after Anglo-Norman and Middle French prejudicier (French préjudicier ) to be prejudicial to (1344 in legal use), to be detrimental (1365) and Anglo-Norman and Middle French prejudicer to be detrimental (1488), and partly after classical Latin praeiūdicāre prejudicate v., in post-classical Latin also occasionally prejudiciare (1304 in a British source). Compare Old Occitan prejudicar, prejudiciar, Italian pregiudicare (14th cent.).

I. To impair.

a. transitive. To affect adversely or unfavourably as a consequence of some action; to impair the validity of (a right, claim, statement, etc.).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > [verb (transitive)] > to person or thing

werdec725

wemc900

forworkOE

evilc1000

teenOE

grievec1230

misdoc1230

mischievec1325

shond1338

endamagec1374

unrighta1393

damagea1400

disvail14..

disavail1429

mischief1437

outrayc1440

prejudice1447

abuse?1473

injuryc1484

danger1488

prejudicate1553

damnify?a1562

wrack1562

inviolate1569

mislestc1573

indemnify1583

qualify1584

interess1587

buse1589

violence1592

injure1597

bane1601

envya1625

prejudiciala1637

founder1655

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > disadvantage > [verb (transitive)] > prejudice

prejudice1447

prejudicate1553

prejudiciala1637

1447 Rolls of Parl. V. 135/1 Noo man havyng any Graunte of oure Soveraigne Lord the King..of any Castels, Lordeshippes..Tenementes..by vertue of this present ordinaunce..bee stopped or prejudiced in any maner wise.

1449 Rolls of Parl. V. 145/2 And youre Letters Patentz..be not prejudised, voided, adnulled, ner empaired by yis act.

1472–3 Rolls of Parl. VI. 25/1 That your seid Suppliant nor his heires be in no wyse hurt nor prejudised by the same Acte.

1524 in J. Strype Eccl. Memorials (1721) I. App. xiii. 30 The delaying..of this matier may do moche harme, and prejudice sundry wises.

1579 G. Harvey Let.-bk. (1884) 67 Ye have preiudishd my good name for ever in thrustinge me thus on the stage to make tryall of my extemporall faculty.

1639 T. Fuller Hist. Holy Warre i. ix. 13 Yet no prescription of time could prejudice the title of the King of Heaven.

1642 J. Goodwin Anti-cavalierisme in W. Haller Tracts on Liberty (1933) II. 246 The forbearance of some actions by some men, wherein they approve themselves unto God, doth not at all prejudice or gainesay the like acceptation of others in their doing them.

1710 Act 8 Anne in London Gaz. No. 4681/3 This Act shall not prejudice the Right of the City of London, or the Lords of any Leet.

1774 T. Pennant Tour Scotl. 1772 110 Bestowing that title should not prejudice his right to the castle and lands.

1843 R. W. Emerson Uncoll. Prose xxxvi This diligence is not without its dangers. It has prejudiced the creative power.

1885 Act 48 & 49 Victoria c. 61 §9 Nothing in this Act contained shall prejudice or interfere with any rights..vested in..the Lord Advocate.

1921 J. Galsworthy To Let 137 The State should do its business without prejudicing in any way the natural advantages which he had acquired.

1976 Ld. Home Way Wind Blows xi. 157 A temporary concession did not prejudice their ultimate goal.

2005 Minnesota Lawyer (Nexis) 16 May The Court of Appeals affirmed, concluding that the defendant did not establish that the pre-charge delay substantially prejudiced his right to a fair trial.

b. transitive. To injure materially; to damage. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > damage > damage or injure [verb (transitive)]

mareOE

shendOE

hinderc1000

amarOE

awemc1275

noyc1300

touchc1300

bleche1340

blemisha1375

spill1377

misdoa1387

grieve1390

damagea1400

despoil?a1400

matea1400

snapea1400

mankc1400

overthrowa1425

tamec1430

undermine1430

blunder1440

depaira1460

adommage?1473

endamage1477

prejudicec1487

fulyie1488

martyra1500

dyscrase?1504

corrupt1526

mangle1534

danger1538

destroy1542

spoil1563

ruinate1564

ruin1567

wrake1570

injury1579

bane1587

massacre1589

ravish1594

wrong1595

rifle1604

tainta1616

mutilea1618

to do violence toa1625

flaw1665

stun1676

quail1682

maul1694

moil1698

damnify1712

margullie1721

maul1782

buga1790

mux1806

queer1818

batter1840

puckeroo1840

rim-rack1841

pretty1868

garbage1899

savage1899

to do in1905

strafe1915

mash1924

blow1943

nuke1967

mung1969

c1487 J. Skelton tr. Diodorus Siculus Bibliotheca Historica ii. 74 He made this pole to be digged, as it were a golette, for the receyte of the streme, lesse that the flode were so excessyue that the waters were standynge beyonde that they were acustomed, by superfluyte of mudde, fylthe, and slymy wose the cuntre shold be preiudiced and haue empeshement.

1591 R. Greene Farewell to Folly sig. C Watching either to preuent or preiudice the enemie.

1615 G. Sandys Relation of Journey 126 The egges being then most fit for that purpose, neither are they..preiudiced by thunder.

1653 in C. H. Firth Clarke Papers (1899) III. 7 This day Vantrump..discharged many cannons against the towne of Dover, whereby some howses were prejudiced, but noe persons slaine.

1706 T. Hearne Remarks & Coll. 9 July (O.H.S.) I. 271 The Binder has somewhat prejudic'd them.

a1774 O. Goldsmith Surv. Exper. Philos. (1776) II. 22 A very convincing proof how much mines of copper may prejudice the atmosphere.

1884 James Lillywhite's Cricketers' Ann. ii. ii. 57 A wicket very much prejudiced by the rain.

1958 H. G. Sanders Outl. Brit. Crop Husbandry (ed. 3) 36 An even more common catch crop..was rye..; this crop provided valuable and very early spring keep, without prejudicing either of the main crops.

II. To prejudge.

†2. transitive. To judge beforehand; esp. to form an unfavourable prejudgement. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > expressed belief, opinion > bias, prejudice > judge with prejudice [verb (transitive)]

prejudice1570

prejudicatea1586

forejudge1603

prejudge1605

1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Ki/1 To Preiudice, præiudicare.

1598 A. M. tr. J. Guillemeau Frenche Chirurg. 33/1 We may præiudice the bones to be altered or polluted.

a1627 J. Hayward Ann. Four Years Elizabeth (Camden) 9 The Queene..desiring them,..that they would not prejudice her in their opiniones.

1642 J. Milton Apol. Smectymnuus 7 To prejudice and forecondemne his adversary in the title for slanderous and scurrilous.

3. transitive. To affect or fill with a prejudice; to give a bias to; to influence the mind or judgement of beforehand, esp. unfairly. With against, in favour of, †to.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > expressed belief, opinion > bias, prejudice > judge with prejudice [verb (transitive)] > cause prejudice in

prevent1551

forestall?1571

bias1581

preoccupate1582

prejudicate1602

prejudice1610

pre-engage1646

prepossess1647

preoccupya1658

tamper1687

1610 A. Willet Hexapla in Danielem 360 I will not preiudice the iudgement of any.

1675 G. R. tr. A. Le Grand Man without Passion 6 Those who..are prejudiced by passion.

1740 S. Richardson Pamela II. 318 The Perverseness and Contradiction I have too often seen.., even among People of Sense, as well as Condition, had prejudiced me to the marry'd State.

1800 S. T. Coleridge Talleyrand to Ld. Grenville in Morning Post 10 Jan. 2/4 Such a meaningless nickname, which never incens'd me, Cannot prejudice you or your Cousin against me.

1868 C. Kingsley Hermits, St. Simon Styl. (1880) 196 I wished..to prejudice my readers' minds in their favour rather than against them.

1898 E. N. Westcott David Harum xxviii. 259 It seemed at the outset of his career in the village as if there had been a combination of circumstance and effort to put him on his guard, and, indeed, rather to prejudice him against his employer.

1952 A. L. Rowse Eng. Past 36 He proceeded to drive home his advantage and prejudice her against Robert.

1994 G. D. Best Witch Hunt in Wise County 172 Their resentment had by now so prejudiced them against her that no evidence of her innocence..could overcome the hold that rumor, suspicion, and innuendo had on their minds.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	prejudice
释义	prejudicen. Brit. /ˈprɛdʒᵿdɪs/, U.S. /ˈprɛdʒədəs/ Forms: Middle English predyjusse (transmission error), Middle English pregedyse, Middle English pregedysse, Middle English pregidyse, Middle English preiudise, Middle English preivdice, Middle English prejidice, Middle English prejudise, Middle English prejudys, Middle English prejvdyse (in a late copy), Middle English preyudice, Middle English pridjudice, Middle English proiedyse (perhaps transmission error), Middle English–1500s preiudyse, Middle English–1500s prejudyce, Middle English (in a late copy)–1500s prejudyse, Middle English–1600s preiudice, Middle English–1600s preiudyce, Middle English– prejudice, 1500s prejudize, 1500s–1600s praeiudice, 1600s preiudize, 1600s prejudis; Scottish pre-1700 praeiudice, pre-1700 praejudice, pre-1700 pregatys, pre-1700 pregedeis, pre-1700 pregedice, pre-1700 pregedyce, pre-1700 pregetis, pre-1700 pregidice, pre-1700 pregidis, pre-1700 pregidys, pre-1700 pregiteise, pre-1700 pregites, pre-1700 pregutes, pre-1700 pregydeis, pre-1700 pregytis, pre-1700 preiedyce, pre-1700 preiougice, pre-1700 preiudice, pre-1700 preiudise, pre-1700 preiudyce, pre-1700 preiudys, pre-1700 prejeduce, pre-1700 prejedus, pre-1700 prejudic, pre-1700 prejudies, pre-1700 prejudis, pre-1700 preuidice (perhaps transmission error), pre-1700 1700s– prejudice. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French prejudice; Latin praeiūdicium. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman prejudis, Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French prejudice (French préjudice ) harm, damage (second half of the 13th cent. in Old French; compare also Old French prejuise (13th cent.)), preliminary judgement (a1350), action of making a first attempt in order to anticipate what lies ahead (1559), precedent for similar cases in the future (1561) and its etymon classical Latin praeiūdicium preliminary enquiry, preceding judgement or decision, precedent, opinion formed in advance, preconception, prejudice, damage < prae- pre- prefix + iūdicium judgement, sentence (see judicial adj.). Compare Old Occitan, Occitan prejudici disadvantage, damage, harm (1253), Catalan prejudici disadvantage, damage, harm (1285; now obsolete), prejudice (19th cent. or earlier), perjudici disadvantage, damage, harm (13th cent.), Spanish perjuicio disadvantage, damage, harm (c1242), prejuicio disadvantage, damage, harm (13th cent. as prejudizio; now obsolete), prejudice (15th cent. as prejuizio), Portuguese prejuízo (13th cent.), Italian pregiudizio harm, injury (a1276), preconceived opinion (1665). I. Prejudgement. 1. a. Preconceived opinion not based on reason or actual experience; bias, partiality; (now) spec. unreasoned dislike, hostility, or antagonism towards, or discrimination against, a race, sex, or other class of people. †In early use (see quot. c1300): contempt (obsolete). ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > harm or injury > [noun] loathc900 teenOE ungrithlOE wemming1100 waningc1175 wrongc1275 prejudicec1300 derea1325 torferc1325 eviltyc1330 griefc1330 wem1338 injurec1374 truitc1390 noyinga1398 inconvenience14.. nocument?a1425 outraya1425 injuryc1430 mischieving1432 supprise1442 incommodityc1450 interess1489 grudge1491 tort1532 wreaka1542 impeachment1548 inconveniency1553 indemnity1556 interestc1575 abuse1595 mischievance1600 oblesion1656 grit1876 the mind > mental capacity > belief > expressed belief, opinion > bias, prejudice > [noun] forejudging1571 preoccupation1572 prejudicateness1603 prejudicacy1608 forestalment1611 prepossession1638 anticipation1640 prejudice1643 biasedness1667 prevention1671 engagement1689 prejudgement1799 strabismus1844 parti pris1860 c1300 St. Thomas Becket (Laud) 1701 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 155 Þe king in preiudice [a1350 Ashm. despit] of him, and to bi-nimen him is riȝte, Let oþur bischopes crouni is sone. c1450 (a1400) Orologium Sapientiæ in Anglia (1888) 10 383 (MED) Þat þinge þat a man loveþ inwardly, hee..coueitiþ þat hit scholde be loved and preysed of alle oþere with-oute preiudice of hym-selfe. a1475 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Life Man (Vitell.) 6450 (MED) Thow herdyst how dame penaunce Made a declaracioun Off vj gatys..And fyve off hem..wer the wyttys fyue..The wych gatys..I wyl now take in specyal With-oute preiudice at al. 1582 R. Mulcaster 1st Pt. Elementarie ix. 44 Preiudice, when he that misliketh doth know the thing well, but is so wedded vnto, naie rather so bewitched with his own fantsie, which it self is seduced by som foren allurement, as he will rather mislike against knowledge, then withstand against fantsie. 1611 Bible (King James) 1 Tim. v. 21 Y preie..that thou kepe these thingis with oute preiudice [a1425 E.V. withouten bifore dom; L. sine præiudicio; 1582 Rheims without preiudice; 1611 King James without preferring, marg. prejudice; 1881 R.V. without prejudice, marg. preference]. 1643 Sir T. Browne Religio Medici (authorized ed.) i. §3 At a solemn Procession I have wept abundantly, while my consorts, blind with opposition and prejudice, have fallen into an excess of scorn and laughter. View more context for this quotation 1719 T. D'Urfey Wit & Mirth I. 342 Who rails at Faults, through Pers'nal Prejudice, Shews more his own, than shame another's Vice. 1762 A. Dickson Treat. Agric. i. iii. 18 If a person divests himself of prejudice, and attachment to any particular opinion. 1776 S. Hopkins Dialogue conc. Slavery Africans 34 If we could only divest ourselves of those strong prejudices, which have insensibly fixed on our minds, and consider them [sc. Africans] as, by nature, and by right, on a level with our brethren and children. 1790 E. Burke Refl. Revol. in France 130 Prejudice renders a man's virtue his habit... Through just prejudice, his duty becomes a part of his nature. View more context for this quotation 1861 J. Bright in Times 18 July 9/3 Ignorance is the mother of prejudice, whether among nations or individuals. 1890 C. W. Dilke Probl. Greater Brit. 327 The general opinion of the English..is distinctly favourable to the moral qualities of the Boers, in spite of many obvious reasons why prejudice should come into the account. 1931 H. Read Meaning of Art II. 95 It is certainly prejudice which stands in the way of most people's appreciation of Baroque art. 1973 S. Biko in Black Theol. v. 38 So immersed are they in prejudice that they do not believe that blacks can formulate their thoughts without white guidance. 2002 N. Nicolson Fanny Burney iv. 47 From ignorance, xenophobia and prejudice, the British regarded them not as victims of the Revolution, but as its perpetrators. b. An instance of this; a feeling, favourable or unfavourable, towards a person, thing, or class; an unreasoning preference or objection; a bias. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > expressed belief, opinion > bias, prejudice > [noun] > instance of prejudgementa1538 prejudice1563 preconceit1593 preconceptiona1631 prepossession1638 presentiment1751 unconscious bias1784 sizeism1971 1563 N. Winȝet Certain Tractates (1890) II. 33/20 Pestilent errouris, quhilkis..thow may noth parsaue, quhilis thou is led be the præiudice of the auld doctrine. 1602 J. Marston Hist. Antonio & Mellida Induct. sig. A4 I will defende the feminine to death; and ding his spirit to..hell, that dares diuulge a Ladies preiudice. 1654 J. Bramhall Just Vindic. Church of Eng. iii. 51 God looks upon his creatures with all their prejudices, and expects no more of them then according to the talents which he hath given them. 1662 B. Gerbier Brief Disc. Princ. Building 8 Being prepossessed with a prejudice. 1705 F. Atterbury Serm. St. James's Chapel 8 Such..have had all the early Prejudices of Education on the side of Truth. 1792 M. Wollstonecraft Vindic. Rights Woman ii. 59 A mistaken education, a narrow uncultivated mind, and many sexual prejudices, tend to make women more constant than men. a1806 J. Barry in R. N. Wornum Lect. on Painting (1848) 228 The works of Correggio, for which they had contracted an early prejudice. 1830 I. D'Israeli Comm. Life Charles I III. i. 2 He cannot..remove the prejudices which are raised against him. 1894 H. Drummond Lowell Lect. Ascent of Man 5 A historian dares not have a prejudice, but he cannot escape a purpose. 1943 P. Larkin Let. 1 Sept. in Sel. Lett. (1992) 67 England may be full of dishonesty and unpleasantness and sordidity etc. but I..have a prejudice in favour of it. 1981 R. G. Myers Connecting Worlds 71 In some Third World circles, I have encountered what can only be labeled a prejudice against Indian researchers. 2001 J. B. Jacobs Hate Crimes 135 It is not sensible to infer the values and beliefs of our citizenry from the prejudices and conduct of a small number of vicious criminals. †c. Something prejudicial. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ a1732 F. Atterbury Serm. Several Occas. (1734) I. 27 Those Articles of the Roman Catholick Faith..are to be received implicitly, without..Discussion... Now this is the greatest Prejudice imaginable against the Truth of the Doctrines of any Church. †2. a. The action of judging an event beforehand; prognostication, presaging. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > anticipation, forecast > [noun] forecastinga1529 foreguessing1548 prevening1557 prejudice1560 prolepsis1578 foredeeming1587 forestalment1611 forestalling1641 forethought1653 anticipation1711 pre-empting1857 precasting1863 second-guessing1946 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. xxviij^v There were diuerse that diswaded hym, puttynge him in mynde howe his bokes were brent, which was a certen preiudice of his condemnation. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. ix. sig. X2 That nought mote hinder his quicke preiudize. 1598 R. Grenewey tr. Tacitus Descr. Germanie ii, in Annales 261 So [they] trie their valour: and by that preiudice [L. praeiudicio], coniecture on whose side the victorie shall fall. b. A prior judgement; esp. a judgement formed hastily or before due consideration. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > misjudgement > [noun] > premature judgement forejudgement1548 prejudice1583 prejudication1606 foregone conclusiona1616 1583 Sir T. Smith's De Republica Anglorum ii. xxiii. 76 For as xij haue giuen a preiudice against him, so xij againe must acquite or condemne him. 1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xxvi. ii. 583 Least that they might seeme to approve the very same thing by their prejudice [L. praeiudicato] and dome aforehand. 1835 R. Whately in E. J. Whately Life & Corr. R. Whately (1866) I. 313 I strongly protested against the charge of ‘prejudice’ in the strict sense, viz., as a pre-judicium, a judgment formed antecedently to knowledge. †3. A preliminary or anticipatory judgement; a preconceived idea as to what will happen; an anticipation. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > expectation > [noun] > instance of expectation1523 looking for1532 aspect1587 looking forwarda1646 prejudice1748 1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson ii. ix. 225 Our former despair by degrees gave place to more sanguine prejudices. 1754–8 T. Newton Diss. Prophecies xi. 147 Let us lay aside all [traditions] and examine what prejudices can be gathered from records of good account. 1770 P. Luckombe Conc. Hist. Printing 20 The..initial letters, &c...give a prejudice at sight of their being the first productions of the Art amongst us. II. Harm, injury. 4. a. Harm, detriment, or injury to a person or thing resulting from a judgement or action, esp. one in which a person's rights are disregarded; resulting injury. Now chiefly in phrases. in prejudice of: to the (intended or consequent) detriment or injury of. to the prejudice of: with resulting harm to. without prejudice, without detriment to any existing right or claim; (Law) without any damage to one's own rights or claims (see quot. 1872). ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > disadvantage > [noun] > disadvantage as a result of something prejudicec1350 c1350 (a1333) William of Shoreham Poems (1902) 35 Ȝef hyt ne be nauȝt to þy prest Malice ne preiudice. 1389 in J. T. Smith & L. T. Smith Eng. Gilds (1870) 23 To make non ordinaunce in prejudice ne lettyng of ye comoun lawe. c1440 S. Scrope tr. C. de Pisan Epist. of Othea (St. John's Cambr.) (1970) 100 It is vileine & a foul þing to refuse..þat þe which may not turne to vice ne to preiudice. a1475 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Life Man (Vitell.) 3918 (MED) Al thys I wrouhte, thorgh my myht, With-oute preiudyce of your ryht. ?c1500 Mary Magdalene (Digby) 234 Be-warre ye do no pregedyse a-ȝen þe law. 1534 (?a1500) Shearmen & Taylors' Pageant 407 in H. Craig Two Coventry Corpus Christi Plays (1931) 14 ‘Can I nott aspy be noo wysse How thys chylde borne schuldbe with-ow [read with-owt] naturis prejudyse.’.. ‘Nay, no prejvdyse vnto nature, I dare well sey.’ 1567–8 in L. M. Clopper Rec. Early Eng. Drama: Chester (1979) 81 Provided alwaies that the having of the said possessyon of the said Rowme place or mansyon shall not be hurtful nor preiudice to nether of the said parties. 1630 tr. G. Botero Relations Famous Kingdomes World (rev. ed.) 292 The sheepe..or their fleeces, are bought up by the Netherlands, and imployed in the making of cloth, to some prejudice of ours in England. 1686 tr. J. Chardin Coronation Solyman 10 in Trav. Persia To advance the Younger Son, in prejudice of the Eldest. a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. 253 It was no small prejudice to him, that he was recommended by so bad a man. 1775 Rules & Regulations (Articles of War) in Jrnls. Continental Congr. (U.S.) ii. 119 All dis-orders and neglects, which officers and soldiers may be guilty of, to the prejudice of good order and military discipline..are to be taken cognizance of. 1821 T. Jefferson Autobiogr. in Writings (1984) 62 A material error which I have committed in another place to the prejudice of the Empress. 1838 in J. Manning & T. C. Granger Rep. Common Pleas IX. 918 The above I offer without prejudice, in case it is not agreed to. 1845 J. R. McCulloch Treat. Taxation i. i. 45 It is easy to see that it might be entirely swept off by a tax, without prejudice to the interests of any class except the landlords. 1872 Wharton's Law Lexicon (ed. 5) 763/2 Without Prejudice, is [said in reference] to overtures and communications between litigants..before trial or verdict. The words import an understanding that if the negotiation fails, nothing that has passed shall be taken advantage of thereafter. 1936 F. G. Young in Lancet 8 Aug. 301/2 The pituitary substance..will be called the ‘glycotropic factor’ without prejudice to the question of its existence as a separate entity. 1986 Stone's Justices' Man. (ed. 118) III. v. 6177 Without prejudice to rule 2(1), the Court or judge hearing an application for a writ of habeas corpus ad subjiciendum may in its or his discretion order that the person restrained be released. 2000 R. A. Hall Combat Battalion 245 They had apparently committed several offences including..conduct to the prejudice of good order and military discipline. †b. gen. Injury, damage, harm. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > damage > [noun] harmOE tinsela1340 damagec1374 offensiona1382 pairmentc1384 wrongc1384 offencec1385 wrackc1407 lesion?a1425 ruin1467 prejudicec1485 domager1502 qualm1513 jacture1515 imblemishment1529 perishment1540 impeachment1548 blame1549 dommagie1556 execution1581 damagement1603 sufferancea1616 stroy1682 murder1809 punishment1839 c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 126 And coud nane othir way escape fra the thef, but preiudice of his awin lyf, bot to sla him. 1539 T. Cromwell in R. B. Merriman Life & Lett. T. Cromwell (1902) II. 203 Veray lothe his highne[s] wold be to see any of them..to take any harme or preiudice at the papistes handes. 1565 A. Golding tr. Caesar Martiall Exploytes in Gallia v. f. 119^v He sent hys wagoners..out of the woodes vpon our men of armes and encountred with them to their great preiudice. 1591 R. Greene Maidens Dreame Ep. Ded. Your deceased Vnckle, whose death being the common preiudice of a present age, was lamented of most. 1600 J. Lane Tom Tel-Troths Message 591 As rauening wolues that liue by preiudice. 1657 S. Purchas Theatre Flying-insects 135 This prejudice is chiefly caused in narrow and close grounds..and seldome comes on hills. 1678 G. Mackenzie Laws & Customes Scotl. i. 117 If the prejudice be done by the Horses foremest feet, then the Ryder shall be forc'd to satisfy for the prejudice done. a1714 Earl of Cromarty Hist. Family Mackenzie in W. Fraser Earls of Cromartie (1876) II. 472 Maugre all the prejudice of warr. 1741 H. Purefoy Let. 3 May in G. Eland Purefoy Lett. (1931) I. iii. 59 You have Judgement good enough to know whether this slob will prove right or no; it is a great prejudice to the new clean floor to take the slob up and put it down. 1790 R. Beatson Naval & Mil. Mem. I. 314 They were so well covered by a bank of sand, that the cannon of the frigates could not do them the smallest prejudice. c. U.S. euphemistic. In the jargon of the intelligence community. to terminate with extreme prejudice: to assassinate. termination with extreme prejudice: assassination. Hence in extended use (chiefly humorous) with extreme prejudice: with great vigour or effect; with finality; to an extraordinary or impressive degree. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > killing > man-killing or homicide > murder or assassination > murder or assassinate [verb (transitive)] amurderOE murderc1175 homicidec1470 murdresc1480 murtrish1490 manquell1548 slaughter1582 massacre1591 assassinate1600 remove1609 assassin1620 to do the business for a person1759 Septembrize1794 croak1823 square1888 shift1898 to take out1900 to bump off1907 bump1914 to do in1914 to put out1917 to knock off1919 terminate1920 to give (a person) the works1929 scrag1930 snuff1932 wash1941 waste1964 wipe1968 to terminate with extreme prejudice1969 neutralize1970 snuff1973 stiff1974 1969 N.Y. Times 14 Aug. 2 His status as a double agent was reportedly confirmed by the Central Intelligence Agency, which..suggested that he either be isolated or ‘terminated with extreme prejudice’. 1974 F. Nolan Oshawa Project xvi. 105 Had he been taken out by his own people?.. He had seen some of those files with the brutal red block letters stamped diagonally across the page: Terminate with extreme prejudice. 1980 C. Pincher Dirty Tricks i. 10 A ‘termination with extreme prejudice’, as the CIA called its assassination projects in those days. 1990 C. Buckley Wet Work 5 ‘Extreme Unction’ always sounded so severe, you know? Like ‘Unction with Extreme Prejudice.’ 1992 Economist 21 Nov. 156/3 If you come upon them extending the linguistic frontiers of Gobbledom, action a scenario for their termination with extreme prejudice. Or, as Johnson would put it, kill 'em off. 2004 Weekly Standard 25 Oct. 4 I have, gingerly, suggested to my wife that we might consider turning the volume down on the [baby] monitor so that we hear only the really loud wails... This suggestion was..dismissed with extreme prejudice. Compounds prejudice-born adj. ΚΠ 1902 Daily Chron. 28 Oct. 7/1 Error stupendous, sublime, indefensible, Prejudice-born, I am sadly afraid. 1937 Social Forces 16 187/1 It is only too clear from the enormous examples of hysteria..fads, blind sectarianism, and of other prejudice-born biases of whatever sort, that enormous areas of human action flow from motivations which true reflection has had little or no part in shaping. prejudice-breeding adj. ΚΠ 1896 Appletons' Pop. Sci. Monthly Dec. 270/1 They did not foresee such a revival of the prejudice-breeding protectionist system. a1916 A. Fairclough Teaching Equality (2001) 21 Dyed-in-the-wool Southerner..possessing all the prejudice-breeding attitudes. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2022). prejudicev. Brit. /ˈprɛdʒᵿdɪs/, U.S. /ˈprɛdʒədəs/ Forms: late Middle English prejudise, late Middle English–1600s preiudice, late Middle English– prejudice, 1500s perjudice, 1500s praeiudice, 1500s preiudish, 1600s prediudice, 1600s proejudice; also Scottish pre-1700 preiugic (perhaps transmission error). Origin: Formed within English, by conversion; probably partly modelled on a French lexical item, and partly modelled on a Latin lexical item. Etymon: prejudice n. Etymology: < prejudice n., probably partly after Anglo-Norman and Middle French prejudicier (French préjudicier ) to be prejudicial to (1344 in legal use), to be detrimental (1365) and Anglo-Norman and Middle French prejudicer to be detrimental (1488), and partly after classical Latin praeiūdicāre prejudicate v., in post-classical Latin also occasionally prejudiciare (1304 in a British source). Compare Old Occitan prejudicar, prejudiciar, Italian pregiudicare (14th cent.). I. To impair. 1. a. transitive. To affect adversely or unfavourably as a consequence of some action; to impair the validity of (a right, claim, statement, etc.). ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > [verb (transitive)] > to person or thing werdec725 wemc900 forworkOE evilc1000 teenOE grievec1230 misdoc1230 mischievec1325 shond1338 endamagec1374 unrighta1393 damagea1400 disvail14.. disavail1429 mischief1437 outrayc1440 prejudice1447 abuse?1473 injuryc1484 danger1488 prejudicate1553 damnify?a1562 wrack1562 inviolate1569 mislestc1573 indemnify1583 qualify1584 interess1587 buse1589 violence1592 injure1597 bane1601 envya1625 prejudiciala1637 founder1655 the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > disadvantage > [verb (transitive)] > prejudice prejudice1447 prejudicate1553 prejudiciala1637 1447 Rolls of Parl. V. 135/1 Noo man havyng any Graunte of oure Soveraigne Lord the King..of any Castels, Lordeshippes..Tenementes..by vertue of this present ordinaunce..bee stopped or prejudiced in any maner wise. 1449 Rolls of Parl. V. 145/2 And youre Letters Patentz..be not prejudised, voided, adnulled, ner empaired by yis act. 1472–3 Rolls of Parl. VI. 25/1 That your seid Suppliant nor his heires be in no wyse hurt nor prejudised by the same Acte. 1524 in J. Strype Eccl. Memorials (1721) I. App. xiii. 30 The delaying..of this matier may do moche harme, and prejudice sundry wises. 1579 G. Harvey Let.-bk. (1884) 67 Ye have preiudishd my good name for ever in thrustinge me thus on the stage to make tryall of my extemporall faculty. 1639 T. Fuller Hist. Holy Warre i. ix. 13 Yet no prescription of time could prejudice the title of the King of Heaven. 1642 J. Goodwin Anti-cavalierisme in W. Haller Tracts on Liberty (1933) II. 246 The forbearance of some actions by some men, wherein they approve themselves unto God, doth not at all prejudice or gainesay the like acceptation of others in their doing them. 1710 Act 8 Anne in London Gaz. No. 4681/3 This Act shall not prejudice the Right of the City of London, or the Lords of any Leet. 1774 T. Pennant Tour Scotl. 1772 110 Bestowing that title should not prejudice his right to the castle and lands. 1843 R. W. Emerson Uncoll. Prose xxxvi This diligence is not without its dangers. It has prejudiced the creative power. 1885 Act 48 & 49 Victoria c. 61 §9 Nothing in this Act contained shall prejudice or interfere with any rights..vested in..the Lord Advocate. 1921 J. Galsworthy To Let 137 The State should do its business without prejudicing in any way the natural advantages which he had acquired. 1976 Ld. Home Way Wind Blows xi. 157 A temporary concession did not prejudice their ultimate goal. 2005 Minnesota Lawyer (Nexis) 16 May The Court of Appeals affirmed, concluding that the defendant did not establish that the pre-charge delay substantially prejudiced his right to a fair trial. b. transitive. To injure materially; to damage. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > damage > damage or injure [verb (transitive)] mareOE shendOE hinderc1000 amarOE awemc1275 noyc1300 touchc1300 bleche1340 blemisha1375 spill1377 misdoa1387 grieve1390 damagea1400 despoil?a1400 matea1400 snapea1400 mankc1400 overthrowa1425 tamec1430 undermine1430 blunder1440 depaira1460 adommage?1473 endamage1477 prejudicec1487 fulyie1488 martyra1500 dyscrase?1504 corrupt1526 mangle1534 danger1538 destroy1542 spoil1563 ruinate1564 ruin1567 wrake1570 injury1579 bane1587 massacre1589 ravish1594 wrong1595 rifle1604 tainta1616 mutilea1618 to do violence toa1625 flaw1665 stun1676 quail1682 maul1694 moil1698 damnify1712 margullie1721 maul1782 buga1790 mux1806 queer1818 batter1840 puckeroo1840 rim-rack1841 pretty1868 garbage1899 savage1899 to do in1905 strafe1915 mash1924 blow1943 nuke1967 mung1969 c1487 J. Skelton tr. Diodorus Siculus Bibliotheca Historica ii. 74 He made this pole to be digged, as it were a golette, for the receyte of the streme, lesse that the flode were so excessyue that the waters were standynge beyonde that they were acustomed, by superfluyte of mudde, fylthe, and slymy wose the cuntre shold be preiudiced and haue empeshement. 1591 R. Greene Farewell to Folly sig. C Watching either to preuent or preiudice the enemie. 1615 G. Sandys Relation of Journey 126 The egges being then most fit for that purpose, neither are they..preiudiced by thunder. 1653 in C. H. Firth Clarke Papers (1899) III. 7 This day Vantrump..discharged many cannons against the towne of Dover, whereby some howses were prejudiced, but noe persons slaine. 1706 T. Hearne Remarks & Coll. 9 July (O.H.S.) I. 271 The Binder has somewhat prejudic'd them. a1774 O. Goldsmith Surv. Exper. Philos. (1776) II. 22 A very convincing proof how much mines of copper may prejudice the atmosphere. 1884 James Lillywhite's Cricketers' Ann. ii. ii. 57 A wicket very much prejudiced by the rain. 1958 H. G. Sanders Outl. Brit. Crop Husbandry (ed. 3) 36 An even more common catch crop..was rye..; this crop provided valuable and very early spring keep, without prejudicing either of the main crops. II. To prejudge. †2. transitive. To judge beforehand; esp. to form an unfavourable prejudgement. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > expressed belief, opinion > bias, prejudice > judge with prejudice [verb (transitive)] prejudice1570 prejudicatea1586 forejudge1603 prejudge1605 1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Ki/1 To Preiudice, præiudicare. 1598 A. M. tr. J. Guillemeau Frenche Chirurg. 33/1 We may præiudice the bones to be altered or polluted. a1627 J. Hayward Ann. Four Years Elizabeth (Camden) 9 The Queene..desiring them,..that they would not prejudice her in their opiniones. 1642 J. Milton Apol. Smectymnuus 7 To prejudice and forecondemne his adversary in the title for slanderous and scurrilous. 3. transitive. To affect or fill with a prejudice; to give a bias to; to influence the mind or judgement of beforehand, esp. unfairly. With against, in favour of, †to. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > expressed belief, opinion > bias, prejudice > judge with prejudice [verb (transitive)] > cause prejudice in prevent1551 forestall?1571 bias1581 preoccupate1582 prejudicate1602 prejudice1610 pre-engage1646 prepossess1647 preoccupya1658 tamper1687 1610 A. Willet Hexapla in Danielem 360 I will not preiudice the iudgement of any. 1675 G. R. tr. A. Le Grand Man without Passion 6 Those who..are prejudiced by passion. 1740 S. Richardson Pamela II. 318 The Perverseness and Contradiction I have too often seen.., even among People of Sense, as well as Condition, had prejudiced me to the marry'd State. 1800 S. T. Coleridge Talleyrand to Ld. Grenville in Morning Post 10 Jan. 2/4 Such a meaningless nickname, which never incens'd me, Cannot prejudice you or your Cousin against me. 1868 C. Kingsley Hermits, St. Simon Styl. (1880) 196 I wished..to prejudice my readers' minds in their favour rather than against them. 1898 E. N. Westcott David Harum xxviii. 259 It seemed at the outset of his career in the village as if there had been a combination of circumstance and effort to put him on his guard, and, indeed, rather to prejudice him against his employer. 1952 A. L. Rowse Eng. Past 36 He proceeded to drive home his advantage and prejudice her against Robert. 1994 G. D. Best Witch Hunt in Wise County 172 Their resentment had by now so prejudiced them against her that no evidence of her innocence..could overcome the hold that rumor, suspicion, and innuendo had on their minds. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c1300v.1447
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