| 释义 |
▪ I. strut, n.1|strʌt|
Forms: 3–4 strutt, 4 strot, 4, 9 dial. strout, 3–4, 7– strut. See also sturt n. and a-strut.
[The form strout prob. represents an OE. *strút = OHG., MHG. strûȥ masc., combat, strife (MHG. also strûȥe fem.; mod.G. dial. strauss):—OTeut. type *strūto-z, f. root *strū̆t-, perh. orig. meaning to stand out, project, protrude; cf. ON. strút-r conical headdress, Norw. strut spout, snout, Da. strud end of a sausage, etc., Sw. strut cornet of paper. The forms strut)t and perh. strot appear to represent a different formation (from the weak grade of the root); see strut v.1, and cf. Norw. strutt obstinate resistance.]
1. Strife, contention; a quarrel, wrangle, contest. Obs. exc. dial.
a1300Cursor M. 3461 Þair strut it was vn-stern stith. Ibid. 27617 O pride bicums vnbuxumnes, strif, and strutt, and frawardnes. c1300Havelok 1039 And he maden mikel strout Abouten þe alþerbeste but. 13..E.E. Allit. P. A. 848 Among vus commez non oþer strot ne stryf. 1677W. Hughes Man of Sin ii. i. 6 Could there be a strut, or fewd betwixt the two Apostles? a1825Forby Voc. E. Anglia, Strout, a struggle; bustle; quarrel.
†2. Display, flaunting in fine attire. Obs.
1303R. Brunne Handl. Synne 3347 But wlde þey þenke þat make swyche strut, yn what robe, yn erþe, þey shul be put.
▪ II. strut, n.2|strʌt|
Also 7–9 strutt.
[Proximate origin obscure; from the root of strut n.1, v.1 Cf. LG. strutt, rigid.]
1. A bar, rod, or built-up member, of wood, iron, etc., designed to resist pressure or thrust in a framework; e.g. a diagonal timber which acts as a brace to support a principal rafter.
1587L. Mascall Bk. Cattle ii. (1596) 120 Preparing the cart... See the rath staues and struts be whole and sound. 1668Leybourn Platf. Purchasers 132, K King-piece or Joggle⁓piece. L Strutts. 1688Holme Armoury iii. 450/1 Struts, or Bunspars, pieces that go from either side the Kings piece to the Rafter of the Gable end to support them. 1755Hales Distillation in Phil. Trans. XLIX. 314 Three or four small struts may be fixed to the sides of the air-box. 1845Civil Engin. & Arch. Jrnl. VIII. 213/1 Mr. Adie introduced a series of arches or struts, traversing the railway at intervals of 15 feet from centre to centre. These struts consisted of two arches of rubble and rough ashlar masonry, placed back to back. 1854A. E. Baker Northampt. Gloss., Strut, a pole or stick, with a spike at the end, to be let down from the shaft of a cart, to keep the weight off the horse's back when standing still with a heavy load. 1859Newton's Lond. Jrnl. Arts 1 Feb. 114 A short iron strut or link is jointed to the thin end of each tongue-rail and to the end chair. 1879Cassell's Techn. Educ. I. 107/2 Beyond that opening, how⁓ever, bridges are usually sustained by struts or tension-rods. 1886Encycl. Brit. XXI. 819/2 The beam is required to act as a shore or strut, to prevent the sides of the ship from collapsing, and also as a tie to prevent their falling apart.
b. attrib., as strut-brace, † strut-stower; strut-beam = strutting-beam (see strutting vbl. n.2 c).
1668Leybourn Platf. Purchasers 132 Of the Roof... Coller-beam, Strutt-beam, Window-beam, or Top-beam. 17..in F. Peck Mem. O. Cromwell etc. ii. (1740) 58 [Alleged covenant of a.d. 1159] He shall deliver to you..ten stakes, eleven strut stowers & eleven yeathers, to be cut by you. 1869Rankine Machine & Hand-tools App. 26 The most efficient position for those ribs would be diagonal, like that of the strut-braces in a skeleton beam.
¶2. The alleged sense in quot. 1865 and subsequent Dicts. ‘An implement of bone or wood formerly used to shape the folds of ruffs’ is founded on quot. 1575, where stroout appears to be for strouted pa. pple. of strout, strut v.1 (sense 2 c).
1575Laneham Let. 47 Hiz shyrt..with rufs fayr starched,..marshalld in good order: with a setting stik, & stroout yt euery ruf stood vp like a wafer. 1865F. B. Palliser Hist. Lace xxiii. 286 The tools used in starching and fluting ruffs were called setting-sticks, struts, and poking-sticks; the two first were made of wood or bone.
▪ III. strut, n.3|strʌt|
Also 7 strout.
[f. strut v.1]
a. A manner of walking with stiff steps and head erect, affecting dignity or superiority; a stiff, self-important gait.
1607G. Wilkins Mis. Enf. Marr. iv. G 2, Curle vp your haire, walke with the best strouts you can. 1712Addison Spect. No. 335 ⁋2 Upon the entring of Pyrrhus, the Knight told me, that he did not believe the King of France himself had a better Strut. 1768H. Walpole Let. to Earl Strafford 16 Aug., He has the sublime strut of his grandfather, or of a cock-sparrow. 1784Cowper Task v. 74 The cock foregoes His wonted strut. 1847De Quincey Sp. Mil. Nun xii. Wks. 1853 III. 32 Mr. Urquiza entered first, with a strut more than usually grandiose.
b. fig.
c1800A. Hamilton in F. S. Oliver Life (1906) 198 Real firmness is good for anything; strut is good for nothing. 1861Pearson Early & Mid. Ages Eng. xxvii. 330 A little more strut and bluster are required for the heroes who tread the stage of the world. 1877Mrs. Oliphant Makers Flor. vi. 167 That strut and crow of conscious superiority which is..so common among his class.
c. A type of slow and complicated dance or dance-step.
[1917: see shimmy n.2 1] .1937[see Big Apple s.v. big a. B. 2]. 1970C. Major Dict. Afro-Amer. Slang 111 Strut.., a fancy-step slow dance. 1979R. Gillespie Crossword Mystery i. 17 He..executed a few soft-shoe steps which merged into a strut.
▪ IV. strut, n.4|strʌt|
[f. strut v.2]
The act of strutting; deflexion (of the spoke of a wheel) from the perpendicular.
1880Encycl. Brit. XI. 311/1 There is little strut, so that the lowest spoke is nearly vertical, and the tire forms a frustum of a cone, instead of being a cylinder.
▪ V. † strut, a. Obs.
In 8 Sc. strute.
[Connected with strut v.1; perh. orig. the pa. pple.]
So full as to be swollen or distended. Also Sc., intoxicated, ‘fou’. Also in comb. strut-bellied adj.
1577tr. Bullinger's Decades iii. iii. (1592) 313 The state of famished Lazarus..was farre better than the surfetting of the strut-bellied glutton. 1601Holland Pliny xi. xli. I. 348 Many [women] are so frim and free of milke, that all their breasts are strut and full thereof, even as farre as to their arme-holes. 1609― Amm. Marcell. 213 When hee beginneth now to returne with his bellie strut and full. 1715Ramsay Christ's Kirk Gr. ii. xvii, When he was strute, twa sturdy chiels..Held up..The liquid logic scholar. 1724― Wyfe of Auchtermuchty xiv, The deil cut aff their hands.., That cramd your kytes sae strute yestrein.
▪ VI. strut, v.1|strʌt|
Inflected strutted, strutting. Forms: α. 1 strútian, 3–7 stroute, 4–7 strowte, 6–7 strowt, stroot(e, 6–9 strout. β. 3–5 strut(e, 6 strutte, 7 strutt, 6– strut.
[The α forms represent OE. strútian, prob. f. *strút strut n.1; corresponding formations are mod.G. dial. straussen to wrangle, Da. strude to strut; also (with difference of conjugation), MHG. striuȥen wk. v. to contend, struggle (mod.G. dial. sträussen). The β forms, though they may partly have arisen from contracted pa. pple. forms with shortened vowel, appear also to represent a distinct formation (not recorded in OE.) from the weak grade of the root, corresponding to MHG., mod.G. strotzen to swell out, bulge, Sw. strutta to hop, strut, Da. strutte to strut, Norw. strutta to offer obstinate resistance, strotta to sulk. Although the α and β types partly represent different formations, both are found in each of the senses; they are therefore here treated as variants of the same word.]
†1. intr. (Meaning somewhat uncertain.) ? To make a show of working; ? to struggle, make efforts. OE. rare—1.
c1000ælfric Saints' Lives xxxii. 208 Swa þæt se halᵹa wer [sc. the enshrined St. Eadmund] hi [sc. a band of robbers] wundorlice ᵹeband, ælcne swa he stod strutiᵹende mid tole [orig. sanctus martyr eos ligat in ipso conamine], þæt heora nan ne mihte þæt morð ᵹefremman, ne hi þanon astyrian.
†2.
a. To bulge, swell; to protrude on account of being full or swollen. Often with out. Obs.
αa1300Rel. Ant. II. 15 Ne be þi winpil neuere..so stroutende. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xiii. xxix. (Tollem. MS.) And ofte he bloweþ outt his wombe and makeþ it stroute. c1440Promp. Parv. 480/2 Strowtyn, or bocyn owte, turgeo. c1611Chapman Iliad i. 464 The Misens strooted with the gale. 1612Drayton Poly-olb. xiii. 402 The daintie Clouer..That makes each Vdder strout abundantly with milke. 1668Culpeper & Cole Barthol. Anat. i. xx. 51 Somtimes being full, it [the Bladder] does so strout in the belly, that it may be felt by the hand. 1854A. E. Baker Northampt. Gloss., Strout, to protrude, to swell.
β1606Dekker News fr. Hell Wks. (Grosart) II. 124 Hauing..cheeks strutting out (like two footebals). 1609Holland Amm. Marcell. 373 Being for the nonce full of wine, till his skin strutted againe. 1678A. Behn Sir P. Fancy ii. ii. 28 Lord how he's swoln? see how his Stomach struts? 1771J. Adams Diary 5 June, Wks. 1850 II. 268 The cow, whose teats strut with milk, is unmilked till nine o'clock.
†b. transf. To be stuffed or filled with. Obs.
c1611Chapman Iliad xxi. 540 When Troy, and all her towres, Strooted with fillers. a1624Bp. M. Smith Serm. (1632) 221 If the Exchequer doe stroute, and be stuft with siluer and gold.
†c. trans. To distend, cause to swell or bulge, make protuberant; to puff out. Also, to stuff or cram (with). Obs.
1540Palsgr. Acolastus ii. iv. M iv, That scrippe or bagge..whiche is now..stroutted out with moche money. 1575Banister Chyrurg. i. (1585) 17 When the veines are strowted out by the effusion of humor. 1613Purchas Pilgrimage ix. iii. 700 Knitting their furrowed browes, and strouting out their goggle eyes to watch their treasure. 1648Herrick Hesp., Paranæt. to M. J. Wicks 21 And let Thy servant, not thy own self, sweat, To strut thy barnes with sheafs of Wheat. 1675J. Smith Chr. Relig. Appeal iv. 84, I have seen children, when they are strutted with the Milk, Play with the Breast. c1730Ramsay Boy & Pig 9 The strait neck o't [sc. the pot] wadna suffer The hand..Sae struted, to return again. 1740in Mrs. Delany Autobiog. & Corr. (1861) II. 72 His lady looked like a frightened owl, her locks strutted out and most furiously greased.
fig.c1624Bacon Consid. War with Spain (1629) 33, I will make a briefe List of the Particulars themselues, in an Historical Truth, no wayes strowted, nor made greater by Language.
†3. intr. To contend, strive, quarrel, bluster. Obs.
a1300Cursor M. 829 Al bigan to strut and strijf [G. All bigan stour and strijf] Agains adam and his wijf. c1300Havelok 1779 Hwat are ye, þat are þer-oute, þat þus biginnen forto stroute? c1330Arth. & Merl. 233 Who so struted oȝainward, Anon þai ȝauen hem dintes hard. 1399Langl. Rich. Redeles iii. 189 This makyth men mysdo more þan ouȝte ellis, And to stroute and to stare and stryue aȝeyn vertu. c1400Beryn 1840 What evir þow speke, or stroute, certis it wol nat be.
†4.
a. To protrude stiffly from a surface or body; to stand out, jut forth. Also, to stick up. Obs.
αc1386Chaucer Miller's T. 129 Crul was his heer, and as the gold it shoon, And strouted as a Fanne, large and brode. 1566W. Adlington Apuleius xi. xlviii. 124, I carried..a garlande of flowres upon my head, with palme leaves stroutinge out on every side. 1600Fairfax Tasso ix. viii, Mustachoes strouting long.
β1676T. Glover Acc. Virginia in Phil. Trans. XI. 635 Till such time as the leaves, that stood strutting out, fall down to the stalk. 1703W. Dampier Voy. III. i. 24 They [guinea fowl] have a small red Gill on each side of their Heads, like Ears, strutting out downwards. 1705tr. Bosman's Guinea 264 They are called Crown-Birds, from the great yellowish Tuft or Crown intermixed with speckled Feathers, strutting like Hogs Bristles. 1772Foote Nabob ii. Wks. 1799 II. 302 A tulip strutting up like a magistrate's mace. 1809W. Irving Knickerb. ii. iv. (1849) 108 By the foot of a promontory, which strutted forth boldly into the waves.
†b. trans. To protrude, thrust forth, stick out, stretch out (an organ, part, growth). Obs.
1583Golding Calvin on Deut. lxxii. 444 If wee will not bowe downe our neckes but strout them out as harde as if they were steele or brasse. 1599Breton Will of Wit etc. (Grosart) 57/2 If she stretch out a fine hande, hee strouteth out a straight legge. 1681S. Colvil Whigs Supplic. (1751) 41 Wild-Boars strouting out their bristles.
†5.
a. intr. To behave proudly or vaingloriously; to flaunt, triumph, swagger. Often to strut it; also to strut it out. Also, to glory, exult upon, over (a possession). Obs. (exc. as in 7 c).
αc1570Buggbears i. iii. 47 Thou woldst have me..hack & hew my clothes, & go stroot it like a tossepotte. 1579Gosson Sch. Abuse (Arb.) 36 Desirous to strowt it with the beste, yet disdayning too liue by the sweate of their browes. 1611Cotgr. s.v. Paladin, He swaggers, brags, or strouts it mightily. a1643J. Shute Judgem. & Mercy (1645) 90 Nebuchadnezar..when he was strouting upon his Babell, and bragged of his power.
β1611Cotgr., Piaffer,..to boast, or strut it vainely. 1675T. Brooks Golden Key 220 Those proud enemies of Christ, who now..strut it out against him. 1684T. Burnet Theory Earth i. 297 He will many times strut and triumph, as if he had wrested the thunder out of Jove's right hand. 1754Richardson Grandison IV. 61 The one strutting over the beauties, in order to enhance the value of the present; the other, courtesying ten times in a minute, to shew her gratitude.
†b. refl. in the same sense as prec. (Cf. boast, vaunt oneself.) Obs.
1655W. Gurnall Chr. in Arm. i. verse 13. vii. (1656) 364 Nebuchadnezzar strutting himself in his Palace with this bravado in his mouth, Is not this great Babylon that I have built? a1716South Serm. (1727) IV. 84 See Nebuchadnezzar also strutting himself upon the Survey of that Mass of Riches.
†6.
a. intr. To raise oneself to one's full height; to thrust up one's head and stand erect; to perk up. Also fig. Obs.
1607Chapman Bussy d'Ambois i. i. 7 Vnskilfull statuaries, who suppose (In forging a Colossus) if they make him Stroddle enough, stroote, and looke big, and gape, Their worke is goodly. 1612Drayton Poly-olb. v. 288 And there⁓withall he [a mountain] struts, as though he scorn'd to show His head belowe the Heauen. 1614Gorges Lucan iii. 117 Then Lygdanus by chance did eye, Tyrrhenus mounted loftily, Strowting vpon a Gallion's puppe [L. Stantem sublimi Tyrrhenum culmine proræ]. 1662Greenhalgh in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. ii. IV. 19 At which they shewed great rejoicing, by strutting up, so that some of their veils flew about like morris dancers. 1791Boswell Johnson (1904) I. 32 Johnson did not strut or stand on tiptoe: He only did not stoop. 1807J. Barlow Columb. i. 352 Taurus would shrink, Hemodia strut no more.
†b. refl. ? To stand erect, with feet firmly fixed on the ground. Obs.
1581Mulcaster Positions viii. (1887) 51 Would any man beleue it,..that one Milo so strutted himselfe, so pitcht his feet, so peysed his bodie, as he remained vnremoueable from his place, being haled at..by a number of people.
†c. intr. Of the legs: To be firmly fixed or planted on the ground. Obs.
1681Dryden Span. Friar iii. 32 What are become of those two Timber-loggs that he us'd to wear for Leggs, that stood strutting like the two black Posts before a door?
7. a. To walk with an affected air of dignity or importance, stepping stiffly with head erect. Also with it, and with adv., as about, off. (The current sense.)
α1594Nashe Unfort. Trav. K i, He ietteth strouting, dancing on hys toes with his hands vnder his sides. a1624Bp. M. Smith Serm. (1632) 170 They that carry their noses high into the wind,..and stroute in their gate, as though they went vpon stilts. 1640C. Harvey Synagogue, Engines vii. (1647) 31 Nor that, which giant-like before did strout, Be able with a pigmeys pace t'hold out.
β1518Galway Corporation Bk. in O'Flaherty West Connaught (Irish Archæol. Soc. 1846) 35 note, That neither One Mac shall strutte ne swaggere thro' the streets of Gallway. 1598Shakes. Merry W. i. iv. 31 Do's he not hold vp his head (as it were?) and strut in his gate? 1638W. Lisle Heliodorus x. 180 Full soone came in the gyant æthiops, On tip-toe strutting. 1693T. Power in Dryden's Juvenal xii. 159 Pacuvius struts it, and triumphant goes In the dejected Crowd of Rival Foes. 1733Pope Ep. Cobham 153 Tom struts a Soldier, open, bold, and brave. 1849D. G. Mitchell Battle Summer (1852) 242 Stiff little Republicans strut about as if in togas. 1887Besant The World went ii, He strutted proudly across the grass, regardless of his rags.
b. of a peacock or other fowl.
1591Sylvester Du Bartas i. iv. 199 A Peacock, prickt with love's desire, To woo his Mistress, strouting stately by her. 1632Milton L'Allegro 52 While the Cock..Stoutly struts his Dames before. 1795Cowper Pairing Time 39 Dick Redcap..strutting and sideling. 1840Dickens Old C. Shop xv, Plump pigeons skimming round the roof or strutting on the eaves. 1847Longfellow Ev. i. i, And there, in his feathered seraglio, Strutted the lordly turkey.
c. fig.
1774Burke Amer. Tax. Sel. Wks. I. 103 In order meanly to sneak out of difficulties, into which they had proudly strutted. 1814Wordsw. Excurs. iii. 900 Big passions strutting on a petty stage. 1850Hawthorne Scarlet L. Introd. (1879) 24 His voice and laugh..came strutting out of his lungs, like the crow of a cock.
d. quasi-trans. with cognate or adverbial object.
1605Shakes. Macb. v. v. 25 A poore Player, That struts and frets his houre vpon the Stage. 1749Fielding Tom Jones xv. xi, He..then strutted some turns about his room. 1824Medwin Convers. Byron I. 122 Think how he would mouth such and such a sentence,..strut such and such a scene.
e. trans. To walk upon or over (a floor, space) with a strut.
1749Fielding Tom Jones xiv. i, Hence those strange monsters in lace and embroidery,..which, under the name of lords and ladies, strut the stage. 1810Splendid Follies I. 170 No eastern princess, strutting the boards of a puppet-show, ever exhibited [etc.].
f. to strut one's stuff: to display one's ability. U.S. slang.
1926C. Van Vechten Nigger Heaven ii. vi. 242 Some one cried, Strut your stuff, Lasca! 1935[see roller n.1 18 d]. 1941Sun (Baltimore) 30 Aug. 13/1 Rain today made the prospect for off-going for the first card, thus giving the ‘mudders’ an opportunity to strut their stuff. 1972N.Y. Times 3 Nov. 28/1 The company is going to strut its stuff, with nothing more in mind than to entertain, in Washington Square, near the Arch. There will be singing and dancing and acting and acrobatics. 1977Rolling Stone 30 June 121/1 (Advt.), Each run is equipped with a super, custom-designed sound system, so you can ‘strut your stuff’ or ‘space walk’ to your favorite tunes.
g. intr. To dance the strut. Cf. strut n.2 c.
1975Time Out 8 Aug. 67/1 D'you wanna shake, strut, shimmy, jive, twist, waltz, mash potato, tango, tap or conga?
Hence † ˈstrutted ppl. a., distended, full-stored. (Cf. strut a.)
1648Earl Westmorland Otia Sacra (1879) 33 Are not my strutted Vessels full of Wine?
▪ VII. strut, v.2|strʌt|
Also 9 strutt.
[f. strut n.2]
1. trans. To brace or support by a strut or struts; to hold in place or strengthen by an upright, diagonal, or transverse support. Also with advs.
1828Carr Craven Gloss., Strut, to brace, a term used in carpentry. 1838Civil Engin. & Arch. Jrnl. I. 374/2 If the resistance piles are sufficiently braced and strutted not to yield by the driving of the wedges. 1845Civil Engin. & Archit. Jrnl. VIII. 212/1 The toes of the walls will require to be strutted apart. 1869E. J. Reed Shipbuild. i. 12 A ship rolling about with a heavy cargo will alter her form, as regards its transverse section, very much, if she is built of iron, and is not sufficiently strutted and tied with beams. a1878Sir G. Scott Lect. Archit. (1879) II. 225 In Henry VII's Chapel these great arches are visible only in the side vaults, which are strutted up from them with strong tracery. 1897Pall Mall Mag. June 254 The old boat was no more than waterproof, and..Severn had to run a new stringer round her, to strut out the ribs. 1912C. H. Power Eng. Mediæv. Arch. II. 340 Flying Buttress to strut the Vault.
fig.1832Examiner 161/1 Employing, to boot, all tricky expedients to strutt up the tottering system.
2. intr. To be fixed diagonally or slantwise; to be bent so as to form a sharp turn or angle.
1841W. Templeton Locomot. Eng. 30 The best form of wrought iron wheels, is round arms strutting from the rim to the nave in a zig-zag form. 1853Sir H. Douglas Milit. Bridges 291 Braces, strutting considerably, were driven down as far as possible into the bottom of the river, at each end of the trestles. |