| 释义 |
‖ xanthoxylon Bot.|zænˈθɒksɪlɒn|
Also 8 zanthoxylon, -um.
[mod.L. Xanthoxylon, -um (by Linnæus spelt Zanthoxylum), f. Gr. ξανθός yellow + ξύλον wood.]
A large and widely distributed genus of trees and shrubs of the N.O. Rutaceæ (type of the suborder Xanthoxyleæ, sometimes reckoned as an order Xanthoxylaceæ), yielding various products, esp. pungent and aromatic drugs and condiments; it includes the N. American Prickly Ash or Toothache-tree (X. americanum and fraxineum), the Chinese or Japanese Pepper (X. piperitum), the Prickly or W. Indian Yellow-wood (X. Clava-Herculis), etc. Hence xanˈthoxyl, a plant of this genus, or of the order or suborder of which it is the type; xanthoxylaceous |-ˈeɪʃəs|, xanthoxyleous |-ˈɪlɪəs| adjs., belonging to the Xanthoxylaceæ or Xanthoxyleæ (see above); xanˈthoxylene |-iːn| Chem., an aromatic volatile oil obtained from the fruit of Xanthoxylon piperitum; xanˈthoxylin |-ɪn| Chem., (a) a crystalline resin or camphor obtained from an oil distilled from the seeds of X. piperitum; (b) a crystallizable bitter principle contained in the bark of X. Clava-Herculis and other species; xanthoˈxyloïn, a neutral principle obtained from the bark of X. americanum.
1846Lindley Veg. Kingd. 473 Several *Xanthoxyls have in their habit, and especially in their foliage, a marked resemblance to the Ash. 1876Harley Mat. Med. (ed. 6) 679 The Xanthoxyl Family of the Rutal alliance.
1852Th. Ross tr. Humboldt's Trav. I. vi. 213 note, Among *zanthoxylaceous plants, the Cuspare of Angostura, known in America under the name of Orinoco bark.
1857Stenhouse in Pharmaceut. Jrnl. July 20 The pure hydrocarbon, to which I propose to give the name of *Xanthoxylene, is colourless, [etc.]. Note, The pleasant aromatic odour of Japanese pepper is due to Xanthoxylene.
1830Lindley Nat. Syst. Bot. 131 Several *Xanthoxyleous plants have..a marked resemblance to the Ash.
1854Stenhouse in Lond., Edin., & Dubl. Philos. Mag. Jan. 28 The crystals of *xanthoxyline belong to the oblique system.
1765J. Bartram Jrnl. 21 Dec. in Stork Acc. E. Florida (1766) 3 Some curious shrubs..we had never seen before,..large *zanthoxylum, and purple-berried bay. 1799Med. Jrnl. II. 32 A Negro woman, who had been affected for many years with several large phagædenic ulcers..was put under my care. I commenced the use of the Zanthoxylon, by bathing the sores with the decoction. 1868Watts Dict. Chem. V. 1054 Xanthoxylon. The bark of X. caribœum..or X. Clava Herculis..used in the Antilles as a febrifuge. |