| 释义 |
dependence|dɪˈpɛndəns|
Forms: 6 -aunce, 6–9 -ance, 7– -ence.
[a. F. dépendance (15th c. in Littré, in 14th c. despendence, Oresme), f. dependant: see prec. and -ance. Like dependent a., subseq. assimilated to the L. type, the form in -ance being rare after 1800.]
†1. The action of hanging down; concr. something that hangs down. Obs. rare.
1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iv. 806 Like a large Cluster of black Grapes they show, And make a large dependance from the Bough.
2. The relation of having existence hanging upon, or conditioned by, the existence of something else; the fact of depending upon something else.
1605Verstegan Dec. Intell. ii. (1628) 27 Words..that seeme to haue dependance on the Latin. 1613J. Salkeld Treat. Angels 5 Without beginning or dependence of any other cause. 1646Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. i. xi. 45 There was no naturall dependance of the event upon the signe. 1677Plot Oxfordsh. 196, I dare not suppose there was any dependence between the medicin and disease. 1754Edwards Freed. Will i. iv. 23 The Dependence and Connection between Acts of Volition or Choice, and their Causes. 1860Tyndall Glac. i. xxvii. 199 The chain of dependence which runs throughout creation. 1864Bowen Logic x. 348 That which comes next it in the order of dependence.
†b. Connexion of successively dependent parts; logical sequence. Obs. (or merged in prec.).
a1535More Wks. 611 (R.) Hys woordes..be so dark and so intriked of purpose withoute any dependence or order. 1638Sir T. Herbert Trav. (ed. 2) 236 The Father next, and as they are in blood the other follow in a just dependance; the rest promiscuously. 1681–6J. Scott Chr. Life (1747) III. 252 The Discourse..from Verse to Verse runs all along in a close and continued Dependance.
†c. In wider sense: Relation, connexion (cf. depend 2 b). Obs.
a1633Austin Medit. (1635) 226 As their [St. Philip and St. Bartholomew] being of that Society of the Twelve hindred them not from being of the great Societie the Church; so their other Dependances, as being of the Church, or being of the seventy, or being married men..hindred them not from being of the Twelve.
3. The relation of anything subordinate to that from which it holds, or derives support, etc.; the condition of a dependant; subjection, subordination. (Opp. to independence.)
1614Raleigh Hist. World iii. 72 Those two great Cities, Athens and Sparta, upon which all the rest had most dependance. 1660R. Coke Power & Subj. 147 How far the Britanick Churches were from any dependence upon the Church of Rome. 1699Bentley Phal. 488 A dependance upon the most Brutal of Tyrants. 1751Johnson Rambler No. 101 ⁋4, I lived in all the luxury of affluence without expence or dependence. 1765Blackstone Comm. Introd. §4. 101 Dependence being very little else, but an obligation to conform to the will or law of that superior person or state, upon which the inferior depends. 1874Green Short Hist. viii. §2. 469 To free the Crown from its dependence on the Parliament. 1886Stevenson Kidnapped xviii. 172 The other four were equally in the Duke's dependance.
†4. concr. That which is subordinate to, connected with, or belonging to, something else; an appurtenance, connexion, dependency. Obs.
1540Act 32 Hen. VIII, c. 25 To committe the state of his said mariage, with all the circumstances and dependaunce thereof vnto the prelates. 1581Savile Tacitus' Hist. iii. xiii. (1591) 122 As though eight Legions were to be the dependance of one nauy. 1601Holland Pliny I. 127 The great riuer Indus..issueth out of a part or dependance of the hill Caucasus. 1794Hist. in Ann. Reg. 54 Coblentz, a dependence of the electorate of Mentz.
†b. A body of dependants or subordinates; a retinue. (Usually -ance.) Obs.
1606Ford Honor Tri. 10 Deseruing to be beloued; of whome? Of popular opinion or unstable vulgar dependances? 1631Weever Anc. Fun. Mon. 273 He feasted..two kings, two Queenes, with their dependances, 700. messe of meate scarce seruing for the first dinner. 1638Rawley tr. Bacon's Life & Death (1650) 19 A numerous Family, a great Retinue, and Dependance. 1692South Serm. (1697) I. 33 Encumbred with Dependances, throng'd and surrounded with Petitioners.
5. The condition of resting in faith or expectation (upon something); reliance; assured confidence or trust.
1627Sanderson 12 Serm. (1632) 530 Faithful dependance vpon the providence..of God. 1754Hist. Yng. Lady Distinction II. 10 Thoroughly sensible what little dependence I ought to make on my own strength. 1763E. Carter Mem. etc. (1816) I. 295 The waters, I shall continue drinking, without much dependance of getting better. 1801Gabrielli Myst. Husb. II. 205 There was no dependance to be placed in the word of a woman who [etc.]. 1841Lane Arab. Nts. I. 68 It is the only branch of divination worthy of dependance. 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) V. 19 Living..in dependence on the will of God.
b. transf. That on which one relies or may rely; object of reliance or trust; resource. ? Obs.
1754Richardson Grandison IV. v. 44 Your honour, your piety, are my just dependence. 1803Wellington in Owen Desp. 784 The seamen from the East India fleet were the only or principal dependence for manning the navy. 1827J. F. Cooper Prairie II. iv. 59 Take the Lord for your dependance.
†c. Reliableness, trustworthiness. Obs. rare.
1752Hume Ess. & Treat. (1777) I. 22 So little dependance has this affair. 1790–1811W. Combe Devil on Two Sticks (1817) VI. 44 The philosophy of poets..is not of very sterling dependence.
6. The condition of waiting for settlement; pending, suspense. (Now only in legal use.)
1605Burgh Rec. Aberdeen 4 Dec. (Jam. Suppl.), That anes the actioune may be put under dependance befoir onie parliament. 1679–1714Burnet Hist. Ref., After a long dependance it might end as the former had done. 1816Shelley Let. in Dowden Life II. 8 Engagements contracted during the dependence of the late negotiation. 1861W. Bell Dict. Law Scot., Depending Action, an action is held to be in dependence from the moment of the citation, until the final decision of the House of Lords. 1874Act 37–8 Vict. c. 94 §68 Nothing herein contained shall affect any action now in dependence.
†b. A quarrel or affair of honour ‘depending’ or awaiting settlement. Obs.
1598B. Jonson Ev. Man in Hum. i. v, The bastinado! a most proper, and sufficient dependance, warranted by the great Caranza. 1616― Devil an Ass iv. vii, H' is friend to him, with whom I ha' the dependance. 1820Scott Monast. xxi, Let us pause for the space of one venue, until I give you my opinion on this dependence. [Note. Dependence, a phrase among the brethren of the sword for an existing quarrel.] |