calkinn.

Brit.

/ˈkalkɪn/,

/ˈkɔːkɪn/, U.S.

/ˈkɔkən/,

/ˈkælkən/,

/ˈkɑkən/

Forms: (Middle English kakun), 1500s calkyn, 1500s–1600s caukin, 1600s cauken, cawkin, 1600s– calkin, calking, 1800s caulken.

Etymology: Possibly going back to a Middle English *calkain, < Old French calcain heel < Latin calcāneum heel; but the earliest form kakun agrees with the Dutch kalkoen, Middle Dutch calcoen ‘ungula,’ < Latin calx.

1. The turned-down ends of a horseshoe which raise the horse's heels from the ground; also a turned edge under the front of the shoe; applied esp. to these parts when sharpened in a frost.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping or management of horses > shoeing of horses > [noun] > horseshoe > parts of horseshoe

calkin1445

sponge1566

stopping1566

calk1587

spurn1696

quarter1727

welt1758

heel1770

cock1789

cork1806

seating1831

toe-weight1901

1445 O. Bokenham Female Saints (1683) 223 Tweyn hors..Of wych the toon hym greuously boot, And wyth hys kakun the tother hym smoot.

1577 R. Holinshed Hist. Scotl. 310/1 in Chron. I Causyng a smyth to shoe .iii. horses for him, contrarily with y^e calkyns forward.

1587 L. Mascall First Bk. Cattell ii. 160 Make the outside of the shoe alwayes with a Cawkin.

1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 413 Little grauell stones getting betwixt the hooue, or calking, or spunge of the [horse's] shooe.

1607 G. Markham Cavelarice vi. 59 If he be for the..draught; chiefly in paued streets, then in stead of thicke spunges, deep caukens are more commodious.

1610 G. Markham Maister-peece ii. xcvii. 387 Let your [horse-]shooes behinde haue a cawkin on the out-side.

1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 324/2 A Patten Shooe..hath both Caukins to secure sore Heels.

1727 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Oeconomique (Dublin ed.) at Bleymes Calkings spoil the Feet of a Horse.

1868 Queen's Regulations & Orders Army ⁋1214 The calkins of the hind shoes are to be removed, as these are not needed on board.

1883 W. J. E. Crane Smithy & Forge 47 Caulkens..general on the hind shoes in London, and many parts, for heavy work.

2. The irons nailed on the heels and soles of strong shoes or clogs to make them wear longer.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > footwear > parts of footwear > [noun] > protective studs or plates

clouta1825

calkin1827

spelt1875

seg1958

1827 R. Southey Select. from Lett. (1856) IV. 314 The price of men's clogs is five shillings..This price includes calking, i.e. the iron-work.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	calkin
释义	calkinn. Brit. /ˈkalkɪn/, /ˈkɔːkɪn/, U.S. /ˈkɔkən/, /ˈkælkən/, /ˈkɑkən/ Forms: (Middle English kakun), 1500s calkyn, 1500s–1600s caukin, 1600s cauken, cawkin, 1600s– calkin, calking, 1800s caulken. Etymology: Possibly going back to a Middle English calkain, < Old French calcain* heel < Latin calcāneum heel; but the earliest form kakun agrees with the Dutch kalkoen, Middle Dutch calcoen ‘ungula,’ < Latin calx. 1. The turned-down ends of a horseshoe which raise the horse's heels from the ground; also a turned edge under the front of the shoe; applied esp. to these parts when sharpened in a frost. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping or management of horses > shoeing of horses > [noun] > horseshoe > parts of horseshoe calkin1445 sponge1566 stopping1566 calk1587 spurn1696 quarter1727 welt1758 heel1770 cock1789 cork1806 seating1831 toe-weight1901 1445 O. Bokenham Female Saints (1683) 223 Tweyn hors..Of wych the toon hym greuously boot, And wyth hys kakun the tother hym smoot. 1577 R. Holinshed Hist. Scotl. 310/1 in Chron. I Causyng a smyth to shoe .iii. horses for him, contrarily with y^e calkyns forward. 1587 L. Mascall First Bk. Cattell ii. 160 Make the outside of the shoe alwayes with a Cawkin. 1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 413 Little grauell stones getting betwixt the hooue, or calking, or spunge of the [horse's] shooe. 1607 G. Markham Cavelarice vi. 59 If he be for the..draught; chiefly in paued streets, then in stead of thicke spunges, deep caukens are more commodious. 1610 G. Markham Maister-peece ii. xcvii. 387 Let your [horse-]shooes behinde haue a cawkin on the out-side. 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 324/2 A Patten Shooe..hath both Caukins to secure sore Heels. 1727 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Oeconomique (Dublin ed.) at Bleymes Calkings spoil the Feet of a Horse. 1868 Queen's Regulations & Orders Army ⁋1214 The calkins of the hind shoes are to be removed, as these are not needed on board. 1883 W. J. E. Crane Smithy & Forge 47 Caulkens..general on the hind shoes in London, and many parts, for heavy work. 2. The irons nailed on the heels and soles of strong shoes or clogs to make them wear longer. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > footwear > parts of footwear > [noun] > protective studs or plates clouta1825 calkin1827 spelt1875 seg1958 1827 R. Southey Select. from Lett. (1856) IV. 314 The price of men's clogs is five shillings..This price includes calking, i.e. the iron-work. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.1445
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