单词 | swain |
释义 | swainn.ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social class > the common people > low rank or condition > [noun] > person swaina1150 ladc1300 loon1535 blue coat1583 gaffer1589 snake1590 meaner1596 frock1612 groundling1630 frock-man1657 coolie1803 simple1824 yellow dog1862 Harry1874 smock-frock1898 society > authority > subjection > service > servant > personal or domestic servant > attendant or personal servant > [noun] > boy attendant on knight swaina1150 pagec1400 a1150 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) ann. 1128 Se eorl wearð gewunded at an gefiht fram anne swein. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 14253 Ælc sloh adun-riht weore he swein [c1300 Otho sweyn] weore he cniht. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 9559 Næs þer nan swa wracche swein þat he nes a wel god þein. c1330 (?c1300) Guy of Warwick (Auch.) l. 234 Þai sett hem to mete anon, Erl, baroun, sweyn & grom. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 6279 King ne knight, suier ne suain [Fairf. 14 squayne, Gött. suayn, Trin. Cambr. sweyn]. c1425 Wyntoun Cron. ix. vii. 904 For ellis alsweil may be slayne A mychty man, as may a swayne. 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) v. 235 Quhill I liff, and may haf mycht To lede a ȝheman or a swane. a1500 (?c1400) Sir Triamour (Cambr.) (1937) l. 546 Knyghtys, squyers and swayne. 1575 G. Gascoigne Fruites of Warre cx, in Posies sig. Iv In regiment..Where officers..Shall be abusde by euery page and swayne. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > service > servant > [noun] > man or boy knightc950 knapec1000 shalkOE knaveOE sergeantc1200 swainc1275 groom1297 garcion13.. ladc1300 harlota1350 serving-mana1400 manservant1409 varlet1483 handman1496 custrelinga1556 Sim Shakebuckler?1560 lackey-boy1575 vadelect1586 muchacho1591 round robin1591 varlettoa1616 vadelet1661 gossoon1684 skip1699 mozo1811 Jack1836 tea-boy1847 John1848 c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 1750 Forð wende þe king Leir nauede he bute enne swein [c1300 Otho sweine]. c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Reeve's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 107 Hym bihoues serue hym self þt has na swayn. c1430 Hymns Virg. (1867) 44 Worschipe me here, & bicome my swayn, And y schal ȝeue þee al this. 1568 Newe Comedie Iacob & Esau v. ii. sig. F.iij The elder must nowe serue the yonger as his swayne. 1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Qiiiv/1 A Squayne, assecla. 1579 E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. Sept. 42 The shepheards swayne you cannot well ken, But it be by his pryde, from other men. 1623 H. Cockeram Eng. Dict. Swaine, a seruant. ΘΚΠ the world > people > person > young person > youth or young man > [noun] frumberdlingc1000 young manOE childc1225 hind1297 pagec1300 youtha1325 fawnc1369 swainc1386 stripling1398 boy1440 springaldc1450 jovencel1490 younkera1522 speara1529 gorrel1530 lad1535 hobbledehoy1540 cockerel1547 waga1556 spring1559 loonc1560 hensure1568 youngster1577 imp1578 pigsney1581 cocklinga1586 demy1589 muchacho1591 shaver1592 snipper-snappera1593 callant1597 spaught1598 stubble boy1598 ghillie1603 codling1612 cuba1616 skippera1616 man-boy1637 sprig1646 callow1651 halflang1660 stubbed boy1683 gossoon1684 gilpie1718 stirraha1722 young lion1792 halfling1794 pubescent1795 young man1810 sixteener1824 señorito1843 tad1845 boysie1846 shaveling1854 ephebe1880 boychick1921 lightie1946 young blood1967 studmuffin1986 the world > people > person > child > boy > [noun] knightc893 knapec1000 knaveOE knape childc1175 knave-childa1225 groom?c1225 knight-bairnc1275 pagec1300 mana1382 swainc1386 knave-bairna1400 little mana1425 man-childa1438 boy1440 little boya1475 lad1535 boykin1540 tomboya1556 urchin1556 loonc1560 kinchin-co(ve)1567 big boy1572 dandiprat1582 pricket1582 boy child1584 callant1597 suck-egg1609 nacketc1618 custrel1668 hospital-boy1677 whelp1710 laddie1721 charity-boy1723 pam-child1760 chappie1822 bo1825 boyo1835 wagling1837 shirttail boy1840 boysie1846 umfaan1852 nipper1859 yob1859 fellow-my-lad?1860 laddo1870 chokra1875 shegetz1885 spalpeen1891 spadger1899 bug1900 boychick1921 sonny boy1928 sonny1939 okie1943 lightie1946 outjie1961 oke1970 c1386 G. Chaucer Sir Thopas 13 Sire Thopas wax a doghty swayn. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 18987 Of mi gast i sal a streme To suayn [Trin. Cambr. mon] and womman giue alsua. [Cf. Joel ii. 29.] c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 1509 Swyfte swaynes ful swyþe swepen þertylle. c1400 Laud Troy Bk. 15265 How sche myght venge hir on that swayn That hadde hir two sones sclayn. c1440 York Myst. xvii. 207 Nowe shall þei..tell me of þat litill swayne [sc. the child Jesus]. ?1507 W. Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen (Rouen) in Poems (1998) I. 47 Thus beswik I that swane with my sueit wordis. 1579 E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. Mar. 79 With that sprong forth a naked swayne [sc. Cupid]. 1633 P. Fletcher Purple Island xii. lxv. 175 By a mighty Swain he [sc. the Dragon] soon was led Unto a thousand thousand torturings. 4. A country or farm labourer, frequently a shepherd; a countryman, rustic. archaic. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > farmer > [noun] > rustic or peasant tillman940 churla1000 ploughman1223 bondmanc1250 bondc1275 ploughswain1296 countrymanc1300 boundec1320 Hobc1325 charla1400 landmana1400 Jack (John) Upland1402 carlc1405 bowerc1430 peasanta1450 rurala1475 agrest1480 bergier1480 carlleina1500 rustical?1532 ploughboy1544 boor1548 rusticc1550 kern1556 tillsman1561 clown1563 Jocka1568 Jock upalanda1568 John Uponlanda1568 russet coat1568 rustican1570 hind?1577 swain1579 Corydon1581 mountain man1587 Phillis1589 sylvan1589 russeting1597 Joan1598 stubble boy1598 paysan1609 carlota1616 swainling1615 raiyat1625 contadino1630 under-swaina1644 high shoe1647 boorinn1649 Bonhomme1660 high-shoon-man1664 countrywoman1679 villan1685 russet gown1694 ruralist1739 paysanne1748 bauer1799 bonderman1804 bodach1830 contadina1835 agrestian1837 peasantess1841 country jake1845 rufus1846 bonder1848 hayseed1851 bucolic1862 agricole1882 country jay1888 child (son, etc.) of the soil1891 hillbilly1900 palouser1903 kisan1935 woop woop1936 swede-basher1943 1579 S. Gosson Apol. Schoole of Abuse in Ephemerides Phialo f. 83v Giue them whippes in their handes, and sende them like swaynes to plough and carte. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene iii. vi. sig. Hh2v The gentle Shepheard swaynes, which sat Keeping their fleecy flockes. 1594 T. Kyd tr. R. Garnier Cornelia iii. ii. 39 Lyke morall Esops mysled Country swaine. a1616 W. Shakespeare Winter's Tale (1623) iv. iv. 9 Your high selfe..you haue obscur'd With a Swaines wearing. View more context for this quotation 1663 S. Patrick Parable of Pilgrim (1687) xxix. 341 Those Swains with their Sheephooks in their hands. 1746 T. Smollett Tears Scotl. 13 Thy swains are famish'd on the rocks, Where once they fed their wanton flocks. 1770 O. Goldsmith Deserted Village 2 Where health and plenty cheered the labouring swain. 1809 T. Campbell Gertrude of Wyoming i. ii The happy Shepherd Swains had nought to do But feed their flocks. 1840 W. M. Thackeray Paris Sketch Bk. I. 268 The occasional visit..served..to remind the rural swains of the existence of a republic in France. 1892 Tennyson in Ld. Tennyson Mem. (1897) II. xxii. 402 I asked my way..of a Yorkshire ‘swain’. 5. A country gallant or lover; hence gen. a lover, wooer, sweetheart, esp. in pastoral poetry. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > love > a lover > [noun] > male lover servantc1405 specialc1425 servitorc1450 love-lad1586 young man1589 inamorato1592 swainc1592 gentleman friend1667 enamorado1677 spark1707 beau?1720 Johnny1726 man friend1736 feller1842 novio1843 soupirant1849 fella1874 man1874 fellow1878 square-pusher1890 stud1895 papa1896 lover mana1905 boyfriend1906 daddy1912 lover-boy1925 sheikh1925 sweetback1929 sweet man1942 older man1951 boyf1990 c1592 Faire Em sig. B3v In deede my Manuile hath some cause to doubt, When such a Swaine is riuall in his loue. a1616 W. Shakespeare Two Gentlemen of Verona (1623) iv. ii. 39 Who is Siluia? what is she? That all our Swaines commend her? View more context for this quotation 1672 J. Playford Introd. Skill Musick (ed. 6) i. 67 Will Cloris cast her Sun-bright Eye upon so mean a Swain as I? 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Pastorals iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 14 To the dear Mistress of my Love-sick Mind, Her Swain a pretty Present has design'd. 1706 J. Addison Rosamond ii. ii To be slain By a barbarous swain That laughs at your pain. 1794 R. B. Sheridan Duenna (new ed.) i. 27 So! my swain yonder has done admiring himself. 1822 W. Irving Bracebridge Hall iv. 38 Should any faithless swain persist in his inconstancy. 1864 F. Locker Housemaid viii If her Sunday-swain is one Who's fond of strolling. 1881 ‘Rita’ My Lady Coquette iii She gives such smiles, and looks, and attentions to her devoted swains. 6. A freeholder within the forest. (A sense invented by Manwood to account for swanimote n.) ΘΚΠ society > law > legal right > right of possession or ownership > tenure of property > one who has tenure > [noun] > by freehold > types of franklin1297 feoffor1426 frank-tenementary1488 liferenter1535 feoffee1542 purlieu man1573 charterer?1592 fiar1597 swaina1610 life tenant1623 life holder1776 fief-holder1864 common holder1987 a1610 J. Manwood Treat. Lawes Forest (1615) xxiii. 217 This word Swaine, in the Saxons speech is a Bookeland man, which at this day is taken for a Charterar or a freeholder: and so the Swanimote is in English, a Court within the Forest, whereunto all the freeholders doe owe suit and seruice. 1768 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. iii. vi. 72 The court of sweinmote is to be holden before the verderors, as judges,..the sweins or freeholders within the forest composing the jury. 1880 Whitworth in Antiquary Feb. 94/1 Swanimote, Swaynmote, Swynmote, &c., or meeting of the Forest Swains. Compounds †swainloaf n. Obsolete bread to be eaten by servants (see sense 2) as opposed to pandemain n., ‘panis dominicus’ (lord's bread). ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > bread > [noun] > low-quality bread pig breadOE swainloaf1358 bread of afflictiona1425 bread of trete1607 1358 Catal. Anc. Deeds A. 9847 (1902) IV. 469 [Black loaves called] swaynloves. a1652 R. Brome Love-sick Court iv. ii. 145 in Five New Playes (1659) The chief Swain heads of Thessaly. 1842 Dumfries Herald Oct. More swain-like than king-like. Derivatives swain v. transitive with it. to play the lover or wooer. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > love > courtship or wooing > court or engage in courtship [verb (intransitive)] > play the lover or wooer swain1840 1840 Lady C. M. C. Bury Hist. Flirt xi He is impatient to swain it with some new face. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > love > a lover > [noun] > female lover inamorata1651 swainessa1652 amorosa1658 inamoretta1720 mama1916 red-hot mama1924 a1652 R. Brome Love-sick Court v. iii. 165 in Five New Playes (1659) That swain-ess was my self. ˈswaining n. love-making, ‘spooning’. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > love > amorous love > [noun] > love-making dallyingc1440 lovemakinga1500 amouring1675 swaining1840 1840 F. Trollope Michael Armstrong i. 17 His general manner to ladies had a good deal of what in female slang is called swaining. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1918; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.a1150 |
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