surveyorn.

Brit.

/səˈveɪə/, U.S.

/sərˈveɪər/

Forms: α. Middle English–1500s surveyoure, Middle English–1600s surveyour, surveior, 1500s–1600s surveiour, (1500s survayour, survayore, survayer, survoier, serveiour, serveyar, surveighor, surveighour, 1600s surveigher, surveier, surveyer), Middle English– surveyor. β. Middle English surveour(e, surviour(e, survyour, survyowre, Middle English–1500s survear, 1500s surveor.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman, Old French surve(i)our, < surveeir to survey v.: see -or suffix.

One who surveys.

1. One who has the oversight or superintendence of a person or thing; an overseer, supervisor.

a. gen. (also figurative)

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to status > [noun] > overseer or foreman

stewarda1400

surveyorc1440

supervisorc1454

overlookera1513

workmaster1525

supervisora1529

foreman1574

superintendent1575

overman1606

headman1725

overseer1766

gang leader1775

hagmaster1797

maistry1798

gangsman1803

kangany1817

capataz1826

gangman1830

ganger1836

gaffer1841

gang boss1863

ramrod1881

charge-man1885

mandor1885

captain1886

overganger1887

ephor1890

pusher1901

gangster1913

line manager1960

society > authority > control > person in control > [noun] > superintendent > supervisor or overseer

overseera1382

warden1398

surveyorc1440

supervisorc1454

seer1498

supravisor1573

superviser1616

curator1632

curate1648

overvisor1653

surviewer1783

major-domo1835

boss boy1906

monitor1922

incharge1956

c1440 J. Capgrave Life St. Katherine i. 263 He was suruyour to all þat þer wer, And..he payed her hyer.

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 485/1 Survyowre, supervisor.

1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Surueiour of a bridall, pronubus.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 2 (1623) iii. i. 253 Wer't not madnesse then, To make the Fox surueyor of the Fold?

1616 N. Breton Good & Badde in Wks. (1879) II. 7/2 Hee is a surueier of rights and reuenger of wrongs.

a1631 J. Donne Serm. (1954) VII. 325 Men who are so severe..may..become Surveyors, and Controllers upon Christ himself.

b. As a title of officials in various departments, offices, or works; e.g. one who superintends the construction of a building, the administration of an office or department, the collection of taxes, the keeping of a structure in good order or repair.Usually (except where the context is explanatory), with a defining phrase, as surveyor of highways, surveyor of taxes, †surveyor of wards and liveries, or with prefixed noun, as borough surveyor, district surveyor, forest surveyor, road surveyor, timber surveyor. surveyor of the navy: formerly, an official whose duty was ‘to know the State of all Stores, and see the Wants supplied; to survey the Hulls, Masts, and Yards, and estimate the Value of Repairs by Indenture; to charge all Boatswains and Carpenters of his Majesty's Navy with what Stores they received; and at the End of each Voyage, to state and audite their Accompts’ (Chamberlayne's Present State Great Brit.).

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > office > holder of office > public officials > [noun] > surveyor

surveyor1442

1442 Rolls of Parl. V. 54/2 Sercheours, Countrollours, and Surveyours of Serchis.

1472–3 Rolls of Parl. VI. 58/1 Countroller and Surveyour of the Kynges werkes there.

1518 in J. H. Lupton Life J. Colet (1887) App. A. 278 The Maisters and surveyors of the scole.

1541 T. Elyot Image of Gouernance xix. f. 35^v Surueyours and other that..gathered the reuenues of his crowne.

1543 tr. Act 9 Hen. V Stat. ii. c. 4 Wardeyns and surueyours and minysters of the eschaunges out of the tower.

1553 in Archaeologia 12 382 Surveiors of the Stable.

1555 Act 2 & 3 Ph. & Mary c. 8 §1 The Constables & Churche~wardens of every parishe..shall..electe..twoo honest persons..to bee Surveyours & orderers..of the worckes for Amendement of the Highewais.

1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde iii. x. f. 148^v There is..appointed to euery man by the suruoiers of the mynes, a square plotte of grounde.

1631 J. Weever Anc. Funerall Monuments 582 This man..was the master Mason or Surueior of the kings stone-works.

1660 in Pepys' Diary (1870) 43 His Royal Highness James, Duke of York, Lord High Admiral..Sir William Batten, Surveyor.

1666 in S. Pepys Diary 7 Oct. (1972) VII. 312 He dreads the reports he is to receive from the Surveyors of its [sc. the fleet's] defects.

1670 J. Pettus Fodinæ Regales 41 The Surveyor of the Melting, who is to see the Silver cast out.

1698 T. Savery Navigation Improv'd 8 The Commissioners of the Navy..told me, that the Model must be survey'd by Mr. Dummer the Surveyor of the Navy.

1708 J. Chamberlayne Magnæ Britanniæ Notitia (ed. 22) ii. iii. 618 Surveyor of the High~ways.

1709 Brit. Apollo 11–16 Nov. [In the Customs] a Surveyor and 16 Tidewaters.

1793 Matthews's New Bristol Directory 1793–4 37 Surveyor of the Distilleries,..Surveyor of the Salt duties.

1872 M. S. De Vere Americanisms 264 Surveyor, an official who surveys all the inspectors, weighers, gaugers,..in a United States Customs-House.

†c. Of a will: = overseer n. 1b, supervisor n. 1b.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > transfer of property > testamentary disposition > [noun] > management or disposal of estate > one who > one who assists or supervises

overseer1402

surveyor1420

survisor1449

supervisor1456

oversman1540

overman1557

superviser1616

1420 in F. J. Furnivall Fifty Earliest Eng. Wills (1882) 54 The surveiors of my testament.

c1430 J. Lydgate Minor Poems (Percy Soc.) 240 To make Jhesu to be cheef surveyour, Of my laste wyl set in my Testament.

1463 in S. Tymms Wills & Inventories Bury St. Edmunds (1850) 43 Be y^e avys and supportacion of y^e surviour and my executours.

†d. An officer of the royal or other great household who superintended the preparation and serving of the food. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > office > holder of office > official of royal or great household > [noun] > in charge of food, table, or plate

butlerc1325

asseour1448

yeoman of the ewery1450

yeoman for the mouth1455

yeoman of the bottles1455

lardiner1469

yeoman of the buttery1473

surveyora1475

assewer1478

larderer1483

yeoman of the cellar1508

bread-bearer1518

groom-grubber1526

bottlemana1550

yeoman of the larder1585

saucery-man1691

plateman1842

plate-keeper1843

the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > cooking > cook > [noun] > head cook or supervisor

surveyora1475

cosyner1533

kitchen artista1661

chef de cuisine1798

arch-magirist1814

chef1826

executive chef1902

a1475 Bk. Curtasye (Sloane 1986) l. 545 in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 317 Surueour and stuarde also.

a1483 Liber Niger in Coll. Ordinances Royal Househ. (1790) 37 A Surveyour for the Kyng, to oversee, with the maister cooke for the mowthe, all maner of stuffe of vytayle which is best and moste holsom, and the conveyaunce and sauf guarde of it.

a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) II. f. clxxxi Ye shall vnderstande y^t this Feest was all of Fysshe. And for y^e orderyng of y^e seruyce therof were dyuers Lordes appoynted for hede offycers, as Stewarde, Controller, Surueyour.

1601 F. Tate Househ. Ord. Edward II (1876) §36. 22 A serjant surveiour of the dressor for the hall.

†e. One who had the oversight of the lands and boundaries of an estate and its appurtenances. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > delegated authority > one having delegated or derived authority > [noun] > steward or bailiff in charge of another's property > other types of steward

multure-ward?a1300

multure grieve1301

surveyor1485

field reeve1617

sea-reeve1855

sea-grave-

1485 Rolls of Parl. VI. 349/1 That this Acte of Resumption..be [not] prejudicial..to John Huse..for any Graunte made to hym, of the Office of Survearship of all the Lands and Tenements of Richemonde fee..or to be Survear of the same in any maner fourme.

1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Surueyeng Prol. sig. B2 It is necessary that euery great estate..shulde haue a Surueyour that can extende, but, and bounde, and value them.

1574 in 10th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1885) App. v. 335 Fowre Aldermen shalbe elected surveighours yearely..to determyne all mischaunces and variaunces of mearing betwixt thinhabitaunts.

1577 R. Holinshed Hist. Scotl. 10/1 in Chron. I Men..were apointed to be Surueyours of the whole countrey, & to deuide the same..into a set number of equal portions.

1583 P. Stubbes Second Pt. Anat. Abuses sig. E4^v When a gentleman..hath a farme..to let..he causeth a surueior to make strict inquirie what may be made of it.

1702 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion I. i. 77 He employ'd his own Surveyor..to treat with the Owners, many whereof were his own Tenants.

1782 F. Burney Cecilia V. ix. i. 4 She sent for the surveyor who had the superintendance of her estates.

figurative.1629 F. Quarles Argalus & Parthenia i. 24 Thrice had the bright surueyour of the heauen Diuided out the dayes and nights by euen And equall houres.c1639 T. Dekker & J. Ford Sun's-darling (1656) iii. 25 What land soe're, the worlds surveyor, the Sun Can measure in a day.

†f. The or a principal magistrate of a town or district. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > office > holder of office > magistrate > chief magistrate of a district > [noun]

reeveeOE

high reeveOE

praetor?a1439

surveyor1548

1548 in Acts Privy Council (1890) II. 555 The Survayore of Bolloyne.

1679 in Early Rec. Town of Providence (Rhode Island) (1895) VIII. 44 Ye Surveyor of ye Towne..shall see to ye retaineing..a suitable..prievelledge..not with standing.

†g. A censor or licenser of books for the press.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > printing > publishing > publisher > [noun] > censor

gelder1564

purger1604

surveyor1663

press censor1853

smut-hound1927

1663 Cal. State Papers 240 Order for a warrant for..appointing Roger L'Estrange surveyor of all books.

2. One who designs, and superintends the construction of, a building; a practical architect.The duties are now usually divided between the architect, who prepares the design, and the quantity surveyor n. at quantity n. Compounds 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > builder > [noun] > architect or builder

surveyora1464

deviser1548

master builder1557

architect1563

architector1563

architectist1650

structurer1755

structurist1854

a1464 J. Capgrave Abbreuiacion of Cron. (Cambr. Gg.4.12) (1983) 171 Þe kyng began þe newe edifiyng of Wyndesore, and mad Maystir William Wikham suruiour of þe same werk.

1593 T. Fale Horologiographia (title page) Of speciall vse..for diuers Artificers, Architects, Surueyours of buildings, free-Masons.

1603 T. Dekker 1603: Wonderfull Yeare sig. D4 He..bespake one [sc. a coffin], and (like the Surueyor of deaths buildings) gaue direction how this little Tenement should be framed.

1663 B. Gerbier Counsel to Builders 4 A skilful Surveyour, from whose Directions the several Master-work-men may receive Instructions by way of Draughts, Models, Frames, &c.

a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1683 (1955) IV. 341 The Surveior having already begun the foundations for a palace.

1700 Moxon's Mech. Exercises: Bricklayers-wks. 16 The drawing of Draughts is most commonly the work of a Surveyor.

1843 Civil Engineer & Architect's Jrnl. 6 19/2 Several surveyors were called for the defendant, who stated it was the custom of the profession to charge 2½ per cent for rejected plans.

figurative.1662 B. Gerbier Brief Disc. Princ. Building 2 The great Architect and Surveyor of Heaven and Earth.

a. One whose business it is to survey land, etc.; one who makes surveys, or practises surveying: see survey n. 5a, survey v. 2, surveying n. 2. See also land-surveyor n. 2 surveyor's chain = Gunter's chain: see Gunter n. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > earth sciences > geography > map-making > surveying > [noun] > surveyor

geometrian?c1400

geometrician?1537

surveyor1551

land-meter1582

land-measurer1632

measurer1636

geodesian1650

geometrist1772

geometer1773

arpenteur1789

land-surveyor1792

fieldman1838

1551 R. Record Pathway to Knowl. Pref. Suruayers haue cause to make muche of me [sc. geometry].

1608 R. Norton tr. S. Stevin Disme: Art of Tenths sig. B4 The Surueyor or Land-meater.

1652 M. Nedham tr. J. Selden Of Dominion of Sea 135 Things used by Surveyors in the bounding of Lands.

1794 S. Williams Nat. & Civil Hist. Vermont 378 The magnetic needle can never give to the surveyor a straight and accurate line.

1840 J. Buel Farmer's Compan. (ed. 2) 285 A surveyor's chain is 4 poles, or 66 feet, divided into 100 links of 7·92 inches.

1879 C. C. King in Cassell's Techn. Educator IV. 92/2 In many cases the pace of the surveyor is used for determining distances.

b. A name for certain caterpillars: = geometer n. 4, looper n.¹ 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > Heterocera > [noun] > family Geometridae > class of caterpillars > member of

surveyor1682

looper1731

span-worm1820

geometric caterpillar1835

measuring worm1843

span-worm1852

inch-worma1861

measurer1868

loop-worm1880

1682 tr. J. Goedaert Of Insects 24 Our Country-people call these kinds of Catterpillars, Surveyours (Geometræ) because of their Gate, which is like a Pole turned over and over, when one measures Land.

1816 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. (1818) II. xxii. 289 The true geometers or surveyors.

c. One whose business it is to inspect and examine land, houses, or other property and to calculate and report upon its actual or prospective value or productiveness for certain purposes.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > evaluation, estimation, appraisal > [noun] > one who appraises > with respect to property

appraiser1424

surveyor1795

1795 C. Vancouver Gen. View Agric. Essex 186 The Surveyor cannot close this report without expressing..his warmest acknowledgements to the following gentlemen.

1812 in Civil Engineer & Archit. Jrnl. 5 (1842) 253/2 Towards the support..of some worthy character bred a surveyor and architect.

1847 A. C. Smeaton Builder's Pocket Man. (new ed.) 168 The business of the surveyor is to measure and value the work executed by the builder.

1858 P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products Surveyor,..an inspector of shipping, tonnage, &c. for Lloyds; an examiner of buildings for a fire-insurance office.

1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Lloyd's Surveyors, practical persons specially appointed in London..to investigate the state and condition of merchant-ships for the underwriters.

?1881 Census Eng. & Wales: Instr. Clerks classifying Occupations & Ages (?1885) 28 Insurance Surveyor.

a. One who views or looks at something; a beholder. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > one who sees > [noun] > beholder or spectator

showerOE

beholderc1374

lookera1382

espiouressc1430

considererc1449

overseerc1450

regarder1525

surveyor1558

viewer1565

spectatora1586

regardant1590

aspector1603

supervisor1610

eyer1611

spectatrix1611

spectatress1632

speculator1647

contemplator1658

attender1665

espier1860

1558 T. Phaer tr. Virgil Seuen First Bks. Eneidos vii. sig. S.iv^v On euery syde they seeke, and send Surveiours through the coast.

1590 R. Greene Mourning Garment 27 The eye being the suruayour of all exteriour obiects.

1829 W. S. Landor Imaginary Conversat. 2nd Ser. I. xv. 496 The brightest of stars appear the most..tremulous in their light..from the vapours that float below, and from the imperfection of vision in the surveyor.

b. figurative. One who takes a mental view of something; an examiner, contemplator.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > thought > continued thinking, reflection, contemplation > thinking about, consideration, deliberation > [noun] > one who ponders

ponderer?1526

considerera1568

contemplator1597

deliberator1598

surveyor1606

chewer1612

head-scratcher1618

considerator1658

reflecter1665

reflector1665

deliberant1672

preoccupier1746

ruminator1758

phrontist1822

incubator1851

1606 J. Ford Honor Triumphant sig. E1^v If a curious surueior will vpon this approue, that louers haue beene witty.

1640 Bp. J. Hall Episcopacie iii. v. 245 These which I have abstracted from our judicious surveyer.

1905 J. B. Bury Life St. Patrick iii. 45 To the surveyor of the history of humanity this is the interest which Pelagius possesses.

5. surveyor-general n. †general surveyor (see general adj. 8a): a principal or head surveyor; one who has the control of a body of surveyors, or the general oversight of some business. Hence surveyor-generalship.Applied esp. to the chief supervisor of crown or public lands, of the customs and other administrative departments. surveyor-general of the ordnance: see ordnance n. 3.In U.S. a government officer who supervises the surveys of public lands.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > office > holder of office > public officials > senior or chief public officials > [noun] > surveyor-general

surveyor-general1515

society > authority > office > holder of office > public officials > senior or chief public officials > [noun] > surveyor-general > office of

surveyor-generalship1515

1515 Act 7 Hen. VIII c. 7 §37 Surveyour generall of all and singler our Castellis Lordeshippes Manours londes called Richemond [etc.] in the shire of Yorke.

1541–2 Act 33 Hen. VIII c. 39 §1 A certeyne Court commonly to be called the Court of the generall Surveyors of the Kingis landis.

1575 in W. H. Stevenson Rec. Borough Nottingham (1889) IV. 157 The Quen's Maiesty's Generall Serveyar.

1665 S. Pepys Diary 31 Oct. (1972) VI. 284 Surveyor Generall of the Victualling.

1693 N. Luttrell Diary in Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) III. 8 Sir Joseph Tredenham has kist the Kings hand for the place of surveyor generall of England.

1708 J. Chamberlayne Magnæ Britanniæ Notitia (ed. 22) ii. iii. 560 Surveyor-General of the Riding Officers appointed for the Guard of Kent and Sussex.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) The Surveyor General of the King's Manors; Surveyor of the King's Exchange; Surveyor General of the Works.

1754 (title) An east prospect of the city of Philadelphia: taken by George Heap..under the Direction of Nicholas Skull, Surveyor General of the Province of Pennsylvania.

1780 Chron. in Ann. Reg. 217/1 A surveyor-general of the excise.

1809 B. H. Malkin tr. A. R. Le Sage Adventures Gil Blas III. vii. xv. 204 I was proclaimed principal manager and surveyor-general of the family.

1831 in R. Ellis Laws & Pract. Regulations Customs (1840) IV. 273 The Board cannot admit the absence of an officer on leave, to be a sufficient ground for delaying an investigation before the Surveyors-general.

1882 Standard 9 Dec. 5/4 The Surveyor Generalship of the Ordnance.

6. In plural. Mountain boots.

ΚΠ

1912 Chambers's Jrnl. Apr. 221/1 His high-laced ‘surveyors’ or mountain-boots.

7. Dentistry. An instrument used to survey the casts of teeth, esp. to determine parallelism between surfaces on different teeth.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > dentistry > [noun] > models or casts > instrument for surveying cast

surveyor1928

1928 W. E. Cummer in C. R. Turner & L. P. Anthony Amer. Textbk. Prosthetic Dentistry (ed. 5) ix. 326 The Ney surveyor, in addition to the vertical marking member, includes a tilting table to which the cast is attached.

1939 J. Osborne Dental Mech. ix. 97 A clasp surveyor is a useful instrument for determining the exact position of the clasps.

1980 R. W. Blakeslee et al. Dental Technol. xi. 267/2 A dental surveyor consists of a platform to which an adjustable vertical tool holder is attached so that it is perpendicular to the platform.

Draft additions March 2020

surveyor's wheel n. a device for measuring distances, consisting of a wheel of known circumference which is attached to a handle and rolled along the ground by a person on foot; = odometer n. (a).A mechanism records the number of revolutions made by the wheel, thus enabling the distance travelled to be calculated.

ΚΠ

1755 J. Rogers Diss. Knowl. Ancients ix. 74 The 365 diurnal Rotations of the Earth measure its Orbit, as a Pedometer or Surveyor's Wheel does its Surface.

1860 J. Copland Exercises in Mental & Slate Arithm. 44 A surveyor's wheel is 5½ yds. in circumference; how often will it turn in measuring 44 miles?

2012 C. Scharf Gravity's Engines 45 If a surveyor went along the border and made visual measurements with the telescope of a theodolite every few hundred feet, adding up each distance, he would get a very different answer than if he had trudged every foot with a surveyor's wheel.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1918; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	surveyor
释义	surveyorn. Brit. /səˈveɪə/, U.S. /sərˈveɪər/ Forms: α. Middle English–1500s surveyoure, Middle English–1600s surveyour, surveior, 1500s–1600s surveiour, (1500s survayour, survayore, survayer, survoier, serveiour, serveyar, surveighor, surveighour, 1600s surveigher, surveier, surveyer), Middle English– surveyor. β. Middle English surveour(e, surviour(e, survyour, survyowre, Middle English–1500s survear, 1500s surveor. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman, Old French surve(i)our, < surveeir to survey v.: see -or suffix. One who surveys. 1. One who has the oversight or superintendence of a person or thing; an overseer, supervisor. a. gen. (also figurative) ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to status > [noun] > overseer or foreman stewarda1400 surveyorc1440 supervisorc1454 overlookera1513 workmaster1525 supervisora1529 foreman1574 superintendent1575 overman1606 headman1725 overseer1766 gang leader1775 hagmaster1797 maistry1798 gangsman1803 kangany1817 capataz1826 gangman1830 ganger1836 gaffer1841 gang boss1863 ramrod1881 charge-man1885 mandor1885 captain1886 overganger1887 ephor1890 pusher1901 gangster1913 line manager1960 society > authority > control > person in control > [noun] > superintendent > supervisor or overseer overseera1382 warden1398 surveyorc1440 supervisorc1454 seer1498 supravisor1573 superviser1616 curator1632 curate1648 overvisor1653 surviewer1783 major-domo1835 boss boy1906 monitor1922 incharge1956 c1440 J. Capgrave Life St. Katherine i. 263 He was suruyour to all þat þer wer, And..he payed her hyer. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 485/1 Survyowre, supervisor. 1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Surueiour of a bridall, pronubus. a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 2 (1623) iii. i. 253 Wer't not madnesse then, To make the Fox surueyor of the Fold? View more context for this quotation 1616 N. Breton Good & Badde in Wks. (1879) II. 7/2 Hee is a surueier of rights and reuenger of wrongs. a1631 J. Donne Serm. (1954) VII. 325 Men who are so severe..may..become Surveyors, and Controllers upon Christ himself. b. As a title of officials in various departments, offices, or works; e.g. one who superintends the construction of a building, the administration of an office or department, the collection of taxes, the keeping of a structure in good order or repair.Usually (except where the context is explanatory), with a defining phrase, as surveyor of highways, surveyor of taxes, †surveyor of wards and liveries, or with prefixed noun, as borough surveyor, district surveyor, forest surveyor, road surveyor, timber surveyor. surveyor of the navy: formerly, an official whose duty was ‘to know the State of all Stores, and see the Wants supplied; to survey the Hulls, Masts, and Yards, and estimate the Value of Repairs by Indenture; to charge all Boatswains and Carpenters of his Majesty's Navy with what Stores they received; and at the End of each Voyage, to state and audite their Accompts’ (Chamberlayne's Present State Great Brit.). ΘΚΠ society > authority > office > holder of office > public officials > [noun] > surveyor surveyor1442 1442 Rolls of Parl. V. 54/2 Sercheours, Countrollours, and Surveyours of Serchis. 1472–3 Rolls of Parl. VI. 58/1 Countroller and Surveyour of the Kynges werkes there. 1518 in J. H. Lupton Life J. Colet (1887) App. A. 278 The Maisters and surveyors of the scole. 1541 T. Elyot Image of Gouernance xix. f. 35^v Surueyours and other that..gathered the reuenues of his crowne. 1543 tr. Act 9 Hen. V Stat. ii. c. 4 Wardeyns and surueyours and minysters of the eschaunges out of the tower. 1553 in Archaeologia 12 382 Surveiors of the Stable. 1555 Act 2 & 3 Ph. & Mary c. 8 §1 The Constables & Churche~wardens of every parishe..shall..electe..twoo honest persons..to bee Surveyours & orderers..of the worckes for Amendement of the Highewais. 1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde iii. x. f. 148^v There is..appointed to euery man by the suruoiers of the mynes, a square plotte of grounde. 1631 J. Weever Anc. Funerall Monuments 582 This man..was the master Mason or Surueior of the kings stone-works. 1660 in Pepys' Diary (1870) 43 His Royal Highness James, Duke of York, Lord High Admiral..Sir William Batten, Surveyor. 1666 in S. Pepys Diary 7 Oct. (1972) VII. 312 He dreads the reports he is to receive from the Surveyors of its [sc. the fleet's] defects. 1670 J. Pettus Fodinæ Regales 41 The Surveyor of the Melting, who is to see the Silver cast out. 1698 T. Savery Navigation Improv'd 8 The Commissioners of the Navy..told me, that the Model must be survey'd by Mr. Dummer the Surveyor of the Navy. 1708 J. Chamberlayne Magnæ Britanniæ Notitia (ed. 22) ii. iii. 618 Surveyor of the High~ways. 1709 Brit. Apollo 11–16 Nov. [In the Customs] a Surveyor and 16 Tidewaters. 1793 Matthews's New Bristol Directory 1793–4 37 Surveyor of the Distilleries,..Surveyor of the Salt duties. 1872 M. S. De Vere Americanisms 264 Surveyor, an official who surveys all the inspectors, weighers, gaugers,..in a United States Customs-House. †c. Of a will: = overseer n. 1b, supervisor n. 1b. ΘΚΠ society > law > transfer of property > testamentary disposition > [noun] > management or disposal of estate > one who > one who assists or supervises overseer1402 surveyor1420 survisor1449 supervisor1456 oversman1540 overman1557 superviser1616 1420 in F. J. Furnivall Fifty Earliest Eng. Wills (1882) 54 The surveiors of my testament. c1430 J. Lydgate Minor Poems (Percy Soc.) 240 To make Jhesu to be cheef surveyour, Of my laste wyl set in my Testament. 1463 in S. Tymms Wills & Inventories Bury St. Edmunds (1850) 43 Be y^e avys and supportacion of y^e surviour and my executours. †d. An officer of the royal or other great household who superintended the preparation and serving of the food. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > authority > office > holder of office > official of royal or great household > [noun] > in charge of food, table, or plate butlerc1325 asseour1448 yeoman of the ewery1450 yeoman for the mouth1455 yeoman of the bottles1455 lardiner1469 yeoman of the buttery1473 surveyora1475 assewer1478 larderer1483 yeoman of the cellar1508 bread-bearer1518 groom-grubber1526 bottlemana1550 yeoman of the larder1585 saucery-man1691 plateman1842 plate-keeper1843 the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > cooking > cook > [noun] > head cook or supervisor surveyora1475 cosyner1533 kitchen artista1661 chef de cuisine1798 arch-magirist1814 chef1826 executive chef1902 a1475 Bk. Curtasye (Sloane 1986) l. 545 in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 317 Surueour and stuarde also. a1483 Liber Niger in Coll. Ordinances Royal Househ. (1790) 37 A Surveyour for the Kyng, to oversee, with the maister cooke for the mowthe, all maner of stuffe of vytayle which is best and moste holsom, and the conveyaunce and sauf guarde of it. a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) II. f. clxxxi Ye shall vnderstande y^t this Feest was all of Fysshe. And for y^e orderyng of y^e seruyce therof were dyuers Lordes appoynted for hede offycers, as Stewarde, Controller, Surueyour. 1601 F. Tate Househ. Ord. Edward II (1876) §36. 22 A serjant surveiour of the dressor for the hall. †e. One who had the oversight of the lands and boundaries of an estate and its appurtenances. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > authority > delegated authority > one having delegated or derived authority > [noun] > steward or bailiff in charge of another's property > other types of steward multure-ward?a1300 multure grieve1301 surveyor1485 field reeve1617 sea-reeve1855 sea-grave- 1485 Rolls of Parl. VI. 349/1 That this Acte of Resumption..be [not] prejudicial..to John Huse..for any Graunte made to hym, of the Office of Survearship of all the Lands and Tenements of Richemonde fee..or to be Survear of the same in any maner fourme. 1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Surueyeng Prol. sig. B2 It is necessary that euery great estate..shulde haue a Surueyour that can extende, but, and bounde, and value them. 1574 in 10th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1885) App. v. 335 Fowre Aldermen shalbe elected surveighours yearely..to determyne all mischaunces and variaunces of mearing betwixt thinhabitaunts. 1577 R. Holinshed Hist. Scotl. 10/1 in Chron. I Men..were apointed to be Surueyours of the whole countrey, & to deuide the same..into a set number of equal portions. 1583 P. Stubbes Second Pt. Anat. Abuses sig. E4^v When a gentleman..hath a farme..to let..he causeth a surueior to make strict inquirie what may be made of it. 1702 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion I. i. 77 He employ'd his own Surveyor..to treat with the Owners, many whereof were his own Tenants. 1782 F. Burney Cecilia V. ix. i. 4 She sent for the surveyor who had the superintendance of her estates. figurative.1629 F. Quarles Argalus & Parthenia i. 24 Thrice had the bright surueyour of the heauen Diuided out the dayes and nights by euen And equall houres.c1639 T. Dekker & J. Ford Sun's-darling (1656) iii. 25 What land soe're, the worlds surveyor, the Sun Can measure in a day. †f. The or a principal magistrate of a town or district. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > authority > office > holder of office > magistrate > chief magistrate of a district > [noun] reeveeOE high reeveOE praetor?a1439 surveyor1548 1548 in Acts Privy Council (1890) II. 555 The Survayore of Bolloyne. 1679 in Early Rec. Town of Providence (Rhode Island) (1895) VIII. 44 Ye Surveyor of ye Towne..shall see to ye retaineing..a suitable..prievelledge..not with standing. †g. A censor or licenser of books for the press. ΘΚΠ society > communication > printing > publishing > publisher > [noun] > censor gelder1564 purger1604 surveyor1663 press censor1853 smut-hound1927 1663 Cal. State Papers 240 Order for a warrant for..appointing Roger L'Estrange surveyor of all books. 2. One who designs, and superintends the construction of, a building; a practical architect.The duties are now usually divided between the architect, who prepares the design, and the quantity surveyor n. at quantity n. Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > builder > [noun] > architect or builder surveyora1464 deviser1548 master builder1557 architect1563 architector1563 architectist1650 structurer1755 structurist1854 a1464 J. Capgrave Abbreuiacion of Cron. (Cambr. Gg.4.12) (1983) 171 Þe kyng began þe newe edifiyng of Wyndesore, and mad Maystir William Wikham suruiour of þe same werk. 1593 T. Fale Horologiographia (title page) Of speciall vse..for diuers Artificers, Architects, Surueyours of buildings, free-Masons. 1603 T. Dekker 1603: Wonderfull Yeare sig. D4 He..bespake one [sc. a coffin], and (like the Surueyor of deaths buildings) gaue direction how this little Tenement should be framed. 1663 B. Gerbier Counsel to Builders 4 A skilful Surveyour, from whose Directions the several Master-work-men may receive Instructions by way of Draughts, Models, Frames, &c. a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1683 (1955) IV. 341 The Surveior having already begun the foundations for a palace. 1700 Moxon's Mech. Exercises: Bricklayers-wks. 16 The drawing of Draughts is most commonly the work of a Surveyor. 1843 Civil Engineer & Architect's Jrnl. 6 19/2 Several surveyors were called for the defendant, who stated it was the custom of the profession to charge 2½ per cent for rejected plans. figurative.1662 B. Gerbier Brief Disc. Princ. Building 2 The great Architect and Surveyor of Heaven and Earth. 3. a. One whose business it is to survey land, etc.; one who makes surveys, or practises surveying: see survey n. 5a, survey v. 2, surveying n. 2. See also land-surveyor n. 2 surveyor's chain = Gunter's chain: see Gunter n. 1. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > earth sciences > geography > map-making > surveying > [noun] > surveyor geometrian?c1400 geometrician?1537 surveyor1551 land-meter1582 land-measurer1632 measurer1636 geodesian1650 geometrist1772 geometer1773 arpenteur1789 land-surveyor1792 fieldman1838 1551 R. Record Pathway to Knowl. Pref. Suruayers haue cause to make muche of me [sc. geometry]. 1608 R. Norton tr. S. Stevin Disme: Art of Tenths sig. B4 The Surueyor or Land-meater. 1652 M. Nedham tr. J. Selden Of Dominion of Sea 135 Things used by Surveyors in the bounding of Lands. 1794 S. Williams Nat. & Civil Hist. Vermont 378 The magnetic needle can never give to the surveyor a straight and accurate line. 1840 J. Buel Farmer's Compan. (ed. 2) 285 A surveyor's chain is 4 poles, or 66 feet, divided into 100 links of 7·92 inches. 1879 C. C. King in Cassell's Techn. Educator IV. 92/2 In many cases the pace of the surveyor is used for determining distances. b. A name for certain caterpillars: = geometer n. 4, looper n.¹ 1. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > Heterocera > [noun] > family Geometridae > class of caterpillars > member of surveyor1682 looper1731 span-worm1820 geometric caterpillar1835 measuring worm1843 span-worm1852 inch-worma1861 measurer1868 loop-worm1880 1682 tr. J. Goedaert Of Insects 24 Our Country-people call these kinds of Catterpillars, Surveyours (Geometræ) because of their Gate, which is like a Pole turned over and over, when one measures Land. 1816 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. (1818) II. xxii. 289 The true geometers or surveyors. c. One whose business it is to inspect and examine land, houses, or other property and to calculate and report upon its actual or prospective value or productiveness for certain purposes. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > evaluation, estimation, appraisal > [noun] > one who appraises > with respect to property appraiser1424 surveyor1795 1795 C. Vancouver Gen. View Agric. Essex 186 The Surveyor cannot close this report without expressing..his warmest acknowledgements to the following gentlemen. 1812 in Civil Engineer & Archit. Jrnl. 5 (1842) 253/2 Towards the support..of some worthy character bred a surveyor and architect. 1847 A. C. Smeaton Builder's Pocket Man. (new ed.) 168 The business of the surveyor is to measure and value the work executed by the builder. 1858 P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products Surveyor,..an inspector of shipping, tonnage, &c. for Lloyds; an examiner of buildings for a fire-insurance office. 1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Lloyd's Surveyors, practical persons specially appointed in London..to investigate the state and condition of merchant-ships for the underwriters. ?1881 Census Eng. & Wales: Instr. Clerks classifying Occupations & Ages (?1885) 28 Insurance Surveyor. 4. a. One who views or looks at something; a beholder. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > one who sees > [noun] > beholder or spectator showerOE beholderc1374 lookera1382 espiouressc1430 considererc1449 overseerc1450 regarder1525 surveyor1558 viewer1565 spectatora1586 regardant1590 aspector1603 supervisor1610 eyer1611 spectatrix1611 spectatress1632 speculator1647 contemplator1658 attender1665 espier1860 1558 T. Phaer tr. Virgil Seuen First Bks. Eneidos vii. sig. S.iv^v On euery syde they seeke, and send Surveiours through the coast. 1590 R. Greene Mourning Garment 27 The eye being the suruayour of all exteriour obiects. 1829 W. S. Landor Imaginary Conversat. 2nd Ser. I. xv. 496 The brightest of stars appear the most..tremulous in their light..from the vapours that float below, and from the imperfection of vision in the surveyor. b. figurative. One who takes a mental view of something; an examiner, contemplator. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > thought > continued thinking, reflection, contemplation > thinking about, consideration, deliberation > [noun] > one who ponders ponderer?1526 considerera1568 contemplator1597 deliberator1598 surveyor1606 chewer1612 head-scratcher1618 considerator1658 reflecter1665 reflector1665 deliberant1672 preoccupier1746 ruminator1758 phrontist1822 incubator1851 1606 J. Ford Honor Triumphant sig. E1^v If a curious surueior will vpon this approue, that louers haue beene witty. 1640 Bp. J. Hall Episcopacie iii. v. 245 These which I have abstracted from our judicious surveyer. 1905 J. B. Bury Life St. Patrick iii. 45 To the surveyor of the history of humanity this is the interest which Pelagius possesses. 5. surveyor-general n. †general surveyor (see general adj. 8a): a principal or head surveyor; one who has the control of a body of surveyors, or the general oversight of some business. Hence surveyor-generalship.Applied esp. to the chief supervisor of crown or public lands, of the customs and other administrative departments. surveyor-general of the ordnance: see ordnance n. 3.In U.S. a government officer who supervises the surveys of public lands. ΘΚΠ society > authority > office > holder of office > public officials > senior or chief public officials > [noun] > surveyor-general surveyor-general1515 society > authority > office > holder of office > public officials > senior or chief public officials > [noun] > surveyor-general > office of surveyor-generalship1515 1515 Act 7 Hen. VIII c. 7 §37 Surveyour generall of all and singler our Castellis Lordeshippes Manours londes called Richemond [etc.] in the shire of Yorke. 1541–2 Act 33 Hen. VIII c. 39 §1 A certeyne Court commonly to be called the Court of the generall Surveyors of the Kingis landis. 1575 in W. H. Stevenson Rec. Borough Nottingham (1889) IV. 157 The Quen's Maiesty's Generall Serveyar. 1665 S. Pepys Diary 31 Oct. (1972) VI. 284 Surveyor Generall of the Victualling. 1693 N. Luttrell Diary in Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) III. 8 Sir Joseph Tredenham has kist the Kings hand for the place of surveyor generall of England. 1708 J. Chamberlayne Magnæ Britanniæ Notitia (ed. 22) ii. iii. 560 Surveyor-General of the Riding Officers appointed for the Guard of Kent and Sussex. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) The Surveyor General of the King's Manors; Surveyor of the King's Exchange; Surveyor General of the Works. 1754 (title) An east prospect of the city of Philadelphia: taken by George Heap..under the Direction of Nicholas Skull, Surveyor General of the Province of Pennsylvania. 1780 Chron. in Ann. Reg. 217/1 A surveyor-general of the excise. 1809 B. H. Malkin tr. A. R. Le Sage Adventures Gil Blas III. vii. xv. 204 I was proclaimed principal manager and surveyor-general of the family. 1831 in R. Ellis Laws & Pract. Regulations Customs (1840) IV. 273 The Board cannot admit the absence of an officer on leave, to be a sufficient ground for delaying an investigation before the Surveyors-general. 1882 Standard 9 Dec. 5/4 The Surveyor Generalship of the Ordnance. 6. In plural. Mountain boots. ΚΠ 1912 Chambers's Jrnl. Apr. 221/1 His high-laced ‘surveyors’ or mountain-boots. 7. Dentistry. An instrument used to survey the casts of teeth, esp. to determine parallelism between surfaces on different teeth. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > dentistry > [noun] > models or casts > instrument for surveying cast surveyor1928 1928 W. E. Cummer in C. R. Turner & L. P. Anthony Amer. Textbk. Prosthetic Dentistry (ed. 5) ix. 326 The Ney surveyor, in addition to the vertical marking member, includes a tilting table to which the cast is attached. 1939 J. Osborne Dental Mech. ix. 97 A clasp surveyor is a useful instrument for determining the exact position of the clasps. 1980 R. W. Blakeslee et al. Dental Technol. xi. 267/2 A dental surveyor consists of a platform to which an adjustable vertical tool holder is attached so that it is perpendicular to the platform. Draft additions March 2020 surveyor's wheel n. a device for measuring distances, consisting of a wheel of known circumference which is attached to a handle and rolled along the ground by a person on foot; = odometer n. (a).A mechanism records the number of revolutions made by the wheel, thus enabling the distance travelled to be calculated. ΚΠ 1755 J. Rogers Diss. Knowl. Ancients ix. 74 The 365 diurnal Rotations of the Earth measure its Orbit, as a Pedometer or Surveyor's Wheel does its Surface. 1860 J. Copland Exercises in Mental & Slate Arithm. 44 A surveyor's wheel is 5½ yds. in circumference; how often will it turn in measuring 44 miles? 2012 C. Scharf Gravity's Engines 45 If a surveyor went along the border and made visual measurements with the telescope of a theodolite every few hundred feet, adding up each distance, he would get a very different answer than if he had trudged every foot with a surveyor's wheel. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1918; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.1420
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