单词 | stranger |
释义 | strangern.adj. 1. a. One who belongs to another country, a foreigner; chiefly (now exclusively), one who resides in or comes to a country to which he or she is a foreigner; an alien.Now somewhat rare; the recent examples show mixture of senses 2a and 4a. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabitant > type of inhabitant generally > [noun] > non-native inhabitant alien?a1400 out-comelingc1400 strangerc1460 free denizen1551 denizen1576 peregrine1593 inmatea1600 outcomer1607 resident alien1801 metic1808 expatriate1818 international1851 offcome1859 overrunner1876 aubain1882 offcomer1898 non-native1899 outworlder1948 transplant1961 expat1962 non-patrial1971 society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > separation or isolation > [noun] > one who is separated or isolated > stranger or outsider > from another country outlandishOE WelshmanlOE outlandish manc1300 foreign?a1400 strangerc1460 foreigner1483 outborna1557 tramontane1593 transmarine1596 outlander1598 outlandisher1599 exotic1651 Outalian1668 furriner1849 Dutchman1857 Uitlander1892 Johnny Foreigner1899 non-patrial1971 c1460 J. Russell Bk. Nurture 1109 More ouer take hede he must to aliene commers straungeres, and to straungers of þis land, resient dwelleres. c1480 (a1400) St. Machor 26 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 1 God mad hym to rest syn in france, in toron, til honouryt be, set þare a strangere was he. 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xx. 402 And to the lord dowglass gaf he The waward, for to leid and steir; All haill the strangeris with him weir. 1493 Sc. Acts Jas. IV (1814) II. 234/1 Quhene ony schip of alienaris or strangearis of vþer realmes cummys in þe havin of Leith. ?c1510 tr. Newe Landes & People founde by Kynge of Portyngale sig. Dv We kepe also the poure people with our almes alle that cometh be it strenger or of oure owne people. 1569 in Southampton Court Leet Rec. (1905) I. 58 That none wthin the towne of Southampton englishe or stranger by enne butter other then for theire owne stowere. 1597 T. Morley Plaine & Easie Introd. Musicke Pref. Then was I forced to runne to the workes of manie, both strangers and Englishmen..for a solution..of my doubt. c1600 Wriothesley's Chron. Eng. (1875) I. 2 One Martin Swarte, a straunger, slayne all in a feild that they made againste the Kinge. 1611 M. Smith in Bible (King James) Transl. Pref. ⁋11 As St. Augustine saith; A man had rather be with his dog than with a stranger (whose tongue is strange vnto him). 1650 A. Cowley in T. Brown Misc. Aulica (1702) 134 His Forces compos'd of about six hundred Strangers, and the rest drawn out of the Islands, are about two thousand. 1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan ii. xix. 101 Strangers (that is, men not used to live under the same government, nor speaking the same language). c1660 J. Evelyn Diary ann. 1620 (1955) II. 4 In the judgment of strangers, as well as English-men, it may be compared to one of the most..pleasant seates in the Nation. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost xii. 358 At last they seise The Scepter, and regard not Davids Sons, Then loose it to a stranger . View more context for this quotation 1729 T. Cooke Tales 213 If stated Rules are observed..the Facility of learning the Language will be no small Inducement to the Study of it in Strangers. 1870 Duke of Argyll Iona i. 14 The story..that a British chief invited the Saxon stranger from across the German Sea. 1871 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest IV. xvii. 55 In a generation or two the stranger ceased to be a stranger. The foreign spoiler..insensibly changed into the son of the soil. 1906 W. A. Craigie Relig. Anc. Scandinavia iv. 57 In Sweden, indeed, strangers appear to have run some risk of being selected as victims. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > by habitat or distribution > [noun] > non-native or migrant stranger1578 exotic1682 alien1847 colonizer1856 migrant1874 immigrant1880 adventive1883 pioneer1911 neophyte1916 wool alien1919 casual1926 society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > a land or country > [noun] > foreign land > a foreign thing stranger1578 anachorism1671 foreigner1677 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball i. lxxxvii. 440 The apple of Perow is a stranger also. 1597 J. Gerard Herball i. 133 The last [flower] is a stranger in England, yet we haue it and the rest in our gardens. 1657 W. Coles Adam in Eden cxi There are divers Sorts of Wood-binds, some..known throughout the Land;..others are strangers, or not so well known. 1669 S. Sturmy Mariners Mag. vii. xi. 17 This Declining Dial being a Stranger with us, followeth the fashion of his own Country. 1732 Ld. Lyttelton Progress of Love ii. 69 A Bird..Whose yellow Plumage shines like polish'd Gold; From distant Isles the lovely Stranger came, And bears the fortunate Canaries Name. 2. a. One who is not a native of, or who has not long resided in, a country, town, or place. Chiefly, a new comer, one who has not yet become well acquainted with the place, or (cf. 4) one who is not yet well known. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabitant > type of inhabitant generally > [noun] > new inhabitant new-comeOE new-cominga1387 foreigner1422 stranger1447 newcomerc1450 new face?a1513 new comeling1587 come-o'-will1815 settler1815 newie1856 sinkeh1878 new kid1894 ring-neck1898 blow-in1908 malihini1914 mystery1937 new jack1988 1447 O. Bokenham Lyvys Seyntys i. 881 (Margin) Allas, quod he, euene as a straunger And as vnknowyn also in this cuntre Ineuytabylly I must deyin her. 1592 R. Greene Quip for Vpstart Courtier sig. C2 Because I am a stranger in this land, & but here lately ariued, they wil hold me as an vpstart. a1616 W. Shakespeare Taming of Shrew (1623) ii. i. 89 Pardon me sir, the boldnesse is mine owne, That being a stranger in this Cittie heere, Do make my selfe a sutor to your daughter. View more context for this quotation a1626 F. Bacon New Atlantis (1658) 5 He came to conduct vs to the Strangers House... The Strangers House is a faire and spacious House, built of Brick, [etc.]. 1794 A. Radcliffe Myst. of Udolpho I. vi. 165 I cannot shew you the way, for I am almost a stranger here. 1845 P. H. Gosse Ocean (1849) iv. 178 But of all the constellations that stud the sky of the southern hemisphere, there is none that more strikes a stranger than the Southern Cross. 1860 Mercantile Marine Mag. 7 311 Some allowance is to be made for him from the fact of his being a stranger in these seas. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabitant > inhabitant according to environment > inhabitant of a district or parish > [noun] > not inhabitant of parish stranger1507 1507–8 in H. Littlehales Medieval Rec. London City Church (1905) 262 R' of stevyn sawnderson for the beryell of a stranger, xij d. 1517–18 in H. Littlehales Medieval Rec. London City Church (1905) 299 Ress' for the buryall of a straunger in þe greate chirche~yard..viij d. 1585 in Trans. Essex Archæol. Soc. (1863) 2 128 A poore child beinge a stranger baptd the 13th of Julye. ΚΠ 1591 Exch. Rolls Scot. XXII. 156 Borrowit fra the said clerk of register be his majestie of the straingeris siluer consignit in his handis. 3. a. A guest or visitor, in contradistinction to the members of the household. Now chiefly with mixture of sense 4. to make a stranger of: to treat with ceremony, not as one of the family. Chiefly with negative. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabitant > temporary inhabitant > [noun] > in another's house strangerc1400 visitor1576 visiter1592 house guest1609 sojourner1609 visitant1769 house party1827 cuckoo1872 society > leisure > social event > hospitality > guest > [noun] guestOE host1390 strangerc1400 hostessa1425 gestenerc1480 stranger-guest1725 treatee1841 c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (1839) iv. 29 At grete Festes and for Straungeres, thei setten Formes and Tables. 1420–2 J. Lydgate Story of Thebes ii. 1468 The fresshnesse of Her heuenly cheres So agreable was to the straungers,..that..hem thoght it lik a thyng Celestial. a1475 Bp. Grossetest's Househ. Stat. (Sloane 1986) in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 330 Commaunde ye the officers that they admitte youre knowlechyd men, familiers frendys, and strangers, with mery chere. a1475 Bk. Curtasye (Sloane 1986) l. 801 in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 326 But he sende hit to ony strongere, A pese þat is hym leue and dere. 1508 Golagros & Gawane (Chepman & Myllar) sig. dv He gart at ane sete burd ye strangearis begin The maist seymly in sale ordanit thame sete. 1509 J. Fisher Mornynge Remembraunce Countesse of Rychemonde (de Worde) sig. Av v The housholde seruauntes muste be put in some good ordre. The straungers of honeste..must be consydered. 1519 in Archaeologia (1834) 25 425 Straungers in ye same week Imprimis Mr Roger Woodows & his wyff, & his iiij servants from Sondaye till Wedynsdaye. ?1545 H. Rhodes Bk. Nurture sig. C.iv Yf a straunger syt the nere, make hym some frendly chere. 1572 (a1500) Taill of Rauf Coilȝear (1882) 216 Gyll, lat the cop raik for my bennysoun, And gar our Gaist begin, and syne drink thow to me; Sen he is ane stranger, me think it ressoun. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost v. 316 And what thy stores contain, bring forth and poure Abundance, fit to honour and receive Our Heav'nly stranger . View more context for this quotation 1699 W. Dampier Voy. & Descr. i. v. 93 That part that fronts the Gate, has a pretty neat room, which seems to be designed for the reception of Strangers. 1766 O. Goldsmith Vicar of Wakefield II. xiii. 221 He now resides..at a relation's house..seldom sitting at the side-table, except when there is no room at the other; for they make no stranger of him. b. Any of the things which are popularly imagined to forebode the coming of an unexpected visitor, e.g. a floating tea-leaf in the cup; an excrescence on the wick of a candle, causing guttering; a piece of soot flapping on the bar of the grate; a moth flying towards one. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > prediction, foretelling > an omen, sign, portent > [noun] > portending a visitor or letter letter1708 stranger1798 1798 S. T. Coleridge Frost at Midnight in Fears in Solitude 20 Only that film, which flutter'd on the grate, Still flutters there... Ah me!.. How often in my early school-boy days, With most believing superstitious wish Presageful have I gaz'd upon the bars, To watch the stranger there! 1838 G. Wilson Let. in J. A. Wilson Mem. (1860) iii. 136 Have you seen any strangers floating in your tea? 1862 C. C. Robinson Dial. Leeds & Neighbourhood 423 Stranger, a name given to the soot-flakes which peel off, and flutter on the bars of fire~grates [etc.]. 1870 W. C. Hazlitt Brand's Pop. Antiq. Great Brit. (rev. ed.) III. 181 A kind of fungus in the candle, he [sc. Grose] observes, predicts the visit of a stranger from that part of the country nearest the object. [Addit. note] This is called a stranger. 1894 R. Leighton Wreck Golden Fleece 84 Pausing only to take up the silver snuffers and clip a ‘stranger’ from the wick of the guttering candle. 1896 L. Proudlock Borderland Muse 7 Oh see, Granny, see! A stranger sae bonnilie flaps on the bars. 4. a. An unknown person; a person whom one has not seen before; also in wider sense, a person with whom one is not yet well acquainted. Phrases, a perfect, a total, an utter stranger. Const. to. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > love > friendliness > [noun] > state of being acquainted > acquaintance > unknown person strangerc1385 mystery man1922 society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > separation or isolation > [noun] > one who is separated or isolated > stranger or outsider fremdc950 guestc950 althedyOE allophyleOE uncoutha1250 strangea1325 alienc1384 barbarc1384 barbarync1384 strangerc1385 barbaric1388 foreigna1399 outland?a1400 farandman14.. out-comelingc1400 foreigner1422 alienar1473 alienate1497 estrangec1503 new face?a1513 barbarianc1550 fremman1568 frenne1579 estranger1586 inmatea1600 outlier1606 outcomer1607 externc1610 exoteric1697 outner1721 outsider1800 unco1800 inconnu1807 outrigger1850 offcome1859 ringer1896 offcomer1898 shenzi1910 out-grouper1938 outworlder1948 c1385 G. Chaucer Legend Good Women 1075 And, for he was a straunger, somwhat she Lyked him the bet, as..To som folk ofte newe thing is swote. 1490 Caxton's Blanchardyn & Eglantine (1962) xii. 43 Incontynente that she felte her self to be thus sodaynly kyst of a man straunger out of her knowlege, she [etc.]. c1522 T. More Treat. Memorare Nouissima in Wks. (1557) I. 81 So that if thou consider this well, thou maist loke vpon deth, not as a stranger, but as a nigh neibour. a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) i. iv. 4 The Duke..hath known you but three dayes, and already you are no stranger . View more context for this quotation a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1653 (1955) III. 80 At our own Parish Church, a Stranger preachd. 1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 330 When I came to England, I was as perfect a Stranger to all the World, as if I had never been known there. 1798 S. Lee Young Lady's Tale in H. Lee Canterbury Tales II. 488 Sir Edward, perceiving..a person quite a stranger to him. 1825 E. Bulwer-Lytton Zicci i But the stranger had an air and tone with him it was impossible to resist. 1874 J. Parker Paraclete i. viii. 114 He [Christ] has always been a stranger, viewed with suspicion. 1893 D. Davidson Mem. Long Life (ed. 2) viii. 198 Mr. Bell was sitting at breakfast, when a stranger entered his bungalow. 1908 R. Bagot Anthony Cuthbert v. 41 After all, you must remember that up to a few days ago you were a comparative stranger to your aunt Jane. b. Said playfully of a newborn child. Usually little stranger.‘Welcome, little stranger!’ was a quotation common in the early part of the 19th century, and sometimes printed or embroidered on articles for nursery use. ΘΚΠ the world > people > person > baby or infant > [noun] childOE baban?c1225 fauntekin1377 infant1382 babea1393 fauntelet1393 babyc1400 lakinc1440 mop1440 chrisomer1574 tenderling1587 chrisom1596 childling1648 flosculet1648 bratling1652 lullaby-cheat1665 strangera1674 child (also infant, baby) in armsa1675 hoppet1695 tot1725 bambino1761 weanie1786 tiny1797 dot1800 trudgeon1814 toddle1825 toddles1828 yearnling1829 dab1833 toddler1837 baba1841 arrival1846 teeny-tiny1849 toddlekins1852 mite1853 trot1854 babelet1856 nestler1866 spoon-child1868 bubby1885 chavvy1886 bub1889 kiddy1889 toddleskin1890 newborn1893 kidlet1899 kidling1899 bubba1906 bundle of joy1924 liddly1929 mammet1932 snork1941 kiddywink1957 sproglet1987 a1674 T. Traherne Centuries iii, in Poems (1966) 263 I was a little Stranger which at my Enterance into the World was Saluted and Surrounded with innumerable Joys. 1787 J. Woodforde Diary 6 May (1926) II. 320 Mrs. Custance was brought to bed of a Boy about 11 o'clock this Morn'. She with the little stranger as well as can be expected. 1829 W. Scott Guy Mannering (new ed.) I. Introd. p. iv ‘I fear from your looks,’ said the father, ‘that you have bad tidings to tell me of my young stranger.’ 1856 H. Mayhew Upper Rhine 41 A medical bulletin, informing you of that day's state of health of some ‘little stranger’ and its mother within. 1896 R. Kipling Three-decker in Seven Seas 135 We never talked obstetrics when the Little Stranger came. c. Vocatively. Originally in rustic use in the U.S.: a customary mode of address to one whose name is unknown. Now in general colloquial use: to address one who has not been seen for some time. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > naming > anonymity or lack of a name > [noun] > form of address to unknown person what's-your-name1757 stranger1817 Jack1889 Jimmy1981 society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > separation or isolation > [noun] > one who is separated or isolated > stranger or outsider > as form of address stranger1817 the world > space > place > absence > [noun] > one who is absent > one who has been absent for a long time > form of address to stranger1934 1817 M. Birkbeck Notes Journey Amer. (1818) 81 On my way..a man..hailed me with the common, but to us quaint appellation of ‘stranger’. 1827 J. F. Cooper Prairie ix I should be better pleased, stranger,..to be sure the creature was a beast at all. 1884 C. Phillipps-Wolley Trottings of Tenderfoot 33 Mighty big feet of yourn, ain't they, stranger? 1934 E. O'Neill Days without End ii. 59 Hello, Stranger. 1969 New Yorker 3 May 34/3 ‘Well, stranger, where've you been?’ she greeted me. ‘Why didn't you come back like you said?’ 1973 Weekly News (Glasgow) 11 Aug. 5/1 (caption) Hello, there, stranger! 1977 F. Parrish Fire in Barley iii. 31 ‘Mornin', stranger,’ said..the landlord. ‘How's the old lady keepin'?’ ‘Fairish,’ said Dan. d. Predicatively, said of one whose visits have long ceased. Similarly in to be (quite) a stranger and variants, said of an infrequent visitor. †Also, one who never visits (a place), an absentee from. ΘΚΠ the world > space > place > absence > [noun] > one who is absent > one who has been absent for a long time stranger1530 long-lost1824 society > leisure > social event > hospitality > guest > [noun] > one whose visits have long ceased stranger1530 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 625/2 I make my selfe a straunger for leavyng to resorte to a place, je me aliene. 1540 J. Palsgrave in tr. G. Gnapheus Comedye of Acolastus i. i. sig. D Pel. Hast thou not herde tell..of my sonne? Ev. What studyeth he..? Pel. To make hym selfe a straunger from his fathers howse [etc.]. 1580 G. Harvey in E. Spenser & G. Harvey Three Proper & Wittie Lett. 37 I am lately become a maruellous great straunger at myne olde Mistresse Poetries. 1620 Horæ Subseciuæ 174 To make themselues altogether strangers from the Court and Towne is too strict. 1706 D. Defoe Apparition Mrs. Veal (1732) 3 I am surprized to see you, you have been so long a Stranger. a1804 J. Austen in J. E. Austen Leigh Mem. Jane Austen (1871) 349 ‘So Emma,’ said he, ‘you are quite a stranger at home.’ 1860 C. M. Yonge Friarswood Post-Office vii. 115 Ha! Harold King! Well, to be sure, you are a stranger! 1884 A. S. Swan Carlowrie x. 161 ‘Eh, Miss Ritchie, what a stranger!’ exclaimed Mrs. Dalrymple's pleasant voice. 1910 A. Bennett Clayhanger iii. vii. 378 ‘Well, Mr. Clayhanger,’ said the steward... ‘You're quite a stranger.’ 1916 J. Joyce Portrait of Artist v. 258 You are a great stranger now. 1937 A. Upfield Mr. Jelly's Business xx. 211 Hello, Mr. Muir! You're quite a stranger. 1962 G. Avery Greatest Gresham ix. 162 Well, if it isn't the kiddies from next door. Why, you are strangers these days. e. Australian and New Zealand. An animal which has strayed from a neighbouring flock or herd. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > domestic animal > [noun] > livestock > member of livestock > that strayed from flock strayc1440 straggler1848 stranger1852 tailer1893 1852 J. R. Clough Jrnl. 11 Feb. in Deans Lett. 1840–54 (1937) 290 Branded 57 calves..counted all the other cattle; 201 of them strangers. 1933 L. G. D. Acland in Press (Christchurch, N.Z.) 16 Dec. 21/8 Stranger, a sheep of a neighbour's on your own run. 1965 J. S. Gunn Terminol. Shearing Industry ii. 28 Stranger, a strange sheep, probably from an adjoining property, which has joined the flock being shorn. 1972 P. Newton Sheep Thief xvi. 137 There was nothing unusual in..having a few ‘strangers’ (neighbour's sheep) on the place. 5. a. A non-member of a society. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > separation or isolation > [noun] > one who is separated or isolated > non-member stranger?c1376 non-member1635 ?c1376 in Eng. Gilds (1870) 76 Also þat no brother no sister ne shalle discuse þe counseil of þis fraternite to no straungere. 1556 in W. Mackay & H. C. Boyd Rec. Inverness (1911) I. 3 For withhalding of..strangeris nocht to be excepit amangis thame as burges or gild broder. 1576 in W. M. Williams Ann. Founders' Co. (1867) 65 To comyte to prison those two Strangers which do refuse to be sworne to observe..Ordynances of theyre sayde Companye. 1879 H. C. Powell Amateur Athletic Ann. 22 Portal, of Balliol, had little difficulty in taking the first prize in the 300 yds. strangers' handicap [at Corpus sports]. 1892 Photogr. Ann. II. 607 Brechin Photographic Association... The use of the dark room..is granted to strangers at the nominal charge of 1s. per month. b. Parliament. One who is not a member or official of the House, and is present at its debates only on sufferance. So occasionally with reference to a court of justice. I spy strangers: the formula used by a member in demanding the expulsion of strangers from the House. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > governing or legislative body of a nation or community > English or British parliament > [noun] > Member of Parliament > not stranger1705 1705 Orig. Jrnls. House of Commons 31 Oct. 113 25 Ordered That the Serjeant at Arms attending this House do from time to time take into his Custody any Stranger or Strangers that he shall see or be inform'd of to be in the House or Gallery while the House or any Committee of the whole House is Sitting. 1795 tr. K. P. Moritz Trav. Eng. 58 The members call aloud to the gallery, withdraw! withdraw! On this the strangers withdraw. 1809 Parl. Deb. 1st Ser. 14 255 The gallery was not re-opened to strangers, and the house shortly afterwards divided on Mr. Canning's Amendment. 1836 C. Dickens Sketches by Boz 2nd Ser. 239 We'll try our fortune at the Strangers' Gallery, though the nature of the debate encourages very little hope of success. 1861 Ld. Brougham Brit. Constit. (ed. 2) xix. 322 Each court should have the power of excluding strangers in certain cases. 1886 H. W. Lucy Diary Two Parl.: Gladstone 120 The galleries over the clock were all full, strangers displaying an undying interest in the proceedings. 6. A person not of one's kin; more fully, stranger in blood. Also, a person unconnected by ties of friendship or the like. †to put on the stranger: to affect a distant manner. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > [noun] > no relation unsibc1175 stranger1535 unkinsman1608 non-relative1848 no relation1883 the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > discourtesy > be discourteous [verb (intransitive)] > not be affable to make oneself strange1390 to make (it) strangec1405 to make (it) strange1598 to wait one's distance1600 to wait one's distance1642 starch1698 prim1721 to cast snowballs1725 to put on the stranger1809 to show the cold shoulder1816 stiffen1864 to play hard to get1929 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Psalms lxviii. 8 I am become a straunger vnto my brethren, and an aleaunt vnto my mothers children. 1809 B. H. Malkin tr. A. R. Le Sage Adventures Gil Blas IV. xii. i. 376 I came up to pay my devotions; but whim..determined her to put on the stranger, and receive my compliments with so discouraging a coldness, as to throw me into some little confusion. 1860 N. Hawthorne Marble Faun I. xxiii. 255 That Miriam—only yesterday her closest friend—had a right to be told..that thenceforth they must be forever strangers. 7. a. One who has no share in (some privilege or business). Const. of, from. ? Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > separation or isolation > [noun] > detachment or non-participation > one having no share in privilege or business stranger1484 1484 W. Caxton tr. G. de la Tour-Landry Bk. Knight of Tower (1971) xliiii. 66 We & alle the world were delyuerd to the perille of the deth of helle, and made straungers of the greete ioye of paradys. c1535 M. Nisbet New Test. in Scots (1905) III. Prol. to Rom. 323 Heythen, quhilkis ar strangers from the lyf of Gode. 1611 J. Digby Let. 2 Feb. in 10th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1885) App. i. 559 The French Ambassr here is much dejected that he has been made a mere stranger in this business. b. Law. One not privy or party to an act. Const. to. Also, one not standing towards another in some relation implied in the context. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > relationship > non-relation > [noun] > that which lacks relation stranger1543 inconnection1695 irrelative1883 society > law > legal concepts > [noun] > interest > one who has not stranger1543 estranger1594 society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > separation or isolation > [noun] > detachment or non-participation > one having no part in an act or relation stranger1543 1543 tr. Act 1 Rich. III c. 7 The sayde fyne to be a fynall ende, and to conclude aswell pryueys as straungers to the same. 1642 tr. J. Perkins Profitable Bk. x. §691. 298 The feoffees..are strangers unto the lease [AF. ils sont estranges a le lease]. 1765 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. I. i. xiv. 418 If a servant..by his negligence does any damage to a stranger, the master shall answer for his neglect. 1766 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. ii. xxi. 356 Strangers to a fine are all other persons in the world, except only parties and privies. 1805 W. Cruise Digest Laws Eng. Real Prop. V. 319 If a feoffment from the cestui que use to a stranger, after he had conveyed the use, would have made the fine undoubtedly good, the like feoffment would [etc.]. 1842 S. Greenleaf Law Evid. I. §522. 672 (Funk) It is also a most obvious principle of justice, that no man ought to be bound by proceedings to which he was a stranger. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > quality of being exclusive > [noun] > something which has no place in a class, etc. stranger1602 1602 J. Marston Hist. Antonio & Mellida i. sig. B4v Pish, tis our nature to desire things That are thought strangers to the common cut. a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) iv. iii. 126 I..Heere abiure The taints, and blames I laide vpon my selfe, For strangers to my Nature. View more context for this quotation a1627 J. Fletcher & T. Middleton Nice Valour v. ii, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Xxxv/2 The name of envy is a stranger here. a1653 H. Binning Sinners Sanctuary v, in Wks. (1735) 183 It is no Wonder that we cannot speak any Thing to Purpose of this Subject,..because it is indeed a Mystery to our Judgments, and a great Stranger to our Practice. 1703 N. Rowe Fair Penitent Ded. Those violent Passions which have been always Strangers to so happy a Temper as your Grace is Mistress of. 1715 J. Hughes Wks. Spenser I. Remarks p. xciv Before his [Spenser's] time, Musick seems to have been so much a Stranger to our Poetry, that..we have very few Examples of Verses that had any tolerable Cadence. 1722 A. Philips Briton i. v. 10 A Friend accounted long, I felt her Charms, When Yvor was a Stranger to her Thoughts. 1838 T. Mitchell in Aristophanes Clouds 461–2 (note) Language derived from the art of war appears to have been no stranger to the mouth of Socrates. 9. Predicatively, a stranger to ——: Unacquainted with, ignorant of. (Distinct from sense 4.) ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > want of knowledge, ignorance > unfamiliarity with, inexperience > [adjective] unwistc1374 unknowna1393 ignorantc1475 imperfect1508 rawa1513 unskilfula1547 imperite?1550 illiterate1556 strange1561 unacquainted1565 green-headed1569 unacquainted1581 unacquaint1587 unfledged1603 inexperienced1626 guiltless1667 inexperient1670 unconversanta1674 unversed1675 uninitiated1678 a stranger to1697 uninitiate1801 inconversant1802 lay1821 griffish1836 wet behind the ears1851 neophytic1856 griffinish1860 experienceless1875 neophytish1897 wet-eared1967 1697 J. Dryden Ded. Æneis in tr. Virgil Wks. sig. e3v Long before I undertook this Work, I was no stranger to the Original. 1715 H. Felton Diss. reading Classics (ed. 2) 146 There is so much..Beauty in the Classics, that 'tis impossible to translate them so ill, as utterly to deface them, and quite spoil the Entertainment they afford those who are Strangers to them in their Native Tongue. 1721 T. Thomas Pref. Urry's Chaucer Pref. i 2 As for my self, I was equally a stranger to Mr. Urry and his Undertaking, till some time after his Death. 1773 J. Cook Jrnl. 26 Mar. (1969) II. 109 Fearing to run into a place in thick weather we were utter strangers to, I tacked in 25fm water. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > want of knowledge, ignorance > [adjective] > ignorant of something unwittingc893 unwarec1374 unknowinga1398 ignorantc1425 unawares1549 unfraught1587 unintelligenta1616 unstudied1642 a stranger to1665 unconscious1678 unconscious1700 unskilled1725 oblivious1854 1665 R. Boyle Disc. iv. iii, in Occas. Refl. sig. E7 Though one that were a Stranger to the Art of Gardening, would think, that [etc.]. 1688 R. Boyle Disquis. Final Causes i. 28 A great Book, written in some Indian Language, which he is utterly a Stranger to. 1741 R. Challoner Mem. Missionary Priests I. Pref. sig. A4v We must be utterly Strangers to the History of that Reign..if we deny that they [sc. tortures] were in Use in those Times. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > want of knowledge, ignorance > [adjective] > lacking information none the wiserc1175 unformedc1540 untold1590 uninformed1597 unascertained1628 unnewseda1644 a stranger to1694 unapprised1728 tidingless1822 unenlightened1829 out of the loop1976 1694 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 18 43 Had any Person, a stranger to what had been done, seen the Stumps, he would have supposed nothing less than an actual Cautery had been applyed. 1738 J. Swift Compl. Coll. Genteel Conversat. 190 They say, she's quite a Stranger to all his Gallantries. 1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson ii. iv. 166 The enemy was still a stranger to our having got round Cape Horn. 1763 Museum Rusticum (1764) 1 327 They are no strangers that new beans will..give a horse the gripes. 1831 W. Scott Count Robert ii, in Tales of my Landlord 4th Ser. II. 39 ‘I am no stranger,’ said the Varangian, ‘to the pride of your heart, or the precedence which you assume over those who have been less fortunate in war than yourselves.’ d. Having no experience of; unaccustomed to. Said of persons and things. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > customary or habitual mode of behaviour > unaccustomedness or state of disuse > unaccustomed to [phrase] a stranger to1633 1633 J. Ford Broken Heart iii. i. sig. F5[3]v I am no stranger to such easie calmes As sit in tender bosomes. 1684 J. Bunyan Pilgrim's Progress 2nd Pt. 172 There are many that go upon the Road, that rather declare themselves Strangers, to Pilgrimage, then Strangers and Pilgrims in the Earth. View more context for this quotation 1713 R. Steele in Guardian 31 Mar. 2/1 The Mother assured him, that..[her daughter] was a Stranger to Man. 1729 W. Law Serious Call iii. 32 A stranger to watchings, fastings, prayers, and mortifications. 1785 J. Phillips Treat. Inland Navigation 28 Seamen are..preferred, for conducting the barges and boats, to people entirely strangers to the water. 1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) II. 262 They [sc. Polish cavalry] are strangers to all discipline. 1826 C. Lamb in New Monthly Mag. 16 263 It grew up without the lullaby of nurses; it was a stranger to the patient fondle. 1831 W. Scott Count Robert ii, in Tales of my Landlord 4th Ser. III. 26 This singular dialogue, in which he had assumed a tone to which his daughter was a stranger, and before which she trembled. 1833 T. Hook Parson's Daughter II. ii. 34 A report..that his Lordship was shortly to return to Dale Cottage, set the heart of the Parson's daughter into a sort of palpitation, to which..it had been a perfect stranger. 1836 C. Dickens Sketches by Boz 1st Ser. II. 36 The dirty floor had evidently been as long a stranger to the scrubbing brush as to carpet or floor-cloth. 1843 Fraser's Mag. 28 654 He was described as a stranger to dissipation. 1863 H. Fawcett Man. Polit. Econ. ii. v. 185 No man..would willingly change a business to which he has been accustomed..for one to which he would be a stranger. 10. In popular names of animals. a. Labrador. (See quot. 1792.) ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > freshwater birds > order Anseriformes (geese, etc.) > subfamily Merginae (duck) > [noun] > unspecified and miscellaneous types of Roan duck1763 wood-duck1777 Rouen1785 lady1792 stranger1792 Rouen duck1795 tree-duck1824 Labrador duck1834 hareld1841 whio1847 pink-eyed duck1848 penguin duck1850 topknot duck1850 Aylesbury1854 roan1854 pink-eye1861 Peking duck1874 runner1878 bluebill1884 Steller's (eider) (duck)1884 Peking1885 half-bird1893 torrent-duck1899 1792 G. Cartwright Jrnl. I. Gloss. p. xv Stranger, a water-fowl of the duck kind. b. Certain species of moths. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > Heterocera > [noun] > family Noctuidae > mamestra aliena (stranger) stranger1832 the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > Heterocera > [noun] > family Phycitidae > member of genus Phycita (knot-horn) > phycita advenella (stranger knot-horn) stranger1832 the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > Heterocera > [noun] > family Noctuidae > genus Hadena (shears) > hadena peregrina (stranger) stranger1869 1832 J. Rennie Conspectus Butterflies & Moths Brit. 70 The Stranger (Mamestra Aliena,..) appears in June. 1832 J. Rennie Conspectus Butterflies & Moths Brit. 214 The Stranger Knot-horn (Phycita advenella). 1869 E. Newman Illustr. Nat. Hist. Brit. Moths 415 The Stranger (Hadena peregrina). c. The Australasian fish, Odax richardsonii. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > suborder Labrioidei (wrasse) > [noun] > member of razor-fish1753 stranger1875 senorita-fish1882 1875 Spectator (Melbourne) 19 June 81/1 Common fish, such as..garfish, Strangers, Silvers, and others. 1891 Australasian (Melbourne) 15 Aug. 320 Melbourne markets. Salmon 5s. to 6s.; stranger 2s. to 4s. 1898 E. E. Morris Austral Eng. 422. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > part of poem > [noun] > stanza > other stanza (unidentified) stranger13.. 13.. R. Mannyng Chron. Wace (Rolls) 86 If it were made in ryme couwee, Or in strangere or enterlacé. 12. slang. A guinea. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > English coins > [noun] > guinea or twenty-one shillings goldfinch1602 piece1631 yellow boy1654 Guinea1666 broad gold1688 meg1688 broad1710 George's guinea1721 yellow1722 canary bird1785 stranger1785 yellow George1785 Geordie1786 spade-guinea1853 George guinea1880 1785 in F. Grose Classical Dict. Vulgar Tongue 13. a. That is a stranger (in senses 1 – 5). Often hyphenated. stranger-guest (cf. guest-friend n. at guest n. Compounds 2): invented by Pope as a rendering of Greek ξένος; used occasionally by other writers for a stranger ( 1a, 4a) who is received as a guest. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > separation or isolation > [noun] > one who is separated or isolated > stranger or outsider > an incomer or visitor strangerc1485 society > leisure > social event > hospitality > guest > [noun] guestOE host1390 strangerc1400 hostessa1425 gestenerc1480 stranger-guest1725 treatee1841 c1485 Digby Myst. i. 80 + 17 My lord,..ther were iij straunger kynges but late in your presence, that went to bedlem. a1525 (?1421) Coventry Leet Bk. (1907) I. 29 Allso we command that no maner of Straunger vitaler þat bryngithe See fische..to this cite for to sell, that he sell no maner of suche fische..till hit be ix of the cloke. 1543 in I. S. Leadam Select Cases Star Chamber (1911) II. 267 The Straunger seller and the Straunger byer do appoynt to mete at the said faire. 1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice i. iii. 117 You that did..foote me as you spurne a stranger curre Ouer your threshold, moneyes is your sute. View more context for this quotation 1609 W. Shakespeare Pericles vii. 64 Alas my Father, it befits not mee, Vnto a stranger Knight to be so bold. View more context for this quotation 1622 G. de Malynes Consuetudo 326 That no Corporation..shall let any house or dwelling place to any stranger Vsuror. a1649 W. Drummond Wks. (1711) 225 His [Ben Jonson's] Judgement of stranger Poets was, That he thought not Bartas a Poet, but a Verser... That Guarini [etc.]. a1653 H. Binning Common Princ. Christian Relig. in Wks. (1735) 31/2 Thus poor Stranger-Gentiles..come to share with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. 1687 A. Lovell tr. J. de Thévenot Trav. into Levant i. 248 Besides these are the Stranger Christians, Turks and Jews; the stranger Christians are either Franks or Greeks. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis viii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 439 He said; and downward hasting to the Strand, Embrac'd the Stranger Prince, and join'd his Hand. 1725 E. Fenton in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey I. i. 156 The stranger Guest the royal Youth beheld. 1725 E. Fenton in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey I. i. 515 That stranger-guest who late withdrew. 1725 A. Pope tr. Homer Odyssey II. vii. 223 Give the stranger-guest a stranger's due. 1726 A. Pope tr. Homer Odyssey IV. xv. 548 Who shall lend..protection to thy stranger-friend? 1767 R. Jago Edge-hill i. 237 To chear The Stranger-Guest. 1810 W. Scott Lady of Lake ii. 63 What think'st thou of our stranger guest? 1812 Ld. Byron Childe Harold: Cantos I & II i. xc. 56 How many a doubtful day shall sink in night, Ere..Freedom's stranger tree grow native of the soil. 1813 P. B. Shelley Queen Mab iv. 51 Ah! to the stranger-soul, when first it peeps From its new tenement..how stern..a tract is this wide world. 1825 C. Waterton Wanderings in S. Amer. iv. i. 287 I saluted him as one stranger gentleman ought to salute another when he wants a little information. 1859 Ld. Tennyson Enid in Idylls of King 16 Pardon me, O stranger knight. 1869 H. F. Tozer Res. Highlands of Turkey II. 287 Her enchantment is removed..by means of a stranger prince. b. Pertaining to a stranger or to strangers; also, situated abroad; foreign. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > separation or isolation > [adjective] > that is a stranger or outsider uncouthc893 outcomeeOE fremdc950 althedyOE foreigna1325 aliena1382 barbarous1542 barbarianc1550 stranger1593 extraneous1656 outside1826 barbaric1849 extern1866 offcomed1879 society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > a land or country > [adjective] > foreign (of country or place) or situated abroad althedyOE strange1297 foreigna1393 outward1427 extern1543 abroad1559 external1587 stranger1593 tramontane1596 oversea1645 transmontane1727 trans-oceanic1827 overseas1892 1593 J. Norden Speculum Brit.: Cornwall (1728) 98 Salt-ashe..hath anchorage and soylage of all straunger ships. 1594 W. Shakespeare Lucrece sig. B3v But she that neuer cop't with straunger eies, Could picke no meaning from their parling lookes. 1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II i. iii. 137 You cousin Hereford..Shall..treade the stranger paths of banishment. View more context for this quotation 1598 R. Barret Theorike & Pract. Mod. Warres iv. 119 The Spaniards will not permit any souldier of a straunger nation to beare office among them. 1598 J. Marston Certaine Satyres in Metamorph. Pigmalions Image 60 Raile..At all Translators that doe striue to bring That stranger language to our vulgar tongue. 1671 R. Montagu in Buccleuch MSS (Hist. MSS Comm.) (1899) I. 501 Commissions will..be given out for all the stranger troops that are to be raised. 1685 in F. P. Verney & M. M. Verney Mem. Verney Family 17th Cent. (1907) II. 402 [She begged him to burn her letters, that] no stranger eye may censure them hereafter. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iv, in tr. Virgil Wks. 137 O Sister! not with causeless Fear possest, No Stranger Voice disturbs thy tender Breast. View more context for this quotation 1810 J. Montgomery W. Indies ii. 215 Condemn'd..in stranger-isles to bear,..Through life's slow journey, to its dolorous close, Unseen, unwept, unutterable woes. 1812 Ld. Byron Childe Harold: Cantos I & II i. xiii. 14 Perchance my dog will whine in vain, Till fed by stranger hands. 1837 H. Hallam Introd. Lit. Europe I. iv. 374 The north of Italy still endured the warfare of stranger armies. 1880 J. Ruskin Bible of Amiens i. i. 2 And of these, the fruits of her hands,..she sent also portions to stranger nations. c. Not one's own (or its own); alien. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > non-possession > fact of not being possessed or owned > [adjective] > not one's own foreign?c1400 stranger1577 1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry ii. f. 75v Some delight to be set in trees, and not in the grounde: and when they haue no soyle of their owne, they liue in a stranger [L. cum suam sedem non habeant, in aliena viuunt]. 1642 H. More Ψυχωδια Platonica sig. H5v Long 'tis till water boild doth stranger heat controul. a1763 W. Shenstone Wks. Verse & Prose (1764) I. 13 Life is that stranger land, that alien clime. 1850 Ld. Tennyson In Memoriam c. 154 The roofs, that heard our earliest cry, Will shelter one of stranger race. View more context for this quotation Compounds C1. General attributive. stranger-tongued adj. ΚΠ 1824 J. Symmons tr. Æschylus Agamemnon 112 Bred in strange land, in city stranger-tongued. C2. stranger-born adj. of foreign birth (the first example is doubtful). ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > separation or isolation > [adjective] > that is a stranger or outsider > of a foreign nation or allegiance outborn1381 aliena1387 stranger-born1473 Outalian1668 alienigenate1855 expatriate1957 non-patrial1971 1473 Rolls of Parl. VI. 78/2 The which Michell Potter.., straunger born, not made nor beyng Denizein, late purchased. 1870 W. C. Bryant tr. Homer Iliad II. xvi. 687 The slain, though stranger-born, Had been a pillar of the realm of Troy. Derivatives ˈstrangerdom n. = strangership n. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > separation or isolation > [noun] > one who is separated or isolated > stranger or outsider > condition of Barbarya1300 alienness1655 strangership1824 strangerhood1857 strangerdom1867 expatriatism1970 1867 D. M. Mulock Fair France (1871) i. 6 The glorious independence of total strangerdom. ˈstrangerhood n. = strangership n. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > separation or isolation > [noun] > one who is separated or isolated > stranger or outsider > condition of Barbarya1300 alienness1655 strangership1824 strangerhood1857 strangerdom1867 expatriatism1970 1857 J. Hamilton Lessons from Great Biogr. 218 No stiffness, no mien of strangerhood, to the redeemed of other countries. 1890 H. M. Stanley In Darkest Afr. I. xi. 293 This began the exchange of friendly intercourse. Strangerhood was broken. stranger-like adj. ΚΠ 1869 R. Browning Ring & Bk. III. vii. 2 A pretty church,..Yet stranger-like,—while this Lorenzo seems My own particular place, I always say. ˈstrangership n. the condition or fact of being a stranger. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > separation or isolation > [noun] > one who is separated or isolated > stranger or outsider > condition of Barbarya1300 alienness1655 strangership1824 strangerhood1857 strangerdom1867 expatriatism1970 1824 L.-M. Hawkins Mem. I. 290 It was her care to put every body at ease; it was her delight to break the barrier of strangership. 1829 J. Bentham Justice & Codification Petitions iii. 188 In a case where..the party..is by strangership, relative indigence, or bad character, disabled from finding any security. 1853 T. De Quincey Autobiogr. Sketches in Select. Grave & Gay I. 223 His next care was—to withdraw me the stranger from any oppressive feeling of strangership. 1881 G. A. Macfarren Counterpoint (ed. 3) iii. 8 And the 7th note has an effect of strangership in any key. stranger-wise adv. as a stranger. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > separation or isolation > [adverb] > outside a body or community > as or like a stranger fremdlyc1400 stranger-wise1616 1616 G. Markham tr. C. Estienne et al. Maison Rustique (rev. ed.) i. i. 2 Either little, or very stranger-wise, acquainted with them. a1894 A. Webster Mother & Daughter (1895) 16 Child, I'd needs love thy beauty strangerwise. Draft additions December 2005 stranger danger n. (also with capital initials) [originally used as a catchphrase in various safety campaigns in the United States] originally U.S. the potential danger to children posed by strangers who may approach them, as something to which children should be alert. ΚΠ 1966 Washington Post 11 Jan. c8/2 Word your stranger-danger warning so it includes not only men but also women and teenagers. 1985 Los Angeles Times 31 Mar. i. 32/1 Kids are always taught to look out for the stranger danger, but they are not told about defending themselves against people they know. 2003 M. Haddon Curious Incident of Dog in Night-time 137 When they talked to us about Stranger Danger at school they say that if a man comes up to you..and you feel frightened you should call out and find a lady to run to. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1917; most recently modified version published online June 2022). strangerv.ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > hatred > quarrel or falling out > quarrel or fall at variance with [verb (transitive)] alienc1350 strange1460 estrangea1513 alienate1531 avert1532 stranger1608 to set off1633 disaffect1641 disoblige1647 unfriend1659 rupture1815 split1835 society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > separation or isolation > separate or isolate [verb (transitive)] shedOE depart1297 externec1420 deforce1430 sequesterc1430 enstrange1483 estrange1523 separate1526 alienate1534 segregate1542 foreign1598 excommunicate1602 stranger1608 dissociate1623 discorporate1695 disincorporate1701 atomize1895 twine1895 ghetto1936 1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear i. 194 Will you with those infirmities she owes,..couered with our curse, and stranger'd with our oth, Take her or leaue her. View more context for this quotation 2. To make strange. ΘΚΠ the world > time > change > change [verb (transitive)] wharvec897 wendOE i-wendeOE awendOE aturn?c1225 biwrixle?c1225 changec1225 turnc1225 shifta1325 vary1340 inchangea1382 strange1390 altera1398 alterate?a1425 permute?a1425 difference1481 renewc1515 alienate1534 wrixlec1540 to chop and change1557 variate1566 palter1587 permutate1598 immute1613 unmake1616 unsame1632 chop1644 veer1647 variegatea1690 refract1700 mutabilatea1704 commute1825 stranger1863 switch1919 1863 ‘W. Lancaster’ Praeterita 70 Homeless home is strangered with a shade, That moves us weeping from familiar doors. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1917; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.13..v.1608 |
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