单词 | senior |
释义 | senioradj.n. A. adj. 1. a. Older, elder; esp. used after a person's name to denote the elder of two bearing the same name in a family; also (after a simple surname) the elder of two boys of the same surname in a school, etc. Abbreviated sen. adj. (U.S. Sr. n.2 2). ΘΚΠ the world > people > person > senior person > [adjective] morelOE senior?a1475 sen.1676 senr.1763 primus1765 ma1791 majorc1823 maximus1848 the world > people > person > senior person > [adjective] > in family senior?a1475 Sr.1936 ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1869) II. 103 Kynge Edwarde the senior. 1496 Rolls of Parl. VI. 518/1 Johannes Robynson de Boston Sen'. 1577 T. Kendall tr. Politianus et al. Flowers of Epigrammes f. 6 Widowes old, and senior chuffs. a1640 T. Risdon Chorogr. Surv. Devon (1811) (modernized text) §311 321 Edward, sirnamed Senior, a nurse-father of the church. 1668 R. Steele Husbandmans Calling (1672) vi. 138 The grass sprung lately of the ground, and so did he, only he is the senior grass. 1825 T. Hook Sayings & Doings 2nd Ser. I. 201 The senior four children re-appeared in the drawing-room. 1893 C. G. Leland Memoirs I. 21 An infant school..kept by the Misses Donaldson... Miss Donaldson, senior, sat at a desk [etc.]. ΘΚΠ the world > time > relative time > the past > antecedence or being earlier > [adjective] ererc888 fernOE oldOE oldOE formerc1160 ratherc1330 before-goingc1384 formerc1384 forenexta1400 formea1400 while1399 antecedentc1400 precedentc1400 anteceding?a1425 late1446 whilom1452 preceding?a1475 forne1485 fore1490 heretofore1491 foregoing1530 toforegoing1532 further1557 firster1571 then1584 elder1594 quondam1598 forehand1600 previant1601 preallable1603 prior1607 anterior1608 previal1613 once1620 previous1621 predecessivea1627 antecedaneous?1631 preventive1641 prior1641 precedaneous1645 preventional1649 antegredient1652 senior1655 prevenient1656 precedential1661 antecedental1763 past-gone1784 antevenient1800 aforetime1835 one-time1850 onewhile1882 foretime1894 erstwhile1903 antecedane- ere- 1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. ii. 84 Plain-song is much seniour to all Descanting. 1699 R. Bentley Diss. Epist. Phalaris (new ed.) 362 He must be Senior to Zaleucus himself. c. senior citizen, a term for an elderly person, esp. one who is past the age of retirement. Originally U.S.Frequently used in official communications and by the media as a euphemism for ‘old-age pensioner’. ΘΚΠ the world > people > person > old person > [noun] oldeOE morea1382 olderc1450 ancient1502 mouldy chopsa1640 antediluvian1648 prediluvian1690 emerit1710 pelt1757 old fogey1793 antique1801 relic1832 old head1838 oldster1846 elderling1863 the Ancient of Days1935 senior citizen1938 OAP1942 golden ager1948 coffin dodger1954 wrinkly1972 crumbly1976 geriatric1977 1938 Time 24 Oct. 12/2 Mr. Downey had an inspiration to do something on behalf of what he calls, for campaign purposes, ‘our senior citizens’. 1956 School & Society (U.S.) 12 May 169 As a basis for their education, it [sc. pragmatism] is good for the young, the middle-aged, and our senior citizens. 1962 British Advent Messenger 28 Sept. 30/2 Owing to the extensive alterations to be done it was October 27, 1958, before we could welcome any of those dear senior citizens who were so anxiously waiting to enter the Home. 1966 T. Pynchon Crying of Lot 49 iv. 90 Vesperhaven House, a home for senior citizens that Inverarity had put up. 1969 Listener 23 Jan. 101/2 More organised resistance came from the ‘senior citizen’—or ‘old age pensioners’—lobby. 1974 H. MacInnes Climb to Lost World iv. 56 We staggered up the bank to the village like senior citizens en route to the post office to collect their pensions. 1977 B. Pym Quartet in Autumn xxi. 192 She is a retired person, a senior citizen, you might say. 2. a. That ranks before others in virtue of longer service or tenure of a position; superior to others in standing. the senior service: the navy as distinguished from the army. ΘΚΠ society > authority > office > holder of office > [adjective] > superior greata1382 higha1400 seniora1513 superordinate1615 high-ranking1850 society > armed hostility > hostilities at sea > navy > [noun] > the British navy the king's (also queen's) navya1382 Royal Navy1583 the navy royal1601 the fleet1712 RN?1791 the senior service1899 silent service1904 a1513 H. Bradshaw Lyfe St. Werburge (1521) i. xx. sig. g.vi Bycause that Werburge, in order was senyoure Her mother Ermenylde, gaue her the sufferaynte. 1811 Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1837) VII. 245 You are aware that he is senior to Marshal Beresford. 1886 C. E. Pascoe London of To-day (ed. 3) xxiv. 225 The Inner and Middle Temple..are the two senior Inns. 1899 Hope Huntly Our Code of Honour xxii ‘It was my heart's desire in boyhood to enter the senior service’. ‘Then why did you not?’ ‘Oh, I yielded to my mother; she was keen on the army.’ 1911 London Mag. Oct. 264 The Admiral turned round... ‘The Army’, he said gaily, ‘comes to the rescue of the senior Service’. b. In school and college use. (a) Applied to a pupil or student who has been longer under tuition than another (const. to). (b) Applied to a student who is no longer a freshman; in the U.S. to a student in his last year or term. (c) In certain universities, used in designations connoting a specific standing, as senior sophister n. Also Senior Fellow, a term applied at Cambridge and Dublin to a select number of the fellows of longest standing in a college, in whom the whole or the greater part of its government was formerly vested; at Oxford in the 18th cent. sometimes applied to those fellows who had graduated, as distinguished from the undergraduate fellows. senior student (Christ Church, Oxford): see student n.1 ΘΚΠ society > education > educational administration > university administration > [noun] > governing body > member(s) of fellow1584 curator1612 overseer1643 senior1645 Senior Fellow1651 regent1790 society > education > learning > learner > [adjective] > senior pupil or student seniorc1790 1651 G. Langbaine Foundation Univ. Oxf. 4 Merton Colledge..twelve Schollers, whereof nine should serve the nine seniour Fellows. 1651 Langbaine Found. Univ. Cambr. 9 Kings Colledge... In which Colledge at this present is a Provost, 70 Fellows and Scholars,..besides 12 servitors to the seniour Fellows, 6 poor Scholars, with other Students. 1699 G. Farquhar Love & Bottle iii. ii. 36 Your Father was a Senior-Fellow, and your Mother was an Air-pump. 1721 N. Amhurst Terræ-filius (1726) xl. 212 He would give his vote, that every senior-fellow in the college should have a living tack'd to his fellowship. 1744 T. Birch Life R. Boyle 69 Mr. Tallents..became senior fellow and president or vice-master of his college [Magdalene, Cambridge]. c1790 B. Martyn & A. Kippis Life 1st Earl Shaftesbury (1836) I. 42 On a particular day, the senior under-graduates, in the evening, called the fresh-men to the fire, and made them hold out their chins. 1877 in Worthington's Pract. Physics (1881) Introd. 1 I should be inclined to discontinue Physical Laboratory work in schools, except in the case of senior boys. c. In quasi-superlative sense, applied to the officer, student, etc. who is highest in seniority among those of his own grade. ΘΚΠ society > authority > office > holder of office > [adjective] > superior > chief chiefc1330 senior1847 1847 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair (1848) xxx. 264 The stout senior Major, who led the regiment into action. 1863 ‘Ouida’ Held in Bondage I. i. 4 The senior pupil was standing with his back to the fire. d. In commercial use, applied to the partner in a firm who (whether on account of length of standing or for other reasons) has precedence of the rest in the formal enumeration of the members. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > non-manual worker > businessman > [adjective] > type of partner senior1864 1864 R. B. Kimball Was he Successful? 209 Mr. Tenant..was..the senior member of the house of Allwise, Tenant & Co. e. Stock Market. Applied to securities the owners of which have first claim to be repaid by the issuing company. Cf. junior stock n. at junior adj. and n. Special uses. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > stocks and shares > stocks, shares, or bonds > [adjective] > types of securities unissued1703 preferable1837 ordinary1866 pre-preference1867 gilt-edge1880 gilt-edged1881 unlisted1882 voting1883 assented1907 voteless1908 senior1914 well-traded1936 medium-dated1943 off-board1943 go-go1966 unquoted1969 alpha1984 gamma1986 1914 H. Halford Dict. Stock Market Terms (ed. 2) 79 Senior stocks. Debentures and Preference Stocks carrying a fixed rate of interest and ranking for dividend in priority to the Ordinary and Deferred Stocks. 1925 H. Parkinson ABC of Stocks & Shares 63 Among the ‘senior’ securities of the large railway companies the investor may roam at will. 1939 Mead & Grodinsky Ebb & Flow of Investment Values i. 5 Granted these formal requirements in ratios, priorities, and margins of safety, the senior securities of certain industries secured by certain forms of property,..are recommended. 1964 P. Wyckoff Dict. Stock Market Terms 238 Senior Securities. Bonds and preferred stock which receive prior consideration when a corporation fails or is being dissolved. 3. In certain Cambridge University terms, used to connote a pre-eminence in rank having no relation to length of standing. senior wrangler n. the head of the ‘wranglers’, i.e. of the first class of those who are successful in the Mathematical Tripos at Cambridge. senior-wranglership n. senior classic n. the student who takes the first place in the Classical Sciences Tripos. senior moralist n. the student who takes the first place in the Moral Sciences Tripos. (In consequence of the reforms of 1906–9, the status indicated by these titles has ceased to exist, the class-lists being now arranged not in order of merit but alphabetically). senior optime n. one who is placed in the second class in the Mathematical Tripos. (See optime n.) ΘΚΠ society > education > educational administration > examination > [noun] > candidates > who passes > passing at university > placed in tripos optime1658 wrangler1750 opt1755 optimate1792 wooden spoon1803 spoon1824 op1828 senior wrangler1831 wedge1852 senior classic1859 society > education > educational administration > examination > [noun] > candidates > who passes > passing at university > placed in tripos > position of wranglership1791 wooden spoon1803 senior-wranglership1878 1831 C. C. F. Greville Mem. 2 Jan. (1874) II. 101 Maule was senior wrangler and senior medallist at Cambridge, and is a lawyer. 1859 F. W. Farrar Julian Home v. 60 Of course you intend to be senior classic, or senior wrangler? 1862 C. S. Calverley Verses & Transl. (1894) 44 Each perambulating infant Had a magic in its squall, For my eager eye detected Senior Wranglers in them all. 1878 Latham in Encycl. Brit. VIII. 778 The éclat attaching to the ‘tripos list’ and the senior wranglership. 4. Of institutions, associations, etc. reserved for the senior members of a body, as senior common-room, senior mess, etc. ΘΚΠ society > education > place of education > educational buildings > [noun] > college or university buildings > common rooms common chamber1668 combination-room1675 common room1683 senior common-room1774 J.C.R.1892 middle common room1958 common area1996 1774 J. Woodforde Diary 14 Jan. (1924) I. 122 We all went into the Senr Common Room. 1959 M. Bradbury Eating People is Wrong i. 28 As Treece was leaving the Senior Common Room..the Vice-Chancellor appeared in the doorway. 1981 E. North Dames iii. 41 They were in the Senior Common Room standing by the first school photograph. B. n. An elder person. literal and figurative. 1. a. One superior or worthy of deference and reverence by reason of age; one having pre-eminence in dignity by priority of election, appointment, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > people > person > senior person > [noun] elderc1175 seniorc1380 elder mana1387 older1484 ancient1548 dad?1576 doyen1670 dean1687 daddy1877 key man1895 doyenne1905 society > authority > office > holder of office > [noun] > senior ealdormanOE seniorc1380 elder1382 seneka1400 ancient1534 c1380 J. Wyclif Wks. (1880) 303 Non drede siche seniours ben fendis þat speken lying in ypocrisie. c1440 York Myst. xli. 78 Symeon, that senyour. 1482 Monk of Evesham 31 When the bretheren had begunne matens y mette with a senyor that ye knowe wele in the chirche porch. a1513 H. Bradshaw Lyfe St. Werburge (1521) i. xi. sig. d.iiiv Folowynge the counseyll, and mynde of a senyor. 1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 360 The diuine senior Hippocrates. 1725 A. Pope tr. Homer Odyssey I. iii. 23 Meet then the Senior, far renown'd for sense, With rev'rent awe, but decent confidence. 1823 W. Scott Quentin Durward II. vi. 137 His conversation, tricks, and songs, were..entertaining to the..younger brethren, and so unedifying in the opinion of the seniors of the fraternity, that [etc.]. 1905 W. Tuckwell Reminisc. Radical Parson xii. 159 Its castellan was a dignified, sweet-visaged senior. b. With possessive. ΚΠ c1425 Bk. Found. St. Bartholomew's (1923) 17 In the begynnynge of this areysed frame oure senyoures tellid vs that one a day at evensong tyme whan derkenys drew vpon ther was seyn a light from heuyn. 1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost i. ii. 10 Boy. By a familier demonstration of the working, my tough signeor. Arma. Why tough signeor? Why tough signeor [1623 signeur] ? View more context for this quotation 1678 R. Cudworth tr. Herodotus in True Intellect. Syst. Universe i. iv. 211 Hesiod and Homer, were..not above four hundred years my Seniors [Gk. μευ πρεσβυτέρους]. 1782 F. Burney Cecilia I. i. i. 10 Though much her senior, he was by no means of an age to render his addressing her an impropriety. 1829 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian viii, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. II. 128 His senior at the bar. 1862 F. W. Robinson Owen iv. vi She was a year or two my senior. ΘΚΠ society > faith > church government > laity > lay functionaries > elder > [noun] priestOE senior1382 presbyter1528 lay elder1593 ruling elder1593 presbyter-bishop1654 lay presbyter1656 1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Rev. vii. 11 And alle aungels stoden in cumpas of the trone and of [the] senyouris or eldre. c1440 Alphabet of Tales 233/26 Þan prayed for þis childe þe xxiiij seniores; and so þis childe was forgyffen his tryspas. 1526 Bible (Tyndale) Matt. xxvi. f. xxxixv The chefe prestes, and the seniours, and all the counsell, sought false witnes ageinste Iesus. 1564 Briefe Exam. *****iij Whence were Seniours in the primitiue Churche? 1572 J. Field & T. Wilcox Admon. to Parl. sig. B And to these three ioyntly, that is, the Ministers, Seniors, and Deacons, is yt whole regiment of the church to be committed. 1582 Bible (Rheims) Rev. iv. 4 Upon the thrones foure and twentie seniors sitting. 3. a. In school and college use: One of the more advanced students; also one no longer a freshman. In U.S. a student in his fourth year. ΘΚΠ society > education > learning > learner > [noun] > senior pupil or student senior1612 1612 J. Brinsley Ludus Lit. xxvi. 272 That the two or fowre Seniors in each fourme, be as Vshers in that fourme. 1741 Customs of Harvard in B. H. Hall Coll. College Words (1851) 318 No Freshman shall be saucy to his Senior. 1836 O. W. Holmes Song Centenn. Celebr. Harvard 39 Lord! how the seniors knocked about The freshman class of one. 1888 J. Bryce Amer. Commonw. III. cii. 453 In an American college the students..of the fourth year [are called] seniors. b. A senior fellow of a college; a member of a council or deliberative assembly for managing the internal affairs of a college. Cf. seniority n. 3. ΘΚΠ society > education > educational administration > university administration > [noun] > governing body > member(s) of fellow1584 curator1612 overseer1643 senior1645 Senior Fellow1651 regent1790 1645 Ordin. Parl. Regul. Univ. Cambr. 3 The Government of Trinity Colledge is setled in the Master and eight Seniors. 1648 T. Winyard Midsummer-moone 3 Doctors and Seniors are too tough for continuall cramming, he must have Batchellers of art [etc.]. 1717 E. Miller Acct. Univ. Cambr. 109 The 11th and 12th Statutes [Trin. Coll.] concern the Election of Officers, Lecturers, Seniors, College Preachers, and Fellows; and appoints first, That the Master read this Statute before the eight Seniors; then he and the Seniors are to take an Oath, That they will elect no-body to any Office by Favour, &c. but him only whom [etc.] 4. With the. The familiar name of the United Service and Royal Aero Club. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > an association, society, or organization > specific societies or organizations > [noun] > other specific associations or organizations Tityre-tu1623 Peep o' Day Boys1780 law society1821 kongsi1839 B'nai B'rith1862 Molly Maguire1867 Kennel Club1874 Ethical Society1877 Kyrle Society1877 Molly1877 Sierra Club1891 subak1897 Workers' Educational Association1905 senior1906 W.E.A.1910 Lions Club1922 godless1927 F.P.A.a1940 Diners' Club1950 amnesty1961 Sealed Knot1971 Greenpeace1972 lions1972 Gaysoc1976 Group of Eight1977 Group of Seven1977 meeja1983 G71986 G81988 1906 G. W. E. Russell Social Silhouettes xxviii. 195 If he is an old soldier, he is eligible for ‘The Senior’, and may make free with the Duke of Wellington's dry sherry and Dugald Stewart's still drier library. 1974 Financial Times 29 June 15/3 Commander James Allen, secretary of the United Services and Royal Aero (which is widely known in club circles as the Senior), [etc.]. 1974 R. McDouall Clubland Cooking 11 Going west from Trafalgar Square we come first to the United Service Club, known as ‘The Senior’, because it was for senior officers of the Army and Navy. 1975 Sunday Times 25 May 24/1 The closure of the Senior will shake all the generals and admirals who have taken it for granted since 1815. Compounds C1. Compounds of the adjective. senior class n. U.S. a class in college or high school made up of students in their fourth year of academic study. ΚΠ 1766 T. Clap Ann. Yale-Coll. 14 The Senior Class were removed to Milford. 1837 Stat. Harvard Univ. 11 The third vacation for the Senior Class shall begin one day before the general vacation. 1900 C. W. Winchester Victories of Wesley Castle 25 Wesley and Chester went to the city of Dorchester on some business for the senior class. 1980 Redbook Oct. 231/2 I couldn't go on the senior-class trip to Washington. senior college n. U.S. a college in which the last two years' work for the bachelor's degree is done. ΚΠ 1899 Univ. of Chicago Reg. 1898–9 37/1 The Faculties of the Schools of Arts, Literature, and Science have been organized as follows:..(2) The Faculty of the Senior Colleges [etc.]. 1942 Bull. Vanderbilt Univ. 15 May 69 The College is divided, for certain purposes, into the Junior College and the Senior College. 1977 Information Please Almanac for 1978 826 (heading) Accredited U.S. Senior Colleges and Universities. senior high n. (also senior high school) North American a secondary school comprising the three (or four) upper high school grades (cf. junior high n. at junior adj. and n. Special uses (school)). ΘΚΠ society > education > place of education > school > [noun] > secondary school high schoolc1417 academyc1550 real school1765 central school1794 secondary school1809 real scholar1822 lyceum1827 Realschule1833 gymnasium1834 continuation-school1837 college1841 lycée1865 middle school1870 high1871 senior school1871 senior high1909 secondary modern school1943 comprehensive1947 secondary1962 community college1967 multilateral1967 sec-mod1968 1909 Ann. Rep. Bd. Educ. (Columbus, Ohio) 29 You have established a Junior High School..leaving the tenth, eleventh and twelfth grades for the Senior High Schools. 1949 Los Angeles Times 23 June ii. 5/1 Then they enter senior high school, and become ‘juniors’ and then seniors. 1955 W. G. Hardy Alberta Golden Jubilee Anthol. 174 In Senior High, the new Composite School is changing the educational picture again; large school plants are being designed for the teaching of technical, commercial and academic subjects. 1974 Encycl. Brit. Macropædia VI. 422/1 The elementary-secondary sequence overall is 12 years in length.., but the subdivisions of these years are various:..six-three-three (elementary school, junior high school, and senior high school), [etc.]. senior school n. a school, or part of a school, for older children. ΘΚΠ society > education > place of education > school > [noun] > secondary school high schoolc1417 academyc1550 real school1765 central school1794 secondary school1809 real scholar1822 lyceum1827 Realschule1833 gymnasium1834 continuation-school1837 college1841 lycée1865 middle school1870 high1871 senior school1871 senior high1909 secondary modern school1943 comprehensive1947 secondary1962 community college1967 multilateral1967 sec-mod1968 1871 Minutes of School Board for London I. 156 Public elementary day schools are conveniently classified into infant schools, for children below seven years of age; junior schools, for children between seven and ten years of age; and senior schools, for older children. 1930 Times 26 Mar. 12/1 The first step in reorganization is to group all the senior children from 11 upwards in separate senior schools or departments or ‘senior tops’. 1931 Educ. Outlook 8 183/1 The organisation of curricula in the new senior school. 1963 H. C. Barnard & J. A. Lauwerys Handbk. Brit. Educ. Terms 175 Senior School, (1) An obsolete term used to describe the free non-selective post-primary schools (age~group 11–14) established under the pre-1944 elementary code. They provided a course of general studies with some vocational bias... (2) A term sometimes used to describe the top classes/forms of a grammar or public school. 1963 Punch 27 Feb. 302/2 A girl going into the senior school [at Roedean]..could wear her djibbah until she left at eighteen. senior year n. U.S. the fourth and last year of a high school or college course. ΚΠ 1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) I. 420 The undergraduates are not permitted to attend them [sc. medical lectures] till their senior year. 1924 S. S. Colvin Introd. High School Teaching 12 A number of high schools offer in their senior year a vocational course. C2. Compounds of the noun. ΘΚΠ the world > people > person > person young and old > [noun] senior-junior1598 1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost iii. i. 175 This signior Iunios gyant dwarffe, dan Cupid. Draft additions September 2013 senior management n. the highest level of management in an organization, immediately below the director or board of directors; the managers at this level viewed collectively; cf. middle management n. at middle adj. and n. Compounds 1a. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to status > [noun] > manager > collectively management1740 house1776 senior management1882 1882 Graphic 4 Mar. 207/1 Mr. Bancroft sat on the right of his illustrious host [sc. the Prince of Wales] by virtue of the fact that he now represents the senior management in London. 1923 N.Y. Times 6 Mar. 4/1 (advt.) Retirement of senior management offers unusual opportunity to acquire substantial interest. 1988 D. Lodge Nice Work i. iii. 54 Each Faculty should nominate a member of staff to ‘shadow’ some person employed at senior management level in local manufacturing industry. 2012 E. D. Hess & J. Liedtka Physics of Business Growth v. 81 Ideas that should have been killed were..funded for years..because of the reluctance of senior management to admit failure. Draft additions December 2005 senior moment n. colloquial humorous an instance or short period of forgetfulness or confusion, such as might be experienced by an elderly person. ΚΠ 1996 Re: probably Most Stupid Question to ask in this Group in rec.food.cooking (Usenet newsgroup) 3 May Please ignore this person. He is obviously suffering from a senior moment. 2003 Yours Oct. 5/1 Have you had one recently? A senior moment that is? Where you've heard yourself saying or doing something silly, absent-minded or unaccountable. Draft additions September 2007 senior kindergarten n. North American Education (now chiefly Canadian) an advanced level of kindergarten, now usually the second of two kindergarten grades (cf. junior kindergarten n. at junior adj. and n. Additions). ΚΠ 1901 Daily News (Naugatuck, Connecticut) 26 Feb. In the New Britain school there are 78 graduates,..15 in the senior kindergarten class. 1945 Winnipeg Free Press 5 July 8/2 Those attending..will be taught junior and senior kindergarten methods. 2002 Today's Parent (Electronic ed.) July 82 The balance started shifting the summer after senior kindergarten, when Ty panicked about advancing to grade-one school work. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < |
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