| 释义 |
havelessadj.n. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: English hæfen , -less suffix; have v., -less suffix. Etymology: Originally (i) < Old English hæfen the action or fact of having something, possession, property ( < hæf- , present stem of habban have v. + -en suffix2) + -less suffix; with the first element compare Old Icelandic hǫfn , in the same sense. In later use (ii) < have v. + -less suffix. With sense 1 compare Middle Dutch haveloos (Dutch haveloos, now in sense ‘shabby’), Old High German habalōs (German habelōs, German hablos).Early instances of the β. forms show either simplification of the consonant cluster or remodelling after have v. Compare parallel forms of the Old English derivative noun hæfenlēast want, poverty (compare -t suffix3 2), attested in late Old English and early Middle English respectively as hauelest , haueleste . The form 'haveless in sense 3 suggests that in this sense the first element was sometimes interpreted as a shortening of behave v. N.E.D. (1898) interpreted the following quot. as an instance of this word, but Eng. Dial. Dict. (at Avenless) also records a variant evenless and interprets it as a derivative of even n.3:1879 G. F. Jackson Shropshire Word-bk. Avenless, shiftless, without any faculty for contriving. the mind > possession > poverty > [adjective] > poor α. OE Ælfric (Cambr. Gg.3.28) xi. 103 Sum hafenleas mann sceolde agyldan healf pund anum menn. OE tr. Chrodegang of Metz (Corpus Cambr. 191) iv. 179 Se ðe mynstres gestreon hæbbe, do þæt gemæne eallum hæfenleasum mannum [L. cum omnibus nihil habentibus]. a1200 (?OE) MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris (1873) 2nd Ser. 157 Me hit shal giuen hauenlese men. c1450 (?a1400) (Ashm.) l. 1864 Oft þe hauenlest here is houen to þe sternes. 1804 R. Couper I. 116 Nae heauveless, thread-bare, fashion'd cant Oppresses or deceives. 1826 D. Anderson 106 I left the hinds and hizzies a' At haveless hame-o'er clatter. 1893 G. MacDonald 12 Liltin' a haveless sang, Nannie—I wad kiss yer verra shune. 2010 (Electronic text) No. 13 The haiveless rame o shore an tid. 2014 A. Matheson in 85 113 An then he faws in luve, makin aw the haveless declarations an aiths a callant cud mak in leamin lyrical leid. the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > [adjective] 1856 P. Thompson 709 Haveless, ‘a haveless boy’; rude, behaviourless. 1866 J. E. Brogden Haveless, rude, impudent. Ex. She is a haveless bessy. 1877 E. Peacock 'Haveless, having ill-manners... ‘She's as 'haveless a bairn ivver I seed.’ 1995 J. M. Sims-Kimbrey 138/1 Haveless, rude; impudent, ill-mannered. the world > action or operation > adversity > [adjective] > miserable or wretched the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > dirty person > [adjective] 1868 G. MacDonald II. 83 Dinna ye think I'm the haveless crater I used to be. 1871 W. Alexander xix. 146 Eh, he's a haiveless man. 1877 E. Peacock 'Haveless, wasteful, incompetent... ‘A 'haveless chap that's rund thriff three fotuns.’ 1880 (new ed.) Haivless, slovenly. Banffs. 1939 J. M. Caie 37 Sic an idle, drunken, thievin', Feckless, haveless rin-the-wuddy. 2007 Comments in www.scotland.gov.uk 31 Aug. (O.E.D. Archive) Wha wes the glaikit, haiveless, tuim-heidit wiffer-waffer that pit out the ‘National Conversation’ offerin translations o aw kin-kynd but no ane in the Mither Tung? This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022). <  adj.n.OE |
