havenn.

Brit.

/ˈheɪvn/, U.S.

/ˈheɪv(ə)n/

Forms: Old English hæuen, late Old English hæfen, late Old English hæfene, early Middle English auene (perhaps transmission error), early Middle English hæuene, early Middle English hafene, early Middle English hafune, Middle English hafen, Middle English hafne, Middle English haue, Middle English hauene, Middle English hauyne, Middle English havayn, Middle English havene, Middle English hawyn, Middle English heuene, Middle English–1500s hauyn, Middle English–1500s havyn, Middle English–1600s hauen, Middle English–1600s havon, Middle English– haven, 1500s hauin, 1500s–1600s hauon, 1500s–1600s heaven; Scottish pre-1700 haevin, pre-1700 hafin, pre-1700 haiuin, pre-1700 haivin, pre-1700 hauin, pre-1700 havein, pre-1700 haveing, pre-1700 havin, pre-1700 havine, pre-1700 havyn, pre-1700 hawen, pre-1700 hawin, pre-1700 hawine, pre-1700 hawyn, pre-1700 hawyne, pre-1700 heaven, pre-1700 heavin, pre-1700 heavine, pre-1700 heavyn, pre-1700 heaweine, pre-1700 heawin, pre-1700 heivin, pre-1700 heuin, pre-1700 hevin, pre-1700 hevyn, pre-1700 hewin, pre-1700 hewyn, pre-1700 1700s– haven. N.E.D. (1898) also records forms Middle English heven, 1500s heiven (Scottish).

Origin: Either (i) a borrowing from early Scandinavian. Or (ii) a word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Either (i) < early Scandinavian (compare Old Icelandic hǫfn , etc.: see below) or (ii) cognate with Middle Dutch haven (Dutch haven ), Middle Low German hāvene (German regional (Low German) haven ), Middle High German habene (German Hafen ; the current form perhaps shows Low German influence), Old Icelandic hafn- , hǫfn , Old Swedish hamn (Swedish hamn ), Old Danish hafn (Danish havn ), probably < the same Indo-European base as Early Irish cúan seaport, port, bay, perhaps ultimately < the same Indo-European base as heave v. (It is uncertain whether there is any etymological connection with the Germanic base of Old English hæf , Old Icelandic haf sea, ocean: see haaf n.). Compare also Anglo-Norman hafne, Anglo-Norman and Old French havene, havre, etc., seaport (early 12th cent.), place of refuge (late 12th cent.; Middle French, French havre), probably originally < Old Dutch, but in some Anglo-Norman forms also influenced by Middle English.In Old English apparently both a strong feminine (hæfen ) and a weak feminine (hæfene ). The word is not attested before the late 11th cent. (earliest in accounts which ostensibly record Cnut's grant of the harbour at Sandwich to Christ Church, Canterbury in 1023, but which are of later composition), and is frequently taken to be a borrowing from early Scandinavian into Old English (compare earlier hithe n., port n.¹), although this has been disputed. However, beside the late attestation in Old English, the rarity in Middle English of forms such as heuene even in regional varieties in the south-east and in the west midlands (which otherwise show raising of Old English æ to e ) makes some degree of Scandinavian influence likely. For further discussion see S. M. Pons-Sanz Lexical Effects Anglo-Scand. Ling. Contact on Old Eng. (2013) 443–5, R. Dance Words Derived from Old Norse in Early Middle Eng. (2003) 359. As a place-name element, the word occurs earliest in Qwithofhavene , Cumberland (c1135, now Whitehaven), which reflects an early Scandinavian name; however, it is also found in a southern settlement name within the same century: Kihavene , Hampshire (c1170, now Keyhaven); compare note at sense 1. In the Middle English form haue with loss of final -n ; compare also Older Scots haueing at havening n. Forms.

1. A sheltered body of water along a coast or shore where ships or boats can moor or anchor, esp. during stormy weather; a harbour, a port. Also: a town or place possessing a harbour or port.Frequently in place names, as Whitehaven, Stonehaven, New Haven, etc.See also port haven n. at port n.¹ Compounds 2, sea-haven n. at sea n. Compounds 1a.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > berthing, mooring, or anchoring > harbour or port > [noun]

hithec725

havenOE

port1340

stationa1382

harbourc1405

haveningc1425

piera1552

harbourage1850

OE Royal Charter: Cnut to Christ Church, Canterbury (Sawyer 959) in N. P. Brooks & S. E. Kelly Charters of Christ Church Canterbury, Pt. 2 (2013) 1094 Ic ann þam ilikan menstre..ða hæuene [L. portum] on Sandwic & ealle ða lændinge & þa gehrihte of ðam ilkan wætere.

lOE St. Nicholas (Corpus Cambr.) (1997) 90 Þær wære gecumene wel manega scipes up æt þære hæfene þe is gecleopod Adriaticum [L. Hadriatici portus].

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 3696 Þat hauen [c1300 Otho hauene] of Douere he hauede inumen.

c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 2838 (MED) Hii wolleþ tomorwe ariue at te hauene [a1400 Trin. Cambr. hafne, c1425 Harl. haue] of toteneys.

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 182 (MED) Nyxt þe hauene spilþ ofte þet ssip þet geþ zikerliche ine þe heȝe ze.

1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) vii. l. 1068 A hundreth schippys..in hawyn was lyand thar.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Psalms cvi[i]. 30 So he bryngeth them vnto the hauen where they wolde be [1611 King James vnto their desired hauen].

1552 Abp. J. Hamilton Catech. i. i. f. 5 Ane skyppar can nocht gyde his schip to gud heuin w^tout direction of his Compas.

1624 Acts 21 James I (new ed.) c. 3. sig. C The selling, carrying lading..venting, or trading of or for any Sea-coles, Stone-coales or Pit coales, foorth or out of the Hauen and Riuer of Tyne.

1665 J. Yonge Jrnl. (1963) (modernized text) 76 [Messina is] encompassed with high hills and made a haven by a hook of sand strangely lying before it.

1703 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion II. vii. 258 Weymouth, a very convenient Harbour and Haven.

1774 O. Goldsmith Grecian Hist. I. vii. 223 A strong haven, with walls reaching unto the city.

1819 J. Lingard Hist. Eng. II. xii. 36 A long continuance of stormy weather confined him a prisoner in the haven of Barfleur.

1844 Ld. Brougham Brit. Constit. ii. 21 Goods imported and exported at the havens of the realm.

1935 Ann. Brit. School Athens 1932–3 33 10 No wind with west in it could well be characterised as favourable for a run to Pylos from any of the havens in Leucas.

2001 S. O. Busch Medieval Mediterranean Ports ii. 35 Its natural configuration consists of a square inlet, forming a haven of 40 hectares.

2. literal and figurative. A place of shelter, protection, safety, or retreat; a refuge, a sanctuary. Also as a mass noun: refuge, shelter. (Now the usual sense.)Before the 20th cent. frequently as part of an extended metaphor, with reference to sense 1.safe haven, tax haven, etc.: see the first element.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > refuge or shelter > [noun] > a place of refuge

havenc1225

infleeinga1300

leinda1300

harbourc1300

reseta1325

harbouryc1325

refutec1350

asylec1384

receipta1393

refugec1405

port salut?1407

recept1423

porta1425

receptaclec1425

place (etc.) of refuge?a1439

retreat1481

port haven1509

stelling-place1513

refugie1515

retraict1550

safe haven1555

havening place1563

sanctuarya1568

safe harbour1569

sheepfold1579

subterfuge1593

arka1616

lopeholt1616

latebra1626

asylum1642

creep-hole1646

harbourage1651

reverticle1656

creeping-hole1665

a port in a (also the) storm1714

receptory1856

padded cell1876

funk-hole1900

c1225 (?c1200) St. Juliana (Bodl.) 292 Lauerd.., lead me þurh þis lease..lif, to þe hauene of heale.

a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 570 Heiȝh heuene king to gode hauene me sende, oþer laske mi liif daywes wiþ-inne a litel terme.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 25711 Penance is þat toþer bord þat fletand flittes man ouer ford; Quen schippe is broken oght wit sin, It schal him hauen of merci win.

1567 T. Palfreyman Baldwin's Treat. Morall Philos. (new ed.) v. vi. f. 143 To ye godlye, deth is..y^e port of paradise y^e hauen of heauen..y^e manumission from all misery.

1573 T. Tusser Fiue Hundreth Points Good Husbandry (new ed.) f. 38^v Cause rooke & rauen, to seeke a newe hauen.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Taming of Shrew (1623) v. i. 118 Happilie I haue arriued at the last Vnto the wished hauen of my blisse.

1649 Mercurius Philo-monarchicus No. 1. 2 Ambition yet never found a haven of rest verging upon a sea of blood.

1706 I. Watts Horæ Lyricæ ii. 152 We shall once arrive At the fair Haven of Eternal Bliss.

1781 W. Cowper Retirem. 386 To the fair haven of my native home, The wreck of what I was, fatigu'd, I come.

1839 M. Gardiner Governess II. 175 Clara felt as if, beneath their hospitable and quiet roof, she had found a haven from the storms of life.

1849 Jrnl. Sacred Lit. Jan. 22 This was the Pharos of his teaching, the luminous point which led the world-lost soul into the haven of assured peace and conscious adoption.

1865 T. Carlyle Hist. Friedrich II of Prussia V. xviii. vii. 168 My sole refuge and only haven..is in the arms of death.

1917 Missionary Surv. Feb. 104/1 The tiny feathered folks hovered beneath the shelter of the bare branches, seeking to find haven from the cold and snow.

1939 Jrnl. Wildlife Managem. 3 75/2 He might turn these reservoirs into veritable wildlife havens.

1985 R. Marchand Advertising Amer. Dream (1986) x. 359 Preserving havens of intimate social relationships in the midst of growing complexity and bureaucratization.

2003 Lancs. Life Mar. 23/1 For most of us a home is a haven where we can relax and recharge after the daily grind of work.

3. Originally and chiefly U.S. Chiefly with for. A place providing protection and favourable conditions or opportunities for a particular type of person, or where a particular activity may flourish.Originally and frequently with reference to criminals or illegal activities.

ΚΠ

1891 N.Y. Times 7 Nov. 8/3 (headline) A sure haven for crooks.

1907 Muskogee (Okla.) Times-Democrat 24 Apr. (Last ed.) 3/3 Pool selling has been prohibited in Chicago, and so this place has been a haven for the sports.

1925 Lowell (Mass.) Sun 10 Dec. 2/2 (advt.) The Gift Shop. What a haven for the Gift Seeker!

1955 Variety 9 Mar. 62/4 Chicago, for years a stripper's haven, is now seriously beset by a dearth of peelers.

1990 Los Angeles Oct. 78/2 Gelson's..is a veritable haven for affluent foodies, with everything from sushi and takeout deli foods to cookware.

2012 J. R. Youde in B. J. C. McKercher Routledge Handbk. Diplomacy & Statecraft xxxvi. 417 Failed states..can become havens for drug trafficking, criminal syndicates, and terrorist organisations.

Compounds

C1. General attributive and objective with agent nouns and participles (in sense 1). See also haven town n.

ΚΠ

c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Nun's Priest's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 251 The wynd..made hem in a Citee for to tarie That stood ful myrie vp on an hauen syde.

Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 230 Havene kepare, or gouernare, portunus.

a1547 Petition in W. Rye Cromer (1889) 53 All suche transpases & offences as be..Inquyreable in Haven Courts.

1599 E. Wright tr. S. Stevin (title) The hauen-finding art, or, the way to find any hauen or place at sea, by the latitude and variation.

1658 J. Spencer Καινα και Παλαια 573 Socrates one day meeting Zenophon the sonne of Coryllus in a certain angiport, or Haven-street.

1870 W. Morris Earthly Paradise: Pt. III 206 The fall Of the low haven-waves when night was still.

1887 Naut. Mag. Oct. 863 This light faces the haven entrance.

2008 D. James Contemp. Brit. Fiction & Artistry of Space v. 147 Descriptions across the harbour region unfold paratactically, as the speaker shadows moment by moment an imagined exilic figure across the haven wall.

C2.

haven mouth n. the entrance to a haven (sense 1).

ΚΠ

c1453 (c1437) Brut (Harl. 53) 579 (MED) Þey bulgit hem, some in þe haven-mouthe and some be-sides the haven.

1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xxxvii. 953 To sinke them in the verie haven mouth, for to choke it up.

1774 Hull Dock Act 49 The roadstead near the haven mouth.

2008 D. Butcher Lowestoft, 1550–1750 i. 6 Great Yarmouth became increasingly concerned about its own position as the dominant town... This was partly due to continuous silting up of its haven mouth.

haven master n. [compare Middle Dutch havenmeyster (Dutch havenmeester ), German Hafenmeister (1625 or earlier); compare earlier havener n.] now historical the chief official in charge of a haven (sense 1); cf. port-master n. at port n.¹ Compounds 2, harbour-master n. at harbour n.¹ Compounds 2.

ΚΠ

1679 in Minutes Common Council City N.Y., 1675–1776 (1905) I. 744 The hauen Master is to giue notice to all Straingers who may be concerned.

1835 1st Rep. Commissioners Munic. Corporations Eng. & Wales App. iv. 2399 in Parl. Papers (H.C. 116) XXV. 1 The Haven Master is an officer appointed under the charter of James I, by which the admiralty rights were acquired.

1999 D. Large Munic. Govt. Bristol ii. 57 In 1851 these [sc. Council employees at the docks] included twenty eight pilots,..the Quay Warden, the Haven Master, the Cranemaster and his clerk.

Derivatives

† ˈhavenful adj. Obsolete having many havens.

ΚΠ

a1425 Medulla Gram. (Stonyhurst) f. 51 Portuosus, haueneful.

1616 G. Chapman tr. Musaeus Divine Poem 364 The havenful shore he sought.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

havenv.

Brit.

/ˈheɪvn/, U.S.

/ˈheɪv(ə)n/

Forms: see haven n.

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: haven n.

Etymology: < haven n. Compare Middle Dutch havenen to go into port, to bring (a ship) into port (Dutch havenen ), Middle Low German hāvenen to go into port, to shelter (a person). With sense 2 compare earlier harbour v., where senses relating to shelter and lodging for people are (historically) primary.

a. intransitive. Of a ship or its crew: to go into a haven; to moor or anchor in a haven. Cf. harbour v. 9a.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > berthing, mooring, or anchoring > berth, moor, or anchor [verb (intransitive)] > come into harbour

havenc1384

harbry1513

harbour1582

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Deeds xx. 15 An other day we haueneden [L. adplicuimus] at Samum.

c1480 (a1400) St. Nicholas 310 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 490 Sa þai sailyt furth, & land has sene, & hawynit.

1803 R. Southey tr. Amadis of Gaul III. 206 On the fourth day they all embarked, and in short time havened at Constantinople under the Emperor's palace.

1911 Edinb. Rev. Jan. 158 Verses that tell..of ghost-ships havening in hell.

2003 P. Timberlake in R. Dal Vera Film, Broadcast & E-media Coaching 87 The pirates havening at Madagascar had either left or retired by the 1720s.

b. transitive. To moor or anchor (a ship or boat) in a haven; to bring into a haven. Cf. harbour v. 5, port v.⁴ 1.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > berthing, mooring, or anchoring > berth, moor, or anchor (a ship) [verb (transitive)] > bring into harbour or port

harbour1555

porta1625

haven1631

hovel1891

1631 W. Cornwallis Ess. (ed. 2) ii. li. sig. Hh5 They are neuer hauened, and their Anchors hold not.

1831 W. O. Porter & J. Porter Sir Edward Seaward's Narr. I. 41 The creek, in which the good providence of God had havened us.

1914 F. E. Herrick Prohibition Poems 68 The voyagers came and havened here their little barque.

1952 C. Day Lewis tr. Virgil Aeneid i. 21 Even so it is with your ships and your young warriors—either They're havened already or running free to the harbour mouth.

2. transitive. To shelter, protect; to provide with a place of safety or refuge. Also intransitive: to shelter, take refuge. Cf. harbour v. 3a. (Now the most commonly used sense.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > refuge or shelter > take or seek refuge [verb (intransitive)]

bield?a1400

to hide one's headc1475

shroud1579

subterfuge1622

refuge1640

to take refuge1667

haven1742

to go to earth1820

to hole up1875

1742 J. Cennick Sacred Hymns for Children of God (new ed.) lxxviii. 111 In the Everlasting Arms! Safely haven'd, and in Peace.

1820 J. Keats Eve of St. Agnes in Lamia & Other Poems 96 Blissfully haven'd both from joy and pain.

1890 A. Austin in Spectator 14 June They havened you from strife.

1915 L. H. Bailey Holy Earth ii. 164 Here havened the beasts and fowls when storms pursued them.

1984 Ploughshares 10 71 He once let drop that our house havened a devotee of the Fuhrer.

2010 B. Connable & M. C. Libicki How Insurgencies End iii. 70 (note) South African motives..revolved around anti-South African insurgents havened in Angola.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2015; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	haven
释义	havenn. Brit. /ˈheɪvn/, U.S. /ˈheɪv(ə)n/ Forms: Old English hæuen, late Old English hæfen, late Old English hæfene, early Middle English auene (perhaps transmission error), early Middle English hæuene, early Middle English hafene, early Middle English hafune, Middle English hafen, Middle English hafne, Middle English haue, Middle English hauene, Middle English hauyne, Middle English havayn, Middle English havene, Middle English hawyn, Middle English heuene, Middle English–1500s hauyn, Middle English–1500s havyn, Middle English–1600s hauen, Middle English–1600s havon, Middle English– haven, 1500s hauin, 1500s–1600s hauon, 1500s–1600s heaven; Scottish pre-1700 haevin, pre-1700 hafin, pre-1700 haiuin, pre-1700 haivin, pre-1700 hauin, pre-1700 havein, pre-1700 haveing, pre-1700 havin, pre-1700 havine, pre-1700 havyn, pre-1700 hawen, pre-1700 hawin, pre-1700 hawine, pre-1700 hawyn, pre-1700 hawyne, pre-1700 heaven, pre-1700 heavin, pre-1700 heavine, pre-1700 heavyn, pre-1700 heaweine, pre-1700 heawin, pre-1700 heivin, pre-1700 heuin, pre-1700 hevin, pre-1700 hevyn, pre-1700 hewin, pre-1700 hewyn, pre-1700 1700s– haven. N.E.D. (1898) also records forms Middle English heven, 1500s heiven (Scottish). Origin: Either (i) a borrowing from early Scandinavian. Or (ii) a word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Either (i) < early Scandinavian (compare Old Icelandic hǫfn , etc.: see below) or (ii) cognate with Middle Dutch haven (Dutch haven ), Middle Low German hāvene (German regional (Low German) haven ), Middle High German habene (German Hafen ; the current form perhaps shows Low German influence), Old Icelandic hafn- , hǫfn , Old Swedish hamn (Swedish hamn ), Old Danish hafn (Danish havn ), probably < the same Indo-European base as Early Irish cúan seaport, port, bay, perhaps ultimately < the same Indo-European base as heave v. (It is uncertain whether there is any etymological connection with the Germanic base of Old English hæf , Old Icelandic haf sea, ocean: see haaf n.). Compare also Anglo-Norman hafne, Anglo-Norman and Old French havene, havre, etc., seaport (early 12th cent.), place of refuge (late 12th cent.; Middle French, French havre), probably originally < Old Dutch, but in some Anglo-Norman forms also influenced by Middle English.In Old English apparently both a strong feminine (hæfen ) and a weak feminine (hæfene ). The word is not attested before the late 11th cent. (earliest in accounts which ostensibly record Cnut's grant of the harbour at Sandwich to Christ Church, Canterbury in 1023, but which are of later composition), and is frequently taken to be a borrowing from early Scandinavian into Old English (compare earlier hithe n., port n.¹), although this has been disputed. However, beside the late attestation in Old English, the rarity in Middle English of forms such as heuene even in regional varieties in the south-east and in the west midlands (which otherwise show raising of Old English æ to e ) makes some degree of Scandinavian influence likely. For further discussion see S. M. Pons-Sanz Lexical Effects Anglo-Scand. Ling. Contact on Old Eng. (2013) 443–5, R. Dance Words Derived from Old Norse in Early Middle Eng. (2003) 359. As a place-name element, the word occurs earliest in Qwithofhavene , Cumberland (c1135, now Whitehaven), which reflects an early Scandinavian name; however, it is also found in a southern settlement name within the same century: Kihavene , Hampshire (c1170, now Keyhaven); compare note at sense 1. In the Middle English form haue with loss of final -n ; compare also Older Scots haueing at havening n. Forms. 1. A sheltered body of water along a coast or shore where ships or boats can moor or anchor, esp. during stormy weather; a harbour, a port. Also: a town or place possessing a harbour or port.Frequently in place names, as Whitehaven, Stonehaven, New Haven, etc.See also port haven n. at port n.¹ Compounds 2, sea-haven n. at sea n. Compounds 1a. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > berthing, mooring, or anchoring > harbour or port > [noun] hithec725 havenOE port1340 stationa1382 harbourc1405 haveningc1425 piera1552 harbourage1850 OE Royal Charter: Cnut to Christ Church, Canterbury (Sawyer 959) in N. P. Brooks & S. E. Kelly Charters of Christ Church Canterbury, Pt. 2 (2013) 1094 Ic ann þam ilikan menstre..ða hæuene [L. portum] on Sandwic & ealle ða lændinge & þa gehrihte of ðam ilkan wætere. lOE St. Nicholas (Corpus Cambr.) (1997) 90 Þær wære gecumene wel manega scipes up æt þære hæfene þe is gecleopod Adriaticum [L. Hadriatici portus]. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 3696 Þat hauen [c1300 Otho hauene] of Douere he hauede inumen. c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 2838 (MED) Hii wolleþ tomorwe ariue at te hauene [a1400 Trin. Cambr. hafne, c1425 Harl. haue] of toteneys. 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 182 (MED) Nyxt þe hauene spilþ ofte þet ssip þet geþ zikerliche ine þe heȝe ze. 1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) vii. l. 1068 A hundreth schippys..in hawyn was lyand thar. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Psalms cvi[i]. 30 So he bryngeth them vnto the hauen where they wolde be [1611 King James vnto their desired hauen]. 1552 Abp. J. Hamilton Catech. i. i. f. 5 Ane skyppar can nocht gyde his schip to gud heuin w^tout direction of his Compas. 1624 Acts 21 James I (new ed.) c. 3. sig. C The selling, carrying lading..venting, or trading of or for any Sea-coles, Stone-coales or Pit coales, foorth or out of the Hauen and Riuer of Tyne. 1665 J. Yonge Jrnl. (1963) (modernized text) 76 [Messina is] encompassed with high hills and made a haven by a hook of sand strangely lying before it. 1703 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion II. vii. 258 Weymouth, a very convenient Harbour and Haven. 1774 O. Goldsmith Grecian Hist. I. vii. 223 A strong haven, with walls reaching unto the city. 1819 J. Lingard Hist. Eng. II. xii. 36 A long continuance of stormy weather confined him a prisoner in the haven of Barfleur. 1844 Ld. Brougham Brit. Constit. ii. 21 Goods imported and exported at the havens of the realm. 1935 Ann. Brit. School Athens 1932–3 33 10 No wind with west in it could well be characterised as favourable for a run to Pylos from any of the havens in Leucas. 2001 S. O. Busch Medieval Mediterranean Ports ii. 35 Its natural configuration consists of a square inlet, forming a haven of 40 hectares. 2. literal and figurative. A place of shelter, protection, safety, or retreat; a refuge, a sanctuary. Also as a mass noun: refuge, shelter. (Now the usual sense.)Before the 20th cent. frequently as part of an extended metaphor, with reference to sense 1.safe haven, tax haven, etc.: see the first element. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > refuge or shelter > [noun] > a place of refuge havenc1225 infleeinga1300 leinda1300 harbourc1300 reseta1325 harbouryc1325 refutec1350 asylec1384 receipta1393 refugec1405 port salut?1407 recept1423 porta1425 receptaclec1425 place (etc.) of refuge?a1439 retreat1481 port haven1509 stelling-place1513 refugie1515 retraict1550 safe haven1555 havening place1563 sanctuarya1568 safe harbour1569 sheepfold1579 subterfuge1593 arka1616 lopeholt1616 latebra1626 asylum1642 creep-hole1646 harbourage1651 reverticle1656 creeping-hole1665 a port in a (also the) storm1714 receptory1856 padded cell1876 funk-hole1900 c1225 (?c1200) St. Juliana (Bodl.) 292 Lauerd.., lead me þurh þis lease..lif, to þe hauene of heale. a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 570 Heiȝh heuene king to gode hauene me sende, oþer laske mi liif daywes wiþ-inne a litel terme. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 25711 Penance is þat toþer bord þat fletand flittes man ouer ford; Quen schippe is broken oght wit sin, It schal him hauen of merci win. 1567 T. Palfreyman Baldwin's Treat. Morall Philos. (new ed.) v. vi. f. 143 To ye godlye, deth is..y^e port of paradise y^e hauen of heauen..y^e manumission from all misery. 1573 T. Tusser Fiue Hundreth Points Good Husbandry (new ed.) f. 38^v Cause rooke & rauen, to seeke a newe hauen. a1616 W. Shakespeare Taming of Shrew (1623) v. i. 118 Happilie I haue arriued at the last Vnto the wished hauen of my blisse. View more context for this quotation 1649 Mercurius Philo-monarchicus No. 1. 2 Ambition yet never found a haven of rest verging upon a sea of blood. 1706 I. Watts Horæ Lyricæ ii. 152 We shall once arrive At the fair Haven of Eternal Bliss. 1781 W. Cowper Retirem. 386 To the fair haven of my native home, The wreck of what I was, fatigu'd, I come. 1839 M. Gardiner Governess II. 175 Clara felt as if, beneath their hospitable and quiet roof, she had found a haven from the storms of life. 1849 Jrnl. Sacred Lit. Jan. 22 This was the Pharos of his teaching, the luminous point which led the world-lost soul into the haven of assured peace and conscious adoption. 1865 T. Carlyle Hist. Friedrich II of Prussia V. xviii. vii. 168 My sole refuge and only haven..is in the arms of death. 1917 Missionary Surv. Feb. 104/1 The tiny feathered folks hovered beneath the shelter of the bare branches, seeking to find haven from the cold and snow. 1939 Jrnl. Wildlife Managem. 3 75/2 He might turn these reservoirs into veritable wildlife havens. 1985 R. Marchand Advertising Amer. Dream (1986) x. 359 Preserving havens of intimate social relationships in the midst of growing complexity and bureaucratization. 2003 Lancs. Life Mar. 23/1 For most of us a home is a haven where we can relax and recharge after the daily grind of work. 3. Originally and chiefly U.S. Chiefly with for. A place providing protection and favourable conditions or opportunities for a particular type of person, or where a particular activity may flourish.Originally and frequently with reference to criminals or illegal activities. ΚΠ 1891 N.Y. Times 7 Nov. 8/3 (headline) A sure haven for crooks. 1907 Muskogee (Okla.) Times-Democrat 24 Apr. (Last ed.) 3/3 Pool selling has been prohibited in Chicago, and so this place has been a haven for the sports. 1925 Lowell (Mass.) Sun 10 Dec. 2/2 (advt.) The Gift Shop. What a haven for the Gift Seeker! 1955 Variety 9 Mar. 62/4 Chicago, for years a stripper's haven, is now seriously beset by a dearth of peelers. 1990 Los Angeles Oct. 78/2 Gelson's..is a veritable haven for affluent foodies, with everything from sushi and takeout deli foods to cookware. 2012 J. R. Youde in B. J. C. McKercher Routledge Handbk. Diplomacy & Statecraft xxxvi. 417 Failed states..can become havens for drug trafficking, criminal syndicates, and terrorist organisations. Compounds C1. General attributive and objective with agent nouns and participles (in sense 1). See also haven town n. ΚΠ c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Nun's Priest's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 251 The wynd..made hem in a Citee for to tarie That stood ful myrie vp on an hauen syde. Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 230 Havene kepare, or gouernare, portunus. a1547 Petition in W. Rye Cromer (1889) 53 All suche transpases & offences as be..Inquyreable in Haven Courts. 1599 E. Wright tr. S. Stevin (title) The hauen-finding art, or, the way to find any hauen or place at sea, by the latitude and variation. 1658 J. Spencer Καινα και Παλαια 573 Socrates one day meeting Zenophon the sonne of Coryllus in a certain angiport, or Haven-street. 1870 W. Morris Earthly Paradise: Pt. III 206 The fall Of the low haven-waves when night was still. 1887 Naut. Mag. Oct. 863 This light faces the haven entrance. 2008 D. James Contemp. Brit. Fiction & Artistry of Space v. 147 Descriptions across the harbour region unfold paratactically, as the speaker shadows moment by moment an imagined exilic figure across the haven wall. C2. haven mouth n. the entrance to a haven (sense 1). ΚΠ c1453 (c1437) Brut (Harl. 53) 579 (MED) Þey bulgit hem, some in þe haven-mouthe and some be-sides the haven. 1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xxxvii. 953 To sinke them in the verie haven mouth, for to choke it up. 1774 Hull Dock Act 49 The roadstead near the haven mouth. 2008 D. Butcher Lowestoft, 1550–1750 i. 6 Great Yarmouth became increasingly concerned about its own position as the dominant town... This was partly due to continuous silting up of its haven mouth. haven master n. [compare Middle Dutch havenmeyster (Dutch havenmeester ), German Hafenmeister (1625 or earlier); compare earlier havener n.] now historical the chief official in charge of a haven (sense 1); cf. port-master n. at port n.¹ Compounds 2, harbour-master n. at harbour n.¹ Compounds 2. ΚΠ 1679 in Minutes Common Council City N.Y., 1675–1776 (1905) I. 744 The hauen Master is to giue notice to all Straingers who may be concerned. 1835 1st Rep. Commissioners Munic. Corporations Eng. & Wales App. iv. 2399 in Parl. Papers (H.C. 116) XXV. 1 The Haven Master is an officer appointed under the charter of James I, by which the admiralty rights were acquired. 1999 D. Large Munic. Govt. Bristol ii. 57 In 1851 these [sc. Council employees at the docks] included twenty eight pilots,..the Quay Warden, the Haven Master, the Cranemaster and his clerk. Derivatives † ˈhavenful adj. Obsolete having many havens. ΚΠ a1425 Medulla Gram. (Stonyhurst) f. 51 Portuosus, haueneful. 1616 G. Chapman tr. Musaeus Divine Poem 364 The havenful shore he sought. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022). havenv. Brit. /ˈheɪvn/, U.S. /ˈheɪv(ə)n/ Forms: see haven n. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: haven n. Etymology: < haven n. Compare Middle Dutch havenen to go into port, to bring (a ship) into port (Dutch havenen ), Middle Low German hāvenen to go into port, to shelter (a person). With sense 2 compare earlier harbour v., where senses relating to shelter and lodging for people are (historically) primary. 1. a. intransitive. Of a ship or its crew: to go into a haven; to moor or anchor in a haven. Cf. harbour v. 9a. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > berthing, mooring, or anchoring > berth, moor, or anchor [verb (intransitive)] > come into harbour havenc1384 harbry1513 harbour1582 c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Deeds xx. 15 An other day we haueneden [L. adplicuimus] at Samum. c1480 (a1400) St. Nicholas 310 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 490 Sa þai sailyt furth, & land has sene, & hawynit. 1803 R. Southey tr. Amadis of Gaul III. 206 On the fourth day they all embarked, and in short time havened at Constantinople under the Emperor's palace. 1911 Edinb. Rev. Jan. 158 Verses that tell..of ghost-ships havening in hell. 2003 P. Timberlake in R. Dal Vera Film, Broadcast & E-media Coaching 87 The pirates havening at Madagascar had either left or retired by the 1720s. b. transitive. To moor or anchor (a ship or boat) in a haven; to bring into a haven. Cf. harbour v. 5, port v.⁴ 1. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > berthing, mooring, or anchoring > berth, moor, or anchor (a ship) [verb (transitive)] > bring into harbour or port harbour1555 porta1625 haven1631 hovel1891 1631 W. Cornwallis Ess. (ed. 2) ii. li. sig. Hh5 They are neuer hauened, and their Anchors hold not. 1831 W. O. Porter & J. Porter Sir Edward Seaward's Narr. I. 41 The creek, in which the good providence of God had havened us. 1914 F. E. Herrick Prohibition Poems 68 The voyagers came and havened here their little barque. 1952 C. Day Lewis tr. Virgil Aeneid i. 21 Even so it is with your ships and your young warriors—either They're havened already or running free to the harbour mouth. 2. transitive. To shelter, protect; to provide with a place of safety or refuge. Also intransitive: to shelter, take refuge. Cf. harbour v. 3a. (Now the most commonly used sense.) ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > refuge or shelter > take or seek refuge [verb (intransitive)] bield?a1400 to hide one's headc1475 shroud1579 subterfuge1622 refuge1640 to take refuge1667 haven1742 to go to earth1820 to hole up1875 1742 J. Cennick Sacred Hymns for Children of God (new ed.) lxxviii. 111 In the Everlasting Arms! Safely haven'd, and in Peace. 1820 J. Keats Eve of St. Agnes in Lamia & Other Poems 96 Blissfully haven'd both from joy and pain. 1890 A. Austin in Spectator 14 June They havened you from strife. 1915 L. H. Bailey Holy Earth ii. 164 Here havened the beasts and fowls when storms pursued them. 1984 Ploughshares 10 71 He once let drop that our house havened a devotee of the Fuhrer. 2010 B. Connable & M. C. Libicki How Insurgencies End iii. 70 (note) South African motives..revolved around anti-South African insurgents havened in Angola. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2015; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.OEv.c1384
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