rheo-comb. form

Stress is determined by a range of factors though some degree of stress is usually maintained on this combining form.

Forms: 1700s– rheo-, 1800s– reo-.

Origin: A borrowing from Greek. Partly also a borrowing from French. Etymons: Greek ῥέος; French rhéo-.

Etymology: < ancient Greek ῥέος stream, current < the same base as ῥεῖν to flow (see rheid n.; compare -o- connective); in early 19th-cent. use chiefly via French rhéo- (formations in which are found from the 1810s: see rheometer n., rheophore n.). Compare also German rheo- (formations in which are found from the 1830s or earlier: see rheometer n.).First found in an apparently isolated formation in the mid 18th cent., rheostatics n. Subsequently found in the 1820s in the French borrowing rheophore n., and in further formations within English and in borrowings and adaptations of French and German words from the end of the 1830s onwards. Ancient Greek ῥέος is much rarer than the synonymous ῥεῦμα (see rheum n.¹) but may have been taken up by modern scientists from the dictionary record.

Science.

Forming nouns and adjectives relating to flow and (esp. electric) currents.Many of the terms denoting electrical apparatus were introduced by Charles Wheatstone in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) (1843) 133 306–7, in some cases after foreign models (he cites Ampère's use of rheophore and Peclet's use of rheometer). Of these only rheostat n. remains in use.

rheocasting n.

Brit.

/ˈriːə(ʊ)kɑːstɪŋ/

/ˈriːə(ʊ)kastɪŋ/

U.S.

/ˈrioʊˌkæstɪŋ/

Metallurgy a casting technique in which molten metal is first turned into a semi-solid slurry, typically by vigorous agitation, and this in turn is forced into a mould to form the casting.

ΚΠ

1973 M. C. Flemings & R. Mehrabian in Trans. Amer. Foundrymen's Soc. 81 83/2 It is possible to shape such slurries by a variety of casting processes, including low and high pressure die casting. We term such casting processes ‘Rheocasting’.

1993 J. R. Davis et al. Aluminum & Aluminum Alloys 104/1 There have been several attempts in the United States and abroad to commercialize rheocasting.

2000 J. Y. Buffière et al. in T. W. Clyne & F. Simancik Metal Matrix Composites & Metallic Foams 157 The material was processed through a rheocasting route under nitrogen and was subsequently extruded at 813 K.

rheochord n.

Brit.

/ˈriːə(ʊ)kɔːd/

U.S.

/ˈriəˌkɔrd/

(also rheocord) [ < rheo- comb. form + chord n.¹; with the form rheocord compare cord n.¹] now disused a wire having an electrical contact that can be moved along its length, so as to vary the resistance it offers, and used to control the resistance of a circuit or vary the current in one; cf. rheostat n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > resistance > [noun] > instrument used in measuring

rheochord1864

Megger1903

multimeter1907

1864 J. Tyndall in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 154 330 This lamp should remain perfectly constant throughout the day; and to keep it so, a tangent galvanometer and a rheocord are introduced into the circuit.

1881 I. Rosenthal Gen. Physiol. Muscles & Nerves viii. 134 By means of a rheochord..there is no difficulty in making the currents within the nerve so weak that they exercise no influence at all.

1920 B. Muscio Lect. Industr. Psychol. (ed. 2) iii. 114 The circuit of the chronoscope must be of high resistance, which it may be made by introducing a rheocord into it.

1921 Proc. Royal Soc. B. 92 342 Both terminals of a rheochord, whose wire..was divided into 100 divisions.

rheocline n.

Brit.

/ˈriːə(ʊ)klʌɪn/

U.S.

/ˈriəˌklaɪn/

[in sense (a) < rheo- comb. form + ancient Greek κλίνη couch (see -cline comb. form); in sense (b) < rheo- comb. form + -cline comb. form] †(a) a form of bed with an inflatable mattress (obsolete); (b) Ecology a layer in a body of moving water, across which there is a significant velocity gradient.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > bed > types of bed > [noun] > air-bed

wind-bed1575

air bed1809

air mattress1834

rheocline1851

Li-Lo1936

1851 W. A. Guy Hooper's Physician's Vade-Mecum (new ed.) 315 The water-bed or the rheiocline, should be resorted to in the more severe class of cases.

1859 F. Nightingale Notes on Nursing viii. 46 An iron bedstead, with rheocline springs, which are permeable by the air up to the very mattress.

1968 F. R. H. Jones Fish Migration x. 194 In open water velocity changes take place across thermal or salinity discontinuities, and I propose the use of the term rheocline..to describe this phenomena [sic].

2004 B. G. Kapoor & B. Khanna Ichthyol. Handbk. xxi. 911 It is not clear if fish make use of the directional information likely to be available across the rheocline.

rheo-electric adj.

Brit.

/ˌriːəʊᵻˈlɛktrɪk/

U.S.

/ˌrioʊəˈlɛktrɪk/

/ˌrioʊiˈlɛktrɪk/

now rare relating to the flow or production of an electric current.

ΚΠ

1844 J. Nott in Rep. Brit. Assoc. Advancem. Sci. 1843 Notices & Abstr. 15 Among the novelties presented by the paper, may be mentioned the description of what the author calls the rheo-electric machine, in which both electricities are developed by friction.

1848 London Jrnl. Arts, Sci., & Manuf. 33 441 Because, the plants forming a portion of the rheo-electric arrangement, their vital fluids would, of necessity, undergo decomposition.

1877 N. Lockyer & J. N. Lockyer tr. A. Guillemin Applic. Physical Forces x. 721 Those apparatus in which an electro-chemical agency is employed to produce the current which induces in its own circuit or another neighbouring one,..which M. le Roux calls rheo-electric machines.

1995 ACH Models Chem. 132 811 The first attempts at ozonization bubble columns optimization were conducted using hydraulic scale models and rheoelectric analogy.

rheoignimbrite n.

Brit.

/ˌriːəʊˈɪɡnᵻmbrʌɪt/

U.S.

/ˌrioʊˈɪɡnəmˌbraɪt/

[after Italian reoignimbrite (A. Rittmann 1958, in Bollettino d. Sedute d. Accad. Gioenia in Catania 4 524)] Geology an ignimbrite which has undergone further flow after its initial deposition on the slope of a volcano.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > rock > igneous rock > [noun] > volcanic rocks > volcaniclastic > varieties of

ignimbrite1932

rheoignimbrite1958

1958 Bollettino d. Sedute d. Accad. Gioenia in Catania 4 533 A. Rittmann..defines ignimbrites... He discusses..their occurrence, structure and texture, comparing and contrasting them with flows of acid lavas and with secondary flows of ignimbrites, for which he proposes the term ‘rheoignimbrite’.

1976 A. Rittman & L. Rittmann Volcanoes (1978) 49 Rheo-ignimbrites..look like fairly flat, thick lava-flows lying in the middle of the ignimbrite sheet from which they came... The lower part..looks more homogeneous, and its glassy splinters are no longer so clearly defined as in ordinary ignimbrites.

2002 S. E. Bryan et al. in M. A. Menzies et al. Volcanic Rifted Margins 100 (table) Latite to quartz latite rheoignimbrite.

† rheomotor n. Obsolete an apparatus for producing an electric current; a battery.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrical engineering > generator > [noun]

rheomotor1843

generator1879

magneto-generator1883

motor generator1887

1843 C. Wheatstone in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 133 306 I shall..employ the word Rheomotor to denote any apparatus which originates an electric current.

1887 F. Jenkin Electr. & Magn. (ed. 9) xxii. 299 A telegraphic circuit, when a battery is used, consists of..the sending battery, or other rheomotor.

rheotome n.

Brit.

/ˈriːə(ʊ)təʊm/

U.S.

/ˈriəˌtoʊm/

now historical an apparatus for periodically interrupting an electric current.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electric current > flow of electricity > [noun] > device interrupting

rheotome1843

interrupter1851

chopper1929

1843 C. Wheatstone in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 133 307 By Rheotome is meant an instrument which periodically interrupts a current.

1912 J. M. Martin Pract. Electro-therapeutics xi. 175 This rheotome is an automatic device with a clock mechanism, and may be set to interrupt the current from 8 to 660 [times] per minute.

2003 T. Philbin 100 Greatest Inventions of All Time lx. 173 In 1868, Julius Bernstein..improved the rheotome by allowing the time between stimulation and sampling to be varied.

† rheotrope n. Obsolete an apparatus for alternately reversing an electric current; cf. commutator n. 1a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrical engineering > operation of machinery > [noun] > regulation of current > device for

inversor1839

break-piece1842

rheotrope1843

break1852

commutator1874

1843 C. Wheatstone in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 133 307 By Rheotrope [is meant] an instrument which alternately inverts it [sc. a current].

1867 Q. Jrnl. Microsc. Sci. 7 17 A simple battery.., a small induction-coil capable of giving three quarter inch sparks if required, and a rheotrope by which the current could be instantly broken or reversed.

1899 T. S. Dowse Treatm. Dis. Physical Methods xv. 358 Another straight wire (P) can be fastened to the poles of a battery, and, by means of a rheotrope, the current in P can be started, stopped, or reversed.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	rheo-
释义	rheo-comb. form Stress is determined by a range of factors though some degree of stress is usually maintained on this combining form. Forms: 1700s– rheo-, 1800s– reo-. Origin: A borrowing from Greek. Partly also a borrowing from French. Etymons: Greek ῥέος; French rhéo-. Etymology: < ancient Greek ῥέος stream, current < the same base as ῥεῖν to flow (see rheid n.; compare -o- connective); in early 19th-cent. use chiefly via French rhéo- (formations in which are found from the 1810s: see rheometer n., rheophore n.). Compare also German rheo- (formations in which are found from the 1830s or earlier: see rheometer n.).First found in an apparently isolated formation in the mid 18th cent., rheostatics n. Subsequently found in the 1820s in the French borrowing rheophore n., and in further formations within English and in borrowings and adaptations of French and German words from the end of the 1830s onwards. Ancient Greek ῥέος is much rarer than the synonymous ῥεῦμα (see rheum n.¹) but may have been taken up by modern scientists from the dictionary record. Science. Forming nouns and adjectives relating to flow and (esp. electric) currents.Many of the terms denoting electrical apparatus were introduced by Charles Wheatstone in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) (1843) 133 306–7, in some cases after foreign models (he cites Ampère's use of rheophore and Peclet's use of rheometer). Of these only rheostat n. remains in use. rheocasting n. Brit. /ˈriːə(ʊ)kɑːstɪŋ/ , /ˈriːə(ʊ)kastɪŋ/ , U.S. /ˈrioʊˌkæstɪŋ/ Metallurgy a casting technique in which molten metal is first turned into a semi-solid slurry, typically by vigorous agitation, and this in turn is forced into a mould to form the casting. ΚΠ 1973 M. C. Flemings & R. Mehrabian in Trans. Amer. Foundrymen's Soc. 81 83/2 It is possible to shape such slurries by a variety of casting processes, including low and high pressure die casting. We term such casting processes ‘Rheocasting’. 1993 J. R. Davis et al. Aluminum & Aluminum Alloys 104/1 There have been several attempts in the United States and abroad to commercialize rheocasting. 2000 J. Y. Buffière et al. in T. W. Clyne & F. Simancik Metal Matrix Composites & Metallic Foams 157 The material was processed through a rheocasting route under nitrogen and was subsequently extruded at 813 K. rheochord n. Brit. /ˈriːə(ʊ)kɔːd/ , U.S. /ˈriəˌkɔrd/ (also rheocord) [ < rheo- comb. form + chord n.¹; with the form rheocord compare cord n.¹] now disused a wire having an electrical contact that can be moved along its length, so as to vary the resistance it offers, and used to control the resistance of a circuit or vary the current in one; cf. rheostat n. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > resistance > [noun] > instrument used in measuring rheochord1864 Megger1903 multimeter1907 1864 J. Tyndall in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 154 330 This lamp should remain perfectly constant throughout the day; and to keep it so, a tangent galvanometer and a rheocord are introduced into the circuit. 1881 I. Rosenthal Gen. Physiol. Muscles & Nerves viii. 134 By means of a rheochord..there is no difficulty in making the currents within the nerve so weak that they exercise no influence at all. 1920 B. Muscio Lect. Industr. Psychol. (ed. 2) iii. 114 The circuit of the chronoscope must be of high resistance, which it may be made by introducing a rheocord into it. 1921 Proc. Royal Soc. B. 92 342 Both terminals of a rheochord, whose wire..was divided into 100 divisions. rheocline n. Brit. /ˈriːə(ʊ)klʌɪn/ , U.S. /ˈriəˌklaɪn/ [in sense (a) < rheo- comb. form + ancient Greek κλίνη couch (see -cline comb. form); in sense (b) < rheo- comb. form + -cline comb. form] †(a) a form of bed with an inflatable mattress (obsolete); (b) Ecology a layer in a body of moving water, across which there is a significant velocity gradient. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > bed > types of bed > [noun] > air-bed wind-bed1575 air bed1809 air mattress1834 rheocline1851 Li-Lo1936 1851 W. A. Guy Hooper's Physician's Vade-Mecum (new ed.) 315 The water-bed or the rheiocline, should be resorted to in the more severe class of cases. 1859 F. Nightingale Notes on Nursing viii. 46 An iron bedstead, with rheocline springs, which are permeable by the air up to the very mattress. 1968 F. R. H. Jones Fish Migration x. 194 In open water velocity changes take place across thermal or salinity discontinuities, and I propose the use of the term rheocline..to describe this phenomena [sic]. 2004 B. G. Kapoor & B. Khanna Ichthyol. Handbk. xxi. 911 It is not clear if fish make use of the directional information likely to be available across the rheocline. rheo-electric adj. Brit. /ˌriːəʊᵻˈlɛktrɪk/ , U.S. /ˌrioʊəˈlɛktrɪk/ , /ˌrioʊiˈlɛktrɪk/ now rare relating to the flow or production of an electric current. ΚΠ 1844 J. Nott in Rep. Brit. Assoc. Advancem. Sci. 1843 Notices & Abstr. 15 Among the novelties presented by the paper, may be mentioned the description of what the author calls the rheo-electric machine, in which both electricities are developed by friction. 1848 London Jrnl. Arts, Sci., & Manuf. 33 441 Because, the plants forming a portion of the rheo-electric arrangement, their vital fluids would, of necessity, undergo decomposition. 1877 N. Lockyer & J. N. Lockyer tr. A. Guillemin Applic. Physical Forces x. 721 Those apparatus in which an electro-chemical agency is employed to produce the current which induces in its own circuit or another neighbouring one,..which M. le Roux calls rheo-electric machines. 1995 ACH Models Chem. 132 811 The first attempts at ozonization bubble columns optimization were conducted using hydraulic scale models and rheoelectric analogy. rheoignimbrite n. Brit. /ˌriːəʊˈɪɡnᵻmbrʌɪt/ , U.S. /ˌrioʊˈɪɡnəmˌbraɪt/ [after Italian reoignimbrite (A. Rittmann 1958, in Bollettino d. Sedute d. Accad. Gioenia in Catania 4 524)] Geology an ignimbrite which has undergone further flow after its initial deposition on the slope of a volcano. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > rock > igneous rock > [noun] > volcanic rocks > volcaniclastic > varieties of ignimbrite1932 rheoignimbrite1958 1958 Bollettino d. Sedute d. Accad. Gioenia in Catania 4 533 A. Rittmann..defines ignimbrites... He discusses..their occurrence, structure and texture, comparing and contrasting them with flows of acid lavas and with secondary flows of ignimbrites, for which he proposes the term ‘rheoignimbrite’. 1976 A. Rittman & L. Rittmann Volcanoes (1978) 49 Rheo-ignimbrites..look like fairly flat, thick lava-flows lying in the middle of the ignimbrite sheet from which they came... The lower part..looks more homogeneous, and its glassy splinters are no longer so clearly defined as in ordinary ignimbrites. 2002 S. E. Bryan et al. in M. A. Menzies et al. Volcanic Rifted Margins 100 (table) Latite to quartz latite rheoignimbrite. † rheomotor n. Obsolete an apparatus for producing an electric current; a battery. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrical engineering > generator > [noun] rheomotor1843 generator1879 magneto-generator1883 motor generator1887 1843 C. Wheatstone in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 133 306 I shall..employ the word Rheomotor to denote any apparatus which originates an electric current. 1887 F. Jenkin Electr. & Magn. (ed. 9) xxii. 299 A telegraphic circuit, when a battery is used, consists of..the sending battery, or other rheomotor. rheotome n. Brit. /ˈriːə(ʊ)təʊm/ , U.S. /ˈriəˌtoʊm/ now historical an apparatus for periodically interrupting an electric current. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electric current > flow of electricity > [noun] > device interrupting rheotome1843 interrupter1851 chopper1929 1843 C. Wheatstone in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 133 307 By Rheotome is meant an instrument which periodically interrupts a current. 1912 J. M. Martin Pract. Electro-therapeutics xi. 175 This rheotome is an automatic device with a clock mechanism, and may be set to interrupt the current from 8 to 660 [times] per minute. 2003 T. Philbin 100 Greatest Inventions of All Time lx. 173 In 1868, Julius Bernstein..improved the rheotome by allowing the time between stimulation and sampling to be varied. † rheotrope n. Obsolete an apparatus for alternately reversing an electric current; cf. commutator n. 1a. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrical engineering > operation of machinery > [noun] > regulation of current > device for inversor1839 break-piece1842 rheotrope1843 break1852 commutator1874 1843 C. Wheatstone in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 133 307 By Rheotrope [is meant] an instrument which alternately inverts it [sc. a current]. 1867 Q. Jrnl. Microsc. Sci. 7 17 A simple battery.., a small induction-coil capable of giving three quarter inch sparks if required, and a rheotrope by which the current could be instantly broken or reversed. 1899 T. S. Dowse Treatm. Dis. Physical Methods xv. 358 Another straight wire (P) can be fastened to the poles of a battery, and, by means of a rheotrope, the current in P can be started, stopped, or reversed. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < comb. form1843
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