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purgatoryn. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French purgatoire; Latin purgatorium. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Old French purgatore, Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French purgatoire, (chiefly Anglo-Norman) purgatorie (French purgatoire ) place of temporary suffering for the souls of the dead (c1190; the figurative use in sense 2 is apparently not paralleled in French until later (late 16th cent.)) and its etymon post-classical Latin purgatorium purgative substance (end of the 4th cent.), spiritual purification, expiation (5th cent. in Augustine; from c1170 in British sources), place of temporary suffering for the souls of the dead (frequently from 12th cent. in British and continental sources), sewer (c1507 in a British source), use as noun of neuter of purgatorius purgatory adj. Compare Old Occitan purgatori (probably a1230; also porgador , porgatori ; Occitan purgatòri ), Catalan purgatori (13th cent.), Spanish purgatorio (a1263), Portuguese purgatório (14th cent.), Italian purgatorio (end of the 13th cent.). Compare purgation n.With St Patrick's Purgatory n. at sense 1b compare post-classical Latin purgatorium Patricii , purgatorium Sancti Patricii (from a1188 in British sources). The γ. forms probably show dissimilation of -r- to -l-. 1. the world > the supernatural > deity > hell > [noun] > purgatory society > morality > virtue > purity > [adjective] > relating to moral purification > morally purifying the mind > emotion > suffering > [noun] > likened to hell or purgatory ?c1225 (?a1200) (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 102 Ihonged in fur of purgatorie [c1230 Corpus purgatoire]. oðer inpine of helle. c1300 All Souls (Laud) 79 in C. Horstmann (1887) 423 (MED) Purgatorie [is]..in fif studes..On is in þe firmament, þare gret brenningue is..Þat oþur is in þe Eyr..Þe þridde is an vrþe..þe feorþe in watere is; Þe fifte is onder vrþe deope, bi-side helle, i-wis. 1340 (1866) 73 Purgatorie þe ssell seawy hou god clenzeþ veniel zenne. a1393 J. Gower (Fairf.) ii. 1421 The man which lith in purgatoire. a1400 (a1325) (Vesp.) 29165 (MED) Þai sal..for þair foly Bren in þe fier of purgatori. c1475 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville (Tiber.) 22876 (MED) Prayer abreggeth purgatory. a1530 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun (Royal) v. xiv. 5510 Morys..askyt in his prayere Þat he sulde noucht de befor Þat her he tholit his purgator. 1534 in T. Wright (1843) 36 He wold prove purcatory by a certayne vers in the Saulter. 1562 xxii The Romish doctrine concerning purgatory..is a fond thing vainly inuented. a1591 H. Smith (1594) 15 They invented Purgatorie, Masses,..and then all their trinkets. 1624 R. Burton (ed. 2) iii. iv. i. iii. 522 Purgatory, Limbus patrum, infantum, and all that subterranean Geography. 1661 T. Blount (ed. 2) (at cited word) The Council of Trent, Sect. 15. defines, that there is a Purgatory, and that the souls detained there, are benefitted by the prayers of the faithful. 1713 A. Pope 8 Dec. (1956) I. 200 I cannot set his Delivery from Purgatory at less than Fifty Pounds sterling. a1774 A. Tucker (1777) III. iii. xix. 114 The doctrine of a purgatory seems innocent in itself..: it is only the absurd notion..of praying or buying souls out of Purgatory, that renders it a heresy repugnant to reason. 1824 R. Southey I. 311 They might purchase a free passage through Purgatory, or at least, an abbreviation of the term. 1898 A. G. Mortimer ii. 352 The comparison of the differences between the Eastern and Western doctrines of Purgatory..strongly inclines one to the Western view. 1931 E. Bliss i. 47 She was beginning to meditate on Purgatory, and imagined herself dead and outside the gates. 1999 L. Kennedy vi. 143 One reason for the invention of purgatory was to provide a stopping-off place for the penitent who had died before completing his penance. the world > the earth > land > landscape > low land > hole or pit > [noun] > cave > specific c1300 St. Patrick's Purgatory (Laud) 2 in C. Horstmann (1887) 199 Seint paterik..makede ane put in Irlonde Þat seint patrike purgatorie is icleoped. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 375 (MED) A knyȝt þat heet Owen went into Patryk his purgatorie, and come aȝen..and tolde meny men of wondres þat he hadde i-seie in Patrykes purgatorie. a1450 (?1409) (Royal) 58 Y William Stavnton..entred in to þe purgatorie of seint Patrik in the bisshopriche of Cleghire in Irlande..on the friday next after holyrode day in harvest. 1593 M. Drayton iv. 21 A solemne pilgrimage, To holy Hayles or Patricks Purgatory. 1633 T. May iv. Sig. H1v Or to your sacred eare relate the story Of our S. Patrick's famous Purgatory? 1665 R. Flecknoe (new ed.) xlv. 69 They tell them lamentable Stories of Ireland, and St. Patricks Purgatory, (which they believe the sooner, because they look like so many poor souls come out of it themselves). 1703 c. 6 §26 The Superstitions of Popery are greatly increased and upheld by the pretended Sanctity..of a place called St. Patrick's Purgatory in the County of Donegall. 1855 H. H. Milman VI. xiv. ii. 430 The Purgatory of St. Patrick, the Purgatory of Owen Miles,..were among the most popular and wide-spread legends of the ages preceding Dante. 1894 J. T. Fowler in St. Adamnan Introd. 33 This one has perhaps been set up as a rival to an earlier St. Patrick's Purgatory. 1922 J. Joyce ii. xii. [Cyclops] 318 S. Patrick's Purgatory, the Salmon Leap, Maynooth college refectory..—all these moving scenes are still there for us today. 2000 M. Fletcher (2001) x. 292 There was another arch across the lane... It announced the name of this strange place: St Patrick's Purgatory. c1385 G. Chaucer 1226 Now is my prisoun worse than biforn; Now is me shape eternally to dwelle, noght in purgatorie [v.r. purgotorye] but in helle. a1456 (a1449) J. Lydgate (1934) ii. 421 (MED) I am euer in Purgatorye But whanne I seo my lady dere. 1490 (Caxton) 7 The Infyrmyte tofore the deth is lyke as a purgatore. a1513 W. Dunbar (1998) I. 274 We that ar heir in hevynnis glorie [at Court] To ȝou that ar in purgatorie [at Stirling in distress]. 1607 G. Wilkins Sig. A4 Women are the Purgatory of mens Pursses, the Paradice of their bodies, and the Hel of their mindes. 1642 T. Fuller i. vii. 19 Those who first called England the Purgatory of servants, sure did us much wrong. 1725 T. Thomas in VI. (Hist. MSS. Comm.) 98 Half way to North Allerton is a very bad piece of road which goes by the name of Purgatory. 1756 S. Foote i. 25 And you really think Paris a Kind of Purgatory. 1807 W. Irving in (1864) I. 186 We have toiled through the purgatory of an election. 1880 ‘Ouida’ II. 199 The paradise of other women was her purgatory. 1907 Lady Monkswell Diary 13 July in (1946) II. 188 The beautiful Surrey landscape looks down into this purgatory of motor stables & everything that motors require. 1962 K. A. Porter 13 This port town of Veracruz is a little purgatory between land and sea for the traveller. 1989 Feb. 35/3 I immediately sought any way possible to avoid the personal purgatory of staying in the city centre. society > faith > worship > sacrifice or a sacrifice > kinds of sacrifice > [noun] > for sin c1395 G. Chaucer 489 By god, in erthe I was his purgatorie, For which I hope his soule be in glorie. 1563–4 T. Becon Pref. We knew not Christ's most precious blood to be a sufficient purgatory for all our sins. 1639 N. N. tr. J. Du Bosc i. sig. Gj Women are so late ere they fall to devotion, and take it ordinarily but as a Purgatory of the offences of their youth. society > morality > virtue > purity > [noun] > moral purification c1400 (a1376) W. Langland (Trin. Cambr. R.3.14) (1960) A. viii. 88 (MED) Oure lord haþ hem grauntid Here penaunce & here purcatorie vpon þis pur erþe. a1425 (a1349) R. Rolle (Uppsala) (1917) 42 Graunte me, lord Ihesu, purgatorie for my synnes er I deie. c1475 St. Patrick's Purgatory (Yale Beinecke 365) in L. T. Smith (1886) 84 (MED) What man þat goth thys pylgrymage..Oþer porcatory xall he neuer haue. a1500 tr. Thomas à Kempis (Trin. Dublin) (1893) 33 (MED) He haþ a gret & an holsum purgatory [L. purgatorium] þat paciently receyueþ wronges. the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > freedom from impurities > removal of impurities > [noun] 1596 T. Nashe sig. H4 The fire of Alchumie hath wrought such a purgation or purgatory in a great number of mens purses in England, that it hath clean fir'd them out of al they haue. the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > heating or making hot > that which or one who heats > [noun] > a device for heating or warming > devices for heating buildings, rooms, etc. > hearth or fireplace > grate 1707 in M. Wanklyn (1998) 336 An iron purgatory. 1747 in B. Trinder & J. Cox (1980) 191 One Cast Iron Purgatory plate. 1866 Mrs. H. Wood iii The ‘purgatory’ in Mr. Jabez Gum's kitchen consisted of a hole, two feet square, under the hearth, covered with a grating, through which the ashes and the small cinders fell. 1895 T. Pinnock Black Country Ann. in (1903) IV. 650/2 What bad luck to drap yer weddin ring in the purgatory hole. 1897 R. M. Gilchrist ii. 20 Et's onpossible, wi' them purgatories on th' harstone, to keep ashes fro' flyin. 1927 14 Aug. 11/7 The strange use of the word ‘purgatory’..—in the sense of the recess under the fire for receiving ashes—has good warrant. It seems to be—or to have been—local to the Midlands. 1974 W. Leeds 90 Purgatory, ashpan under an open grate. 7. U.S.the world > the earth > land > landscape > marsh, bog, or swamp > [noun] 1760 2 June 4/3 (advt.) To be sold. A number of tracts of land... A part of the lot No. 25, in purgatory swamp. 1831 J. M. Peck iii. 308 In the low prairies near the Wabash, are swamps, called by the people purgatories, which are almost impassable in the wet season. 1834 J. M. Peck iii. 171 The purgatory swamps, as they are called, around the prairie, had a deleterious influence. 1874 lxvi. 925 The draining of Purgatory Swamp opposite Vincennes. 1914 19 103 Between these two points the ground was low and swampy. To it the early settlers of the region gave the name ‘Purgatories’. 1970 27 566 Separated from the First Precinct by Wigwam Swamp and the wastes of Purgatory Swamp, it contained part of Foul Meadow, the most valuable single piece of real estate in the town. the world > the earth > land > landscape > low land > hole or pit > [noun] > abyss 1766 M. Cutler Jrnl. 22 Feb. in W. P. Cutler & J. P. Cutler (1888) I. 12 Hunted in Purgatory with Mr. Dean and Mr. Penniman [for botanical specimens] this afternoon, but found nothing. 1855 E. Hitchcock (new ed.) 115 When the rocks exposed to the waves are divided by fissures..the mass between two fissures is sometimes removed by the water, thus leaving a chasm... Such fissures have been called purgatories, in New England, when they are quite narrow. 1888 J. D. Whitney 160 Along the coast of New England, and in the interior, narrow ravines with nearly perpendicular walls are called ‘purgatories’. 1902 A. Matthews 1 There are in New England several small brooks to which the name of Purgatory is given, either because they drain swamps, or flow through or near rock chasms which are called Purgatories. 1998 C. C. Lewis & T. J. Lewis 173 Purgatory Chasm is a lengthy gorge some 60 feet wide with sheer walls rising 70 feet high. the world > the earth > land > landscape > low land > hole or pit > [noun] > cave 1797 J. Morse 529/2 Sutton, a township in Worcester co., Massachusetts... The cavern, commonly called Purgatory,..is a natural curiosity. 1939 26 Mar. (Book Review section) 14/1 It seems that New England can boast ‘an underground of labyrinthine passages, caves, gulfs, purgatories, tunnels, secret chambers, [etc.]’. 1975 30 Nov. 6/1 Only one thing was certain to the group of spelunkers as they passed through the entrance of ‘purgatory cave’, about 20 miles south of Hemet. Compounds 1792 1 391 Although these articles are called by the vulgar denomination of Purgatory Hammers, yet they appear to be diversified in the manner I have already described. 1851 D. Wilson i. vi. 135 The stone hammer..popularly known in Scotland almost till the close of last century [as] the Purgatory Hammer. 1942 53 78 The purgatory hammer is not unknown in Canada. 1550 T. Becon sig. A.viiiv. The ryche worldelynges in tymes paste could buylde greate monasteries for the bellyed Hypocrites, greate Colledges, Chauntries, and Freechappels, for subtle cariars and Purgatorie rakers. 1675 G. Fox 209 Anti-christ sends forth his disciples to be Mass-mongers, Soul-carriers, Purgatory-rakers, God and Christ-makers of Bread and Wine. 1886 T. L. Kington-Oliphant I. iii. 505 The Teutonic and Romance are compounded in a purgatory-raker. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). purgatoryadj. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin purgatorius. Etymology: < post-classical Latin purgatorius purgative (4th cent.), having the quality of cleansing or purifying, occurring in or characteristic of purgatory (5th cent. in Augustine) < classical Latin pūrgātor purgator n. + -ius , suffix forming adjectives; compare -ory suffix2. Compare Anglo-Norman and Middle French, French †purgatoire (early 13th cent. in Anglo-Norman in feu purgatoire : compare purgatory fire n.), Spanish purgatorio (late 13th cent.), Italian purgatorio (1354; rare).With purgatory punishments compare post-classical Latin purgatoriae poenae (5th cent. in Augustine); with purgatory sufferings compare post-classical Latin purgatoria tormenta (5th cent. in Augustine). Now rare. the world > the supernatural > deity > hell > [adjective] > of or relating to purgatory the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > improvement > [adjective] > purifying or refining society > morality > virtue > purity > [adjective] > relating to moral purification > morally purifying c1390 (?a1300) (Vernon) (1867) i. l. 412 Ȝif þow be þere al þe ȝer..Þenne hastou of crist pouweer A soule to draw from purgatori fer. c1443 R. Pecock (1927) 222 (MED) Of þi punyschyngis, lord god, summe ben purgatorie and satisfactorie for synnys and summe not so ben. a1500 tr. Thomas à Kempis (Trin. Dublin) (1893) 33 Þi sorowe is satisfactory and purgatory [L. purgativus]. 1579 W. Wilkinson sig. B iv Clensing whiche he calleth Purgatorie. 1628 (ed. 2) v. 791 The punishments of men, pure and cleane from sinne, for such sinnes as they formerly committed: if any such be imagined, cannot be named Purgatory punishments, but satisfactory onely. 1675 R. Burthogge 21 Plutarch..tells us, that Infernal Punishments are Purgatory and Medicinal. 1713 15 This Purgatory Punishment, to which this procures them admission, and there they are sure to be throughly purified, and made fit for Heaven. 1790 E. Burke 272 Every man who has served in an assembly is ineligible for two years after... This purgatory interval is not unfavourable to a faithless representative. a1834 S. T. Coleridge (1854) 256 Remorse is no Purgatory Angel. 1854 J. Torrey tr. A. Neander (new ed.) II. 675 Notions respecting disciplinary or purgatory sufferings. 2003 T. Do 166 Putting flame to the thatch of the rebels' habitat, prototyping anti-guerilla warfare of the next century, must have had a ring of purgatory cleansing. Compounds C1. c1390Purgatory fire [see main sense]. 1625 J. Ussher 172 It be a probatory, and not a purgatory fire that the Apostle there treateth of. 1747 T. Podmore vi. 35 And lastly let us hear S. Augustin, who as I observed above was the first that mentions this purgatory fire. 1817 18 Sept. 3/4 To the same effect St. Gregory Nazianzen calls purgatory fire ‘the last baptism’. 1993 (Nexis) 6 Feb. 11 (heading) The healing path through purgatory fire. a1400 (?c1300) (Royal) 472 Til alle in purgatory pyne [v.r. þat in purgatori haue payne] Þis messe be mede & medicyne. 1635 S. Birckbek (new ed.) v.143 Besides, if hee prayed for eternall rest, and remission of sinnes to his deceased mother, this was not for that hee doubted shee injoyed them not, or that he feared shee indured any Purgatory paines. a1711 T. Ken Sion iii, in (1721) IV. 408 And for my Purgatory Pain The Joys of Love a while restrain. 1997 (Nexis) 19 Feb. 15 Much depends on how compassionate our bishops feel about those (including themselves) who may be heading for Purgatory pain. 1599 T. Nashe 32 The great yeare of Iubile in Edward the thirds time..three hundred thousand people romed to Rome for purgatorie pils and paternal veniall benedictions. C2. c1400 (c1378) W. Langland (Laud 581) (1869) B. xviii. 390 Thei shul be clensed clereliche & wasshen of her synnes In my prisoun purgatorie. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). purgatoryv.Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: purgatory n. Etymology: < purgatory n. rare before mid 20th cent. 1696 M. Pix iii. ii. 3 I'le Curse, Excommunicate, Purgatory ye, Hang ye, Damn ye. 1861 O. W. Holmes xxi. 232 Blanche Creamer..was purgatoried between the two old Doctors. 1959 A. Ginsberg 9 Who ate fire in paint hotels or drank turpentine in Paradise Alley, death, or purgatoried their torsos night after night. 1998 N. S. Love 534 Once again our daughters are allowing their bodies to be hampered and purgatoried by girdles and high heels and hobble skirts. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < |
