propio-comb. form

Stress is usually determined by a subsequent element and vowels may be reduced accordingly.

Forms: before a vowel propion-.

Origin: Formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymon: propionic adj.

Etymology: < propio- (in propionic adj.).Formations are found from the mid 19th cent, apparently earliest in propionyl n. Compare German Propio- (formations in which are found from the mid 19th cent.), French propio- (formations in which are found from at least the second half of the 19th cent.). In propionamide n. perhaps after French propionamide (1854 or earlier). With propionyl n. compare French propionyle (1854 or earlier, in hydrure de propionyle propionaldehyde).

Chemistry.

Forming the names of compounds or radicals derived from or structurally related to propionic (propanoic) acid.

propiolactone n.

Brit.

/ˌprəʊpɪə(ʊ)ˈlaktəʊn/

U.S.

/ˌproʊpioʊˈlækˌtoʊn/

a pungent, colourless, liquid β-lactone (more fully β-propiolactone), used as a disinfectant.Formula: CH₂COOCH₂.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > esters > [noun] > named

oxalic ether1788

margarate1819

acrylate1843

urethane1856

tropeine1880

malonic ester1881

heavy oil of wine1882

phosphatide1884

ethanoate1892

imino-ester1897

acetylcholine1906

phaeophytin1907

phytic acid1908

propiolactone1917

silicon ester1923

methyl methacrylate1933

Tylose1934

testosterone propionate1937

filicin1941

trichothecin1948

siphonein1949

acetyl coenzyme A1950

acetyl CoA1951

1917 Chem. Abstr. 11 2577 Propiolactone..was prepd. by treating an aq. soln. of CH₂ICH₂CO₂Na with AgNO₃ and stirring the resulting ppt. for 15–25 min.

1952 Chambers's Jrnl. Apr. 255/2 Treating natural wool with a chemical called propiolactone increases its diameter and density without appreciable effect upon its surface properties.

1993 Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. 115 7389 Our results show that β-propiolactone, contrary to larger lactones, is less basic..than the corresponding aliphatic ester.

propionamide n.

Brit.

/ˌprəʊpɪˈɒnəmʌɪd/

U.S.

/ˌproʊpiˈɑnəˌmaɪd/

the colourless, crystalline amide of propionic acid.CH₃CH₂CONH₂.

ΚΠ

1857 W. A. Miller Elements Chem. III. 239 Propionamide C₆H₇NO₂, Butyramide C₈H₉NO₂, and Valeramide C₁₀H₁₁NO₂, may all be obtained by the action of ammonia upon their respective ethers.

1948 A. W. Ralston Fatty Acids viii. 602 The order of relative reactivities..decreases in the order formamide, propionamide, acetamide, caproamide, and valeramide.

1997 Limnol. & Oceanogr. 42 1548/2 Some phytoplankton may be able to use longer amides such as butyramide and propionamide.

propionitrile n.

Brit.

/ˌprəʊpɪə(ʊ)ˈnʌɪtrʌɪl/

/ˌprəʊpɪə(ʊ)ˈnʌɪtrᵻl/

U.S.

/ˌproʊpioʊˈnaɪtrəl/

a highly poisonous, colourless liquid with a sweetish odour, used esp. in organic synthesis; ethyl cyanide.Formula: CH₃CH₂CN.

ΚΠ

1852 W. Gregory Handbk. Org. Chem. (ed. 3) 228 Propionitryle, or Cyanide of Ethyle,..is formed when propylate of ammonia is heated with anhydrous phosphoric acid.

1948 A. W. Ralston Fatty Acids viii. 634 Kinetic studies upon the alkaline hydrolysis of propionitrile indicate that the rate is dependent upon the rate of formation of the intermediate amide.

1993 Jrnl. Occupational Med. 35 577 Two workers..were overcome by fumes while treating a waste slurry into which unreacted propionitrile was discharged by mistake.

propionyl n.

Brit.

/ˈprəʊpɪənɪl/

/ˈprəʊpɪənʌɪl/

U.S.

/ˈproʊpiəˌnɪl/

/ˈproʊpiəˌnil/

an acyl radical derived from propionic acid (usually attributive); formerly also called metacetyl.Formula: —C(O)CH₂CH₃.

ΚΠ

1850 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 140 129 The existence of a series of bases of the formula C_nH_n+1N, i.e. bases containing formyl, acetyl, propionyl (metacetyl), butyryl, &c., appears to be still doubtful.

1922 J. J. Sudborough Bernthsen's Text-bk. Org. Chem. (new ed.) viii. 207 Its hydrochloric ester is epichlorhydrin,..isomeric with chlor-acetone and propionyl chloride.

1992 C. A. Smith & E. J. Wood Biosynthesis iii. 61 In non-ruminants..propionyl CoA is formed as an intermediate in the metabolism of methionine, valine, threonine and odd-numbered fatty acids.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	propio-
释义	propio-comb. form Stress is usually determined by a subsequent element and vowels may be reduced accordingly. Forms: before a vowel propion-. Origin: Formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymon: propionic adj. Etymology: < propio- (in propionic adj.).Formations are found from the mid 19th cent, apparently earliest in propionyl n. Compare German Propio- (formations in which are found from the mid 19th cent.), French propio- (formations in which are found from at least the second half of the 19th cent.). In propionamide n. perhaps after French propionamide (1854 or earlier). With propionyl n. compare French propionyle (1854 or earlier, in hydrure de propionyle propionaldehyde). Chemistry. Forming the names of compounds or radicals derived from or structurally related to propionic (propanoic) acid. propiolactone n. Brit. /ˌprəʊpɪə(ʊ)ˈlaktəʊn/ , U.S. /ˌproʊpioʊˈlækˌtoʊn/ a pungent, colourless, liquid β-lactone (more fully β-propiolactone), used as a disinfectant.Formula: CH₂COOCH₂. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > esters > [noun] > named oxalic ether1788 margarate1819 acrylate1843 urethane1856 tropeine1880 malonic ester1881 heavy oil of wine1882 phosphatide1884 ethanoate1892 imino-ester1897 acetylcholine1906 phaeophytin1907 phytic acid1908 propiolactone1917 silicon ester1923 methyl methacrylate1933 Tylose1934 testosterone propionate1937 filicin1941 trichothecin1948 siphonein1949 acetyl coenzyme A1950 acetyl CoA1951 1917 Chem. Abstr. 11 2577 Propiolactone..was prepd. by treating an aq. soln. of CH₂ICH₂CO₂Na with AgNO₃ and stirring the resulting ppt. for 15–25 min. 1952 Chambers's Jrnl. Apr. 255/2 Treating natural wool with a chemical called propiolactone increases its diameter and density without appreciable effect upon its surface properties. 1993 Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. 115 7389 Our results show that β-propiolactone, contrary to larger lactones, is less basic..than the corresponding aliphatic ester. propionamide n. Brit. /ˌprəʊpɪˈɒnəmʌɪd/ , U.S. /ˌproʊpiˈɑnəˌmaɪd/ the colourless, crystalline amide of propionic acid.CH₃CH₂CONH₂. ΚΠ 1857 W. A. Miller Elements Chem. III. 239 Propionamide C₆H₇NO₂, Butyramide C₈H₉NO₂, and Valeramide C₁₀H₁₁NO₂, may all be obtained by the action of ammonia upon their respective ethers. 1948 A. W. Ralston Fatty Acids viii. 602 The order of relative reactivities..decreases in the order formamide, propionamide, acetamide, caproamide, and valeramide. 1997 Limnol. & Oceanogr. 42 1548/2 Some phytoplankton may be able to use longer amides such as butyramide and propionamide. propionitrile n. Brit. /ˌprəʊpɪə(ʊ)ˈnʌɪtrʌɪl/ , /ˌprəʊpɪə(ʊ)ˈnʌɪtrᵻl/ , U.S. /ˌproʊpioʊˈnaɪtrəl/ a highly poisonous, colourless liquid with a sweetish odour, used esp. in organic synthesis; ethyl cyanide.Formula: CH₃CH₂CN. ΚΠ 1852 W. Gregory Handbk. Org. Chem. (ed. 3) 228 Propionitryle, or Cyanide of Ethyle,..is formed when propylate of ammonia is heated with anhydrous phosphoric acid. 1948 A. W. Ralston Fatty Acids viii. 634 Kinetic studies upon the alkaline hydrolysis of propionitrile indicate that the rate is dependent upon the rate of formation of the intermediate amide. 1993 Jrnl. Occupational Med. 35 577 Two workers..were overcome by fumes while treating a waste slurry into which unreacted propionitrile was discharged by mistake. propionyl n. Brit. /ˈprəʊpɪənɪl/ , /ˈprəʊpɪənʌɪl/ , U.S. /ˈproʊpiəˌnɪl/ , /ˈproʊpiəˌnil/ an acyl radical derived from propionic acid (usually attributive); formerly also called metacetyl.Formula: —C(O)CH₂CH₃. ΚΠ 1850 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 140 129 The existence of a series of bases of the formula C_nH_n+1N, i.e. bases containing formyl, acetyl, propionyl (metacetyl), butyryl, &c., appears to be still doubtful. 1922 J. J. Sudborough Bernthsen's Text-bk. Org. Chem. (new ed.) viii. 207 Its hydrochloric ester is epichlorhydrin,..isomeric with chlor-acetone and propionyl chloride. 1992 C. A. Smith & E. J. Wood Biosynthesis iii. 61 In non-ruminants..propionyl CoA is formed as an intermediate in the metabolism of methionine, valine, threonine and odd-numbered fatty acids. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < comb. form1850
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