pharosn.¹

Brit.

/ˈfɛːrɒs/, U.S.

/ˈfɛˌrɔs/,

/ˈfɛˌrɑs/

Inflections: Plural pharoses, (now rare) phari.

Forms:

α. 1500s–1600s 1800s– pharus, 1500s– pharos.

β. 1600s faro, 1600s pharo, 1600s pharoe.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin pharos.

Etymology: < classical Latin pharos, pharus lighthouse, specifically (as proper name) the lighthouse on the island of Pharos built for Ptolemy II of Egypt, in post-classical Latin also lamp, candelabrum (5th cent.) < Pharos , Pharus (ancient Greek Φάρος ), the name of an island off Alexandria (now a peninsula forming part of the city); compare Hellenistic Greek ϕάρος lighthouse. Compare Old Occitan faros (15th cent. or earlier), Spanish faro (14th cent. or earlier), Portuguese faro (15th cent.), Italian faro (a1264). With sense 1a compare earlier phare n. and the French forms cited s.v.In β forms probably after Italian faro. For early occurrences of the name of the island in English compare:1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. v. xxxi. 110 The second [island] is Pharus, which is joined to Alexandria by a bridge:..now by fires from a watch-tower saylers are directed in the night, along the coast of Ægypt.1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. xxxvi. xii. 578 A great name there is of a tower built by one of the kings of Ægypt within the Island Pharos, and it keepeth and commaundeth the haven of Alexandria.

a. A lighthouse; a beacon for directing mariners. Now archaic.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > buoys, marks, or lighthouses > [noun] > object on land or sea as guide > light beacon or lighthouse

fire towereOE

lightc1425

firehouse1450

pharec1450

pharos1550

light tower1588

lantern1601

watchtower1601

lighthouse1606

lowlight1655

sea-light1691

obeliscolychny1694

light1791

leading light1796

cage1867

flare1883

fanal-

1550 N. Smyth tr. Herodian Hist. IV. sig. Dij Towres,..with fyre on the Toppes, to direct shippes,..into their perfecte portes,..commonly called Phari.

a1552 J. Leland Itinerary (1711) IV. 62 This Towre is a Pharos to all Partes about from the Hilles.

1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 70 Lanternes or light-towers standing by haven sides..commonly called Phari.

a1665 K. Digby Jrnl. Voy. to Mediterranean (1868) 71 A sayle abovt a league to windeward of vs open of the faro.

1748 Defoe's Tour Great Brit. (ed. 4) I. 186 Dover Castle is very large, and situated upon a Rock..but the greatest Curiosity is the Pharos.

1807 J. Barlow Columbiad ix. 317 Each high pharos double flames provides.

1871 J. C. Young Mem. C. M. Young II. xvi. 233 At first he took it for a Pharo.

1929 A. Conan Doyle Maracot Deep 112 The high Pharus collapsed under the waves.

1984 F. W. P. Bolger Memories Old Home Place 63/2 This handsome pharos still continues its faithful vigil that began some 150 years ago.

b. Ancient History. In form Pharos. The lighthouse on the island of Pharos off Alexandria, built c280 b.c. for Ptolemy II of Egypt.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > buoys, marks, or lighthouses > [noun] > object on land or sea as guide > light beacon or lighthouse > specific lighthouse

pharos?1578

?1578 W. Patten Let. Entertainm. Killingwoorth 66 Az it wear the Egiptian Pharos relucent vntoo all the Alexandrian coast.

1617 F. Moryson Itinerary i. 141 A most high Tower, like to the Pharo of Alexandria, out of which light was hung out by night, to direct the ships.

1799 Naval Chron. 1 52 We saw the Pharos of Alexandria.

1989 Encycl. Brit. IX. 356/3 The Pharos was still standing in the 12th century, although by 1477 the Mamlūk sultan Qā'it Bāy was able to build a fort from its ruins.

†c. figurative. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1596 C. Fitzgeffry Sir Francis Drake sig. B2^v Fames stately Pharus, map of dignitie.

1606 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. (new ed.) ii. iv. 66 Their eyes sweet splendor seems a Pharos bright.

1679 J. Goodman Penitent Pardoned (1713) ii. i. 140 Repentance is the Pharos or watch-tower, which gives light by night to those who are bewildered by their own vanity.

1753 Ld. Chesterfield in World 3 May 110 Should you think fit to publish this my case,..I hope it may prove a useful Pharos, to deter private English families from the coasts of France.

1896 W. K. Leask James Boswell i. 14 Henry Dundas,..that Pharos of Scotland, as Lord Cockburn calls him.

2. Any conspicuous light or lamp; spec. a candelabrum. Now archaic and rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > light > artificial light > an artificial light > [noun] > lamp

lightfatOE

lampc1200

lucernec1450

pharos1759

lite1924

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > other equipment of vessel > [noun] > external lanterns lights

poop lantern1651

pharol1660

poop-light1708

top-lantern1748

pharos1759

truck-light18..

riding lamp1825

battle-lantern1830

pilot light1846

sidelight1848

riding light1861

running light1863

position light1889

smoking-lamp1889

navigation light1909

steaming light1909

spreader light1939

fanal-

the world > matter > light > artificial light > an artificial light > candle > support or holder for a candle > [noun] > candelabrum

branch1525

principal1548

candle-branch1599

lustre1682

chandelier1736

pharos1806

candelabrum1815

cluster-candlestick1859

lampadary1885

1759 W. Falconer Descr. Ninety-gun Ship 26 Her stern displays, And holds a Pharos of distinguish'd blaze.

1806 J. Lingard Antiq. Anglo-Saxon Church I. iv. 207 The pharus was a contrivance for suspending lights in the church.

1862 J. Thrupp Anglo-Saxon Home vii. 212 Above [the altars]..were suspended three rows of nine lamps in a pharus of the largest dimensions.

1870 J. R. Lowell My Study Windows (1886) 49 I could see these tiny pharoses..flash out.

1929 E. C. Thomas Lay Folks' Hist. Liturgy i. xxi. 123 The Use at Rouen..was the origin of the Sarum Use, so noticeable for its bowings and lack of genuflection and for its standard lights, phari.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	pharos
释义	pharosn.¹ Brit. /ˈfɛːrɒs/, U.S. /ˈfɛˌrɔs/, /ˈfɛˌrɑs/ Inflections: Plural pharoses, (now rare) phari. Forms: α. 1500s–1600s 1800s– pharus, 1500s– pharos. β. 1600s faro, 1600s pharo, 1600s pharoe. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin pharos. Etymology: < classical Latin pharos, pharus lighthouse, specifically (as proper name) the lighthouse on the island of Pharos built for Ptolemy II of Egypt, in post-classical Latin also lamp, candelabrum (5th cent.) < Pharos , Pharus (ancient Greek Φάρος ), the name of an island off Alexandria (now a peninsula forming part of the city); compare Hellenistic Greek ϕάρος lighthouse. Compare Old Occitan faros (15th cent. or earlier), Spanish faro (14th cent. or earlier), Portuguese faro (15th cent.), Italian faro (a1264). With sense 1a compare earlier phare n. and the French forms cited s.v.In β forms probably after Italian faro. For early occurrences of the name of the island in English compare:1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. v. xxxi. 110 The second [island] is Pharus, which is joined to Alexandria by a bridge:..now by fires from a watch-tower saylers are directed in the night, along the coast of Ægypt.1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. xxxvi. xii. 578 A great name there is of a tower built by one of the kings of Ægypt within the Island Pharos, and it keepeth and commaundeth the haven of Alexandria. 1. a. A lighthouse; a beacon for directing mariners. Now archaic. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > buoys, marks, or lighthouses > [noun] > object on land or sea as guide > light beacon or lighthouse fire towereOE lightc1425 firehouse1450 pharec1450 pharos1550 light tower1588 lantern1601 watchtower1601 lighthouse1606 lowlight1655 sea-light1691 obeliscolychny1694 light1791 leading light1796 cage1867 flare1883 fanal- 1550 N. Smyth tr. Herodian Hist. IV. sig. Dij Towres,..with fyre on the Toppes, to direct shippes,..into their perfecte portes,..commonly called Phari. a1552 J. Leland Itinerary (1711) IV. 62 This Towre is a Pharos to all Partes about from the Hilles. 1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 70 Lanternes or light-towers standing by haven sides..commonly called Phari. a1665 K. Digby Jrnl. Voy. to Mediterranean (1868) 71 A sayle abovt a league to windeward of vs open of the faro. 1748 Defoe's Tour Great Brit. (ed. 4) I. 186 Dover Castle is very large, and situated upon a Rock..but the greatest Curiosity is the Pharos. 1807 J. Barlow Columbiad ix. 317 Each high pharos double flames provides. 1871 J. C. Young Mem. C. M. Young II. xvi. 233 At first he took it for a Pharo. 1929 A. Conan Doyle Maracot Deep 112 The high Pharus collapsed under the waves. 1984 F. W. P. Bolger Memories Old Home Place 63/2 This handsome pharos still continues its faithful vigil that began some 150 years ago. b. Ancient History. In form Pharos. The lighthouse on the island of Pharos off Alexandria, built c280 b.c. for Ptolemy II of Egypt. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > buoys, marks, or lighthouses > [noun] > object on land or sea as guide > light beacon or lighthouse > specific lighthouse pharos?1578 ?1578 W. Patten Let. Entertainm. Killingwoorth 66 Az it wear the Egiptian Pharos relucent vntoo all the Alexandrian coast. 1617 F. Moryson Itinerary i. 141 A most high Tower, like to the Pharo of Alexandria, out of which light was hung out by night, to direct the ships. 1799 Naval Chron. 1 52 We saw the Pharos of Alexandria. 1989 Encycl. Brit. IX. 356/3 The Pharos was still standing in the 12th century, although by 1477 the Mamlūk sultan Qā'it Bāy was able to build a fort from its ruins. †c. figurative. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1596 C. Fitzgeffry Sir Francis Drake sig. B2^v Fames stately Pharus, map of dignitie. 1606 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. (new ed.) ii. iv. 66 Their eyes sweet splendor seems a Pharos bright. 1679 J. Goodman Penitent Pardoned (1713) ii. i. 140 Repentance is the Pharos or watch-tower, which gives light by night to those who are bewildered by their own vanity. 1753 Ld. Chesterfield in World 3 May 110 Should you think fit to publish this my case,..I hope it may prove a useful Pharos, to deter private English families from the coasts of France. 1896 W. K. Leask James Boswell i. 14 Henry Dundas,..that Pharos of Scotland, as Lord Cockburn calls him. 2. Any conspicuous light or lamp; spec. a candelabrum. Now archaic and rare. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > light > artificial light > an artificial light > [noun] > lamp lightfatOE lampc1200 lucernec1450 pharos1759 lite1924 society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > other equipment of vessel > [noun] > external lanterns lights poop lantern1651 pharol1660 poop-light1708 top-lantern1748 pharos1759 truck-light18.. riding lamp1825 battle-lantern1830 pilot light1846 sidelight1848 riding light1861 running light1863 position light1889 smoking-lamp1889 navigation light1909 steaming light1909 spreader light1939 fanal- the world > matter > light > artificial light > an artificial light > candle > support or holder for a candle > [noun] > candelabrum branch1525 principal1548 candle-branch1599 lustre1682 chandelier1736 pharos1806 candelabrum1815 cluster-candlestick1859 lampadary1885 1759 W. Falconer Descr. Ninety-gun Ship 26 Her stern displays, And holds a Pharos of distinguish'd blaze. 1806 J. Lingard Antiq. Anglo-Saxon Church I. iv. 207 The pharus was a contrivance for suspending lights in the church. 1862 J. Thrupp Anglo-Saxon Home vii. 212 Above [the altars]..were suspended three rows of nine lamps in a pharus of the largest dimensions. 1870 J. R. Lowell My Study Windows (1886) 49 I could see these tiny pharoses..flash out. 1929 E. C. Thomas Lay Folks' Hist. Liturgy i. xxi. 123 The Use at Rouen..was the origin of the Sarum Use, so noticeable for its bowings and lack of genuflection and for its standard lights, phari. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † pharosn.² Origin: A borrowing from Greek. Etymon: Greek ϕᾶρος. Etymology: < ancient Greek ϕᾶρος cloak, of unknown origin. N.E.D. (1906) gives the pronunciation as (fē^ə·rǫs) /ˈfɛərɒs/. Obsolete. rare. A cloak. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for body or trunk (and limbs) > [noun] > loose clothing > cloak, mantle, or cape rifteOE mantleeOE whittlec900 hackleeOE bratc950 reafOE capec1275 copec1275 cloakc1300 toge?a1400 caster1567 togeman1567 vinegar1699 overcloak1831 pharos1871 1871 R. Browning Balaustion 42 Suppose a rider furls a cloak About a horse's head,..he goes his gait To journey's end: then pluck the pharos off! This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2020). < n.¹1550n.²1871
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pharosn.1

† pharosn.2

pharosn.¹

† pharosn.²