pensionern.

Brit.

/ˈpɛnʃn̩ə/,

/ˈpɛnʃənə/, U.S.

/ˈpɛnʃ(ə)nər/

Forms: late Middle English pensener, late Middle English–1500s pensyoner, late Middle English–1600s pensionar, late Middle English– pensioner, 1500s pencionar, 1500s pencyoner, 1500s pesyonars (plural, transmission error), 1500s–1600s pencioner, 1500s–1700s pentioner, 1600s pensyonar; Scottish pre-1700 penchioner, pre-1700 pencionar, pre-1700 pensionare, pre-1700 pentionar, pre-1700 pentioner, pre-1700 1700s pensionar, pre-1700 1700s– pensioner. Also (in sense 3) with capital initial.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: pension n., -er suffix¹.

Etymology: < pension n. + -er suffix¹. In sense 2a after Anglo-Norman pensioner (1435 or earlier) and Middle French pencionnier person who receives a pension (1365; also as pensionier, pensionnier); compare also post-classical Latin pensionarius , pencionarius person who pays a pension (from late 10th cent.; from early 13th cent. in British sources), person who receives a pension (from 14th cent. in British and continental sources), paying scholar (1560 in a British source) Old French, Middle French, French pensionnaire pensionnaire n. In sense 4 after Dutch pensionaris (see pensionary n.¹ 2). In sense 6 probably partly after Italian pensionario (a1527 or earlier in this sense). In sense 7 partly after French pensionnaire pupil in a boarding school, person who boards in a lodging house (see pensionnaire n.).With Gentleman-Pensioner (see sense 3a) compare post-classical Latin generosus pencionarius (1573 in a British source).

I. A person who receives a pension or payment.

1. An officer who collected and kept a record of pensions (pension n. 5) in any of the Inns of Court and Chancery in London, and in the King's Inn in Dublin. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > management of money > [noun] > one who has charge of or manages money > in Inns of Court

pensioner1427

1427 in W. P. Baildon Black Bks. (Rec. Soc. Lincoln's Inn) (1897) I. 2 Nicholas Sibile, then Pensioner.

1481 in W. P. Baildon Black Bks. (Rec. Soc. Lincoln's Inn) (1897) I. 74 I reporte me to maister Lovell, at y^t tyme Pensionar.

1507 Inner Temple Rec. 9 On part to remayne in the seid chest and the other with the pencyoner.

1570 Pension Bk. Gray's Inn 1 There shalbe provided 3 dozen of sasers be the pencioner.

1651 Black Bks. Lincoln's Inn II. 393 It is ordered..that there shalbe a Pencioner yearely chosen.

1663 in E. Waterhouse Comm. Fortescue's De Laudibus Legum xlix. 544 Of these [Benchers] is one yearly chosen, which is called the Treasurer, or in some house Pensioner, who receiveth yearly the said pension money.

1903 Staple Inn & its Story 54 The pensioner, corresponding much to what we term the bursar of a college, was elected by the ancients.

1992 C. Kenny King's Inns & Kingdom of Ireland 83 Lincoln's Inn terminology was [evident in the early orders of the King's Inns]. There would be a pensioner to collect levies.

a. A person receiving regular payment or allowance from another, a dependent; a person in the pay of another, a hireling; (originally) spec. a hired soldier, a mercenary. Also figurative.Frequently depreciative in later use.With quot. 1771 cf. note s.v. pensionary n.¹ 3b.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > soldier by type of service > [noun] > receiving pay

soldiera1300

feedmanc1460

pensioner1472

pay1523

pensionary1550

society > authority > subjection > service > servant > types of servant > [noun] > hireling

hiremanc975

hirelingc1000

leȝhemannc1175

allowes1348

merchantc1384

mercenaryc1387

hiring manc1425

pensioner1472

wageling?1545

pensionary1548

hired woman1639

help1645

engagee1808

1472–3 Rolls of Parl. VI. 57/1 The said wages, fees, and rewardes of the said..Souldeours, Artificers, Pensioners and Feodaries of the said Toune of Caleys.

1532 in C. Rogers Rental Bk. Cupar-Angus (1879) I. 312 His pensionaris and kynnismen allanerly exceptit.

c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) xx. 131 Ȝe ar be cum sodiours & pensionaris to ȝour enemeis.

a1572 J. Knox Hist. Reformation Scotl. in Wks. (1846) I. 67 Many of his minȝeonis war pensionaris to preastis.

1617 in Misc. New Spalding Club (1890) I. 117 Liwetenent to his Ma. pensionaris.

1630 in tr. G. Botero Relations Famous Kingdoms World (rev. ed.) To Rdr. sig. A 3 [The French] have thought to disgrace his whole storie, by calling him a Pensioner of England, and a man hired to write by the good Rose-nobles of England.

1673 in O. Airy Essex Papers (1890) I. 76 All which gives me ground to suspect he is a Pensioner of France.

1733 A. Pope Of Use of Riches 20 In Britain's Senate he a seat obtains, And one more Pensioner St. Stephen gains.

1742 E. Young Complaint: Night the First 5 And can Eternity belong to me, Poor Pensioner on the mercies of an Hour?

1771 T. Smollett Humphry Clinker I. 243 If all the clerks of the treasury, of the secretaries, the war-office, and the admiralty, should take it in their heads to throw up their places in imitation of the great pensioner [sc. Pitt].

1798 Spirit of Public Jrnls. for 1797 198 Remedy for War. Take of Ministers of State, a large handful; Contractors, and Pensioners, as many as can be found. Place them in the front of the battle.

1814 L. Hunt Feast Poets (1815) 63 Here we have the plainest, tooth-picking acknowledgements, that Charles was a pensioner of France.

1878 B. Taylor Prince Deukalion i. i. 17 We, Earth's pensioners, Expect less bounty when her store is scant.

1892 R. L. Stevenson & L. Osbourne Wrecker xxii. 343 On the principle that he who is too proud to be a slave is usually not too modest to become a pensioner, Carthew gave him half a sovereign, and departed.

1918 Times 1 Feb. 9/3 Man's pensioners and even Nature's are feeling the stress of the war.

1990 Daily Tel. 30 Mar. 15/3 Frost's fortune makes it unlikely that he will ever be suspected of becoming a pensioner on his wife.

†b. The recipient of an ecclesiastical pension; a beneficed clergyman. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > benefice > [noun] > one who possesses

possessioner1395

incumbent1425

pensioner1500

possessionarya1533

pensionary1536

pension1544

beneficer1621

beneficiary1641

1500 in C. Innes Registrum Episcopatus Brechinensis (1856) I. 218 Maister Andro Liel thesaurer of Aberdeine and pensioner of Brechine.

1578 in D. Masson Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1880) 1st Ser. III. 22 Gif ony beneficit man or pensionare sall happin to be slayne,..the narrest qualifiit persoun of his kin sal have the presentatioun and provisioun of his benefice and gift of his pensioun.

1630 in T. Thomson Mem. Old Extent (1946) 191 The haill fewaris of land, taksmen of teindis and pensioners of the said lordship of Torphichen.

1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. vi. 347 The vivacity of some of these Pensioners is little lesse than a Miracle, they survived so long.

1715 M. Davies Εἰκων Μικρο-βιβλικὴ 152 Having espous'd one of the Countessess of Mansfield, who had been a Chanoness or Dame of the Monastery of Girrisheim, a Temporal Religious Pensioner.

1824 G. Chalmers Caledonia III. vi. viii. 664 Out of this revenue, he had to pay a vicar pensioner, who did the parochial duty.

c. A person who receives a pension or stated allowance in consideration of past services or on account of injuries received in service; a retired person who receives a pension. (Now the usual sense.)In earlier use, frequently applied to disabled soldiers and sailors of the Chelsea Royal Hospital and Greenwich Hospital; see also Chelsea pensioner n. at Chelsea n. 3, in-pensioner n. at in- prefix¹ 1a(a)(i)(2), outpensioner n.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > grants and allowances > [noun] > payment in consideration of past service > pensioner

stipendiaryc1584

outpensioner1706

pensioner1721

letterman1724

in-pensioner1761

pensionnaire1897

old age pensioner1909

1621 J. Chamberlain Let. 5 May (1939) II. 371 One of mine owne name that is a pensioner of Suttons hospitall.

1706 London Gaz. No. 4228/3 Arrears due to the Out-Pensioners..belonging to Chelsea Hospital.

1721 N. Amhurst Terræ-filius No. 44 (1754) 234 If the single article of losing an arm or a leg gives a man the precedence of Æneas, many a poor pensioner of Chelsea college hath an equal right to it with his lordship.

1776 D. Garrick Let. 5 Oct. (1963) III. 1132 A very honest poor Man of Chelsea College has foolishly apply'd..to be rais'd from a pensioner at a penny a day to a..Serjeant.

1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. xx. 408 Greyheaded old pensioners who crept about the arcades and alleys of Chelsea Hospital.

a1891 H. Melville Billy Budd vii, in Wks. (1924) XIII. 33 The same thing was personally communicated to me now more than forty years ago by an old pensioner in a cocked hat, with whom I had a most interesting talk.

1935 R. B. Plowman Boundary Rider 121 The padre already knew several pensioners..half starving in tin sheds or bag humpies.

1997 Empire Sept. 105/2 Every other Thursday we do a golden oldies film club where we let pensioners come in for a pound.

†d. A poor or destitute person maintained by charity or in a charitable institution. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > poverty > [noun] > poor person > poor person in receipt of relief

almsmanOE

beadsman?1529

almswoman1584

relievant1589

almsbasket mana1634

basket-scrambler1647

pensioner1690

pensionary1753

in-pensioner1761

pauper1775

tax-eater1818

colleger1886

soup-kitchener1907

reliefer1934

1690–1700 Order of Hospitalls sig. C The Number of children remaining and Pencioners relieved at the Cities charge.

1782 F. Burney Cecilia I. ii. iv. 222 Report soon published her liberality, and those who wished to believe it, failed not to enquire into its truth. She was soon at the head of a little band of pensioners.

1791 J. West Edmund Ironside ii. v, in Misc. Poems 163 Thy unhappy country Can furnish numbers destitute and old, Poor pensioners of icy Charity!

†3.

a. Usually in form Pensioner. A member of the body of gentlemen serving as guards or attendants to the British monarch within the royal palace; a gentleman-at-arms. Cf. gentleman-pensioner at gentleman n. Phrases 1f. Obsolete.This royal bodyguard was instituted by Henry VIII in 1509. Its members were originally called Spears or Spearmen, from 1539 Pensioners, and later Gentlemen-Pensioners or Gentlemen-at-arms.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > service > servant > retainer or follower > [noun] > armed retainer or bodyguard > gentleman at arms

pensioner1548

gentleman-pensioner1566

Gentleman at Arms1583

1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. ccxxxix The kyng rode to the last ende of the ranke where the Speares or Pencyoners stoode.

1574 J. Baret Aluearie P 224 A Pensioner, a gentilman about a prince alway ready, with his speare: a sperer.

1601 J. Stow Annales (anno 1539) 973 In the moneth of December, were appointed to wayte on the kings person 50. Gentlemen, called Pencioners or Speares, like as they were in the first yeere of the king.

1608 E. Grimeston tr. J. F. Le Petit Gen. Hist. Netherlands xiii. 932 William van Zuylen signior of Nyeuelt, Iuste Menin Pensionar of the towne of Dordrecht, Camminga of Friseland, and others.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor (1623) ii. ii. 76 Yet there has beene Earles: nay, (which is more) Pentioners.

1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) at Pensioner The Queen's Pensioners, or Gentlemen-Pensioners, a Band of Gentlemen so call'd, who are arm'd with Partisans, and attend as a Guard upon the Queen's Person in her Palace.

1737 Chamberlayne's Magnæ Britanniæ Notitia (ed. 33) ii. 231 The Band of Pensioners have the Honour to bear the King's Royal Banner.

b. gen. A member of a bodyguard; an attendant, a retainer. Also figurative. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > service > servant > retainer or follower > [noun] > armed retainer or bodyguard

wardecorpsa1330

watchmena1483

pensioner1600

trabant1617

bodyguard1703

druzhina1879

soshi1977

1600 W. Shakespeare Midsummer Night's Dream ii. i. 10 I serue the Fairy Queene,..The cowslippes tall her Pensioners bee.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 166 Iunius Valens a captaine, pensioner or centurion of the gard-souldiers about Augustus Cæsar.

1632 P. Holland tr. Xenophon Cyrupædia 173 Hereupon he draweth out of them a guard of ten thousand Pensioners, who night and day should watch..his Palace.

1645 J. Milton Il Penseroso in Poems 37 Hovering dreams The fickle Pensioners of Morpheus train.

†4. Dutch History = pensionary n.¹ 2; (in later use) spec. = pensionary n.¹ 2b. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > office > holder of office > magistrate > municipal magistrate > [noun] > chief magistrate or mayor > Dutch or Flemish

pensionary1509

borough-mastera1513

burgomaster1586

pensioner1587

burghermaster1676

society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > a or the government > head of government > [noun] > first minister of a ruler or state > prime minister of Holland

pensionary1655

pensioner1701

1587 Ld. Buckhurst Let. 26 Mar. in H. Brugmans Correspondentie van R. Dudley (1931) II. 171 Hereupon I thought good to send for the borowmasters, the pencioner and other principal persons of Flushing.

1612 in J. D. Marwick Rec. Convent. Royal Burghs Scotl. (1870) II. 364 The toun of Campheir sall be astrictet to caus thair pensionar assist and concur thairwith be his presence and travail.

1669 London Gaz. No. 428/4 The Heer Iohan de Witt Counsellor of Dordrecht, and a neer kinsman of the Pensioner of that name.

1673 W. Temple Observ. United Provinces ii. 82 The Pensioner..is a Civil-Lawyer, verst in the Customs, and Records, and Privileges of the Town, concerning which he informs the Magistracy upon occasion, and vindicates them upon disputes with other Towns.

1701 Duke of Marlborough Let. 22 July in H. L. Snyder Marlborough–Godolphin Corr. (1975) I. 8 I could not give you any account of what passed that afternoon betwine the Emperor's two envoys, the Pentioner, and myself.

1749 T. Nugent Grand Tour I. 18 The pensioner of Holland, who sits with the nobility, delivers their vote, and assists in all their deliberations.

?1780 tr. Mouchet Hist. Dict. Love I. 225 This anecdote, true or false, has been related in Flemish verse by Jacob Catz, grand pensioner of Holland.

II. A person who makes regular payments for something.

5. Cambridge University. An undergraduate student without financial support from his or her college, being neither a scholar nor a sizar. Cf. commoner n. 6a.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > learning > learner > college or university student > [noun] > one not receiving allowance

pensioner1573

commoner?a1578

1573 G. Harvey Let. 21 Mar. in Let.-bk. (1884) 3 The Pensionars were also forthwith propoundid.

?c1574 in MS BL Add. 5845 f. 179^v Item, the Monkys pay to the Bedellys in Quinquagesima Dominica, every Monke that is a Pensyoner—xxd..except that he be a Graduatt, then he shall not pay.

1588 Ld. Burghley Let. 7 May in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. (1824) 1st Ser. III. 27 Under the pain of six shillings and eight pence for everye tyme that any..Fellow, Scholer, Pensioner, or Sizer shall offende in any of the foresaid Orders.

1775 W. Mason Mem. in T. Gray Poems 3 From thence he removed to St. Peter's College, Cambridge, where he was admitted a pensioner in the year 1734.

1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) II. 111 The greater pensioners are sons of the nobility..dine with the fellows..the lesser pensioners dine with the scholars that are on the foundation, but live at their own expense.

1888 A. Dobson Goldsmith 20 He [sc. Goldsmith] had hoped to go to Trinity College as a pensioner.

1900 Cambr. Univ. Cal. 5 Orders in the several Colleges: 1. Head, 2. Fellows,..6. Scholars, 7. Pensioners, who form the great body of the Students, who pay for their commons, chambers, &c., 8. Sizars.

1960 Times 18 May 6/4 Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al-haj, Prime Minister of the Federation of Malaya, sometime pensioner of the college.

1995 F. Stubbings Bedders, Bulldogs & Bedells (rev. ed.) 26 Pensioners have long been the most numerous category of undergraduates.

†6. A person who or state which pays tribute to another. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

1590 R. Hitchcock tr. F. Sansovino Quintesence of Wit f. 60 A State..her neighbours, to haue her their freende, doo make them selues her Pencionares [It. pensionari].

1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 210 Jn the meine tyme the Britanis quha now x ȝeiris had bene pensioneris to the Scottis, quyetlie, throuch counsel of Conan..conspyre against the Scottis and Peychtes.

†7. A person who lives in a house or institution and pays for lodging and board; a boarder; spec. (in France and other European countries) a girl or woman paying for lodging in a convent or school. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabitant > temporary inhabitant > [noun] > in another's house > lodger

boarder1530

inmake1536

inmate1589

quarterer1595

commoner1598

tabler1598

by-settel1612

lodgera1616

inquilinea1641

pensioner1673

pensionnairea1794

Artful Dodger1839

paying guest1853

roomer1859

star boarder1875

pension-boarder1898

latchkey1905

PG1925

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabitant > temporary inhabitant > [noun] > in another's house > lodger > for educational purposes

sojournera1629

pensioner1673

1673 J. Dryden Assignation iv. iv. 49 We are the two new Pensioners, Laura and Violetta.

1691 A. Gavin Observ. Journy to Naples 137 All of them take in Pensioners, and there is never a Religious House, that hath not at the least Three~score or Fourscore of them.

a1722 J. Lauder Jrnls. (1900) 29 A letter..to Mr. Daillé with whom I entred pensionar about 8 dayes after I had bein in Poictiers.

1745 E. Haywood Female Spectator (1748) No. 10 II. 187 She entered into a monastery, where she still lives a pensioner.

1827 W. Scott Life Napoleon III. ii. 82 The..convent..where Josephine was..a pensioner or boarder.

Compounds

C1. General attributive, as †pensioner guide, pensioner-poverty, etc.

ΚΠ

1711–12 R. Steele Spectator No. 326. ⁋2 A Band of Pensioner-Matrons, and an old Maiden Relation.

1849 D. Wordsworth Loving & Liking in W. Wordsworth Poet. Wks. I. 290 Long may you love your pensioner mouse, Though one of a tribe that torment the house.

1856 J. Ruskin Harbours of Eng. Pref. My pensioner guide..at Greenwich Hospital.

1902 Chambers's Jrnl. July 425/1 Any trout-rod, even after a brief life spent in such a manner, might have accepted its pensioner peg on the rod-stand.

1988 J. Frame Carpathians xiv. 81 To raise funds for the old people to buy their pensioner flats.

2003 Independent 1 Sept. 6/3 The report warns that the ‘new oldies’ will be less accepting of pensioner poverty than those before them.

C2.

pensioner messenger n. British disused a pensioned ex-serviceman employed by the civil service as a messenger for a public institution.

ΚΠ

1895 Times 27 Mar. 13/5 Any Department desiring to employ a pensioner messenger might apply to the Civil Service Commission, who would arrange for the supply of suitable candidates.

1898 Daily News 22 Mar. 5/2 Wherever there are park-keepers wanted, customs watchers, prison warders, inland revenue, or pensioner messengers, there the retired soldier has his chance.

1914 Times 16 Apr. 5/3 Purely routine clerical work..can..be well done by what the report describes as a pensioner messenger class.

Pensioner Parliament n. now historical the second parliament of Charles II from 1661 to 1679, so called because of the widespread use of bribery as a means of parliamentary management.The more usual name for this Parliament is cavalier Parliament (Cavalier Parliament n. at cavalier n. and adj. Compounds).

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > governing or legislative body of a nation or community > English or British parliament > [noun] > a particular English or British parliament > specific

great Parliamentc1450

Good Parliament1580

addle parliament1614

giunto1641

junto1641

Unlearned Parliament1643

Long Parliament1646

rump?1653

Short Parliament1653

lay Parliament1655

Barebone's Parliament1657

Rump Parliament1659

Little Parliamenta1675

Long Parliament1678

Pensioner Parliament1678

Pensioned Parliament1681

Bluestocking Parliamenta1683

Pension Parliament1682

Pensionary Parliament1690

marvellous Parliament?1706

rumple1725

lack-learning Parliament1765

unreported Parliament1839

Cavalier Parliament1849

Addled Parliament1857

merciless Parliament1875

wonderful Parliament1878

nominated Parliament1898

1678 N. Luttrell Diary in Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) I. 3 It was a parliament that gave those vast summs of money, and therefore called the pensioner parliament.

1681 H. Neville Plato Redivivus 20 The Evil Counsellors, the Pensioner-Parliament, the Thorow-pac'd Judges, the Flattering Divines.

1717 Reasons against Standing Army 26 Nay, the Pensioner Parliament themselves turn'd short upon the Court.

1897 N. Amer. Rev. Jan. 127 During the Pensioner Parliament, which assembled after the Restoration, Halifax partly bossed the newly-enfranchised town of Newark.

1966 C. Hill Cent. of Revol. xiii. 220 Part at least of the increased expenditure went on bribing members as the Cavalier Parliament became the Pensioner Parliament.

1998 W. Prest Albion Ascendant ii. 45 Charles's long-awaited dissolution of the Cavalier, Long, or Pensioner Parliament in July 1679.

Derivatives

ˈpensionership n. rare †(a) the position or office of pensioner ( 1) (obsolete); (b) the state or condition of being a pensioner.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > management of money > [noun] > one who has charge of or manages money > in Inns of Court > office of

pensionership1569

1569 Pension Bk. Gray's Inn (1901) 3 Mr. Stanhope for hys dilligence used in thoffice of the pentionershipp shalbe allowed on varlett.

1876 Appletons' Jrnl. 17 June 778/3 He suggested..how the sense of my indebtedness, my pensionership, must sometimes strike me.

1990 Courier-Mail (Brisbane) (Nexis) 30 July Many pensioners are cases of genuine hardship. There are also many who have made an art form out of ‘pensionership’.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	pensioner
释义	pensionern. Brit. /ˈpɛnʃn̩ə/, /ˈpɛnʃənə/, U.S. /ˈpɛnʃ(ə)nər/ Forms: late Middle English pensener, late Middle English–1500s pensyoner, late Middle English–1600s pensionar, late Middle English– pensioner, 1500s pencionar, 1500s pencyoner, 1500s pesyonars (plural, transmission error), 1500s–1600s pencioner, 1500s–1700s pentioner, 1600s pensyonar; Scottish pre-1700 penchioner, pre-1700 pencionar, pre-1700 pensionare, pre-1700 pentionar, pre-1700 pentioner, pre-1700 1700s pensionar, pre-1700 1700s– pensioner. Also (in sense 3) with capital initial. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: pension n., -er suffix¹. Etymology: < pension n. + -er suffix¹. In sense 2a after Anglo-Norman pensioner (1435 or earlier) and Middle French pencionnier person who receives a pension (1365; also as pensionier, pensionnier); compare also post-classical Latin pensionarius , pencionarius person who pays a pension (from late 10th cent.; from early 13th cent. in British sources), person who receives a pension (from 14th cent. in British and continental sources), paying scholar (1560 in a British source) Old French, Middle French, French pensionnaire pensionnaire n. In sense 4 after Dutch pensionaris (see pensionary n.¹ 2). In sense 6 probably partly after Italian pensionario (a1527 or earlier in this sense). In sense 7 partly after French pensionnaire pupil in a boarding school, person who boards in a lodging house (see pensionnaire n.).With Gentleman-Pensioner (see sense 3a) compare post-classical Latin generosus pencionarius (1573 in a British source). I. A person who receives a pension or payment. 1. An officer who collected and kept a record of pensions (pension n. 5) in any of the Inns of Court and Chancery in London, and in the King's Inn in Dublin. Now historical. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > management of money > [noun] > one who has charge of or manages money > in Inns of Court pensioner1427 1427 in W. P. Baildon Black Bks. (Rec. Soc. Lincoln's Inn) (1897) I. 2 Nicholas Sibile, then Pensioner. 1481 in W. P. Baildon Black Bks. (Rec. Soc. Lincoln's Inn) (1897) I. 74 I reporte me to maister Lovell, at y^t tyme Pensionar. 1507 Inner Temple Rec. 9 On part to remayne in the seid chest and the other with the pencyoner. 1570 Pension Bk. Gray's Inn 1 There shalbe provided 3 dozen of sasers be the pencioner. 1651 Black Bks. Lincoln's Inn II. 393 It is ordered..that there shalbe a Pencioner yearely chosen. 1663 in E. Waterhouse Comm. Fortescue's De Laudibus Legum xlix. 544 Of these [Benchers] is one yearly chosen, which is called the Treasurer, or in some house Pensioner, who receiveth yearly the said pension money. 1903 Staple Inn & its Story 54 The pensioner, corresponding much to what we term the bursar of a college, was elected by the ancients. 1992 C. Kenny King's Inns & Kingdom of Ireland 83 Lincoln's Inn terminology was [evident in the early orders of the King's Inns]. There would be a pensioner to collect levies. 2. a. A person receiving regular payment or allowance from another, a dependent; a person in the pay of another, a hireling; (originally) spec. a hired soldier, a mercenary. Also figurative.Frequently depreciative in later use.With quot. 1771 cf. note s.v. pensionary n.¹ 3b. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > soldier by type of service > [noun] > receiving pay soldiera1300 feedmanc1460 pensioner1472 pay1523 pensionary1550 society > authority > subjection > service > servant > types of servant > [noun] > hireling hiremanc975 hirelingc1000 leȝhemannc1175 allowes1348 merchantc1384 mercenaryc1387 hiring manc1425 pensioner1472 wageling?1545 pensionary1548 hired woman1639 help1645 engagee1808 1472–3 Rolls of Parl. VI. 57/1 The said wages, fees, and rewardes of the said..Souldeours, Artificers, Pensioners and Feodaries of the said Toune of Caleys. 1532 in C. Rogers Rental Bk. Cupar-Angus (1879) I. 312 His pensionaris and kynnismen allanerly exceptit. c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) xx. 131 Ȝe ar be cum sodiours & pensionaris to ȝour enemeis. a1572 J. Knox Hist. Reformation Scotl. in Wks. (1846) I. 67 Many of his minȝeonis war pensionaris to preastis. 1617 in Misc. New Spalding Club (1890) I. 117 Liwetenent to his Ma. pensionaris. 1630 in tr. G. Botero Relations Famous Kingdoms World (rev. ed.) To Rdr. sig. A 3 [The French] have thought to disgrace his whole storie, by calling him a Pensioner of England, and a man hired to write by the good Rose-nobles of England. 1673 in O. Airy Essex Papers (1890) I. 76 All which gives me ground to suspect he is a Pensioner of France. 1733 A. Pope Of Use of Riches 20 In Britain's Senate he a seat obtains, And one more Pensioner St. Stephen gains. 1742 E. Young Complaint: Night the First 5 And can Eternity belong to me, Poor Pensioner on the mercies of an Hour? 1771 T. Smollett Humphry Clinker I. 243 If all the clerks of the treasury, of the secretaries, the war-office, and the admiralty, should take it in their heads to throw up their places in imitation of the great pensioner [sc. Pitt]. 1798 Spirit of Public Jrnls. for 1797 198 Remedy for War. Take of Ministers of State, a large handful; Contractors, and Pensioners, as many as can be found. Place them in the front of the battle. 1814 L. Hunt Feast Poets (1815) 63 Here we have the plainest, tooth-picking acknowledgements, that Charles was a pensioner of France. 1878 B. Taylor Prince Deukalion i. i. 17 We, Earth's pensioners, Expect less bounty when her store is scant. 1892 R. L. Stevenson & L. Osbourne Wrecker xxii. 343 On the principle that he who is too proud to be a slave is usually not too modest to become a pensioner, Carthew gave him half a sovereign, and departed. 1918 Times 1 Feb. 9/3 Man's pensioners and even Nature's are feeling the stress of the war. 1990 Daily Tel. 30 Mar. 15/3 Frost's fortune makes it unlikely that he will ever be suspected of becoming a pensioner on his wife. †b. The recipient of an ecclesiastical pension; a beneficed clergyman. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > benefice > [noun] > one who possesses possessioner1395 incumbent1425 pensioner1500 possessionarya1533 pensionary1536 pension1544 beneficer1621 beneficiary1641 1500 in C. Innes Registrum Episcopatus Brechinensis (1856) I. 218 Maister Andro Liel thesaurer of Aberdeine and pensioner of Brechine. 1578 in D. Masson Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1880) 1st Ser. III. 22 Gif ony beneficit man or pensionare sall happin to be slayne,..the narrest qualifiit persoun of his kin sal have the presentatioun and provisioun of his benefice and gift of his pensioun. 1630 in T. Thomson Mem. Old Extent (1946) 191 The haill fewaris of land, taksmen of teindis and pensioners of the said lordship of Torphichen. 1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. vi. 347 The vivacity of some of these Pensioners is little lesse than a Miracle, they survived so long. 1715 M. Davies Εἰκων Μικρο-βιβλικὴ 152 Having espous'd one of the Countessess of Mansfield, who had been a Chanoness or Dame of the Monastery of Girrisheim, a Temporal Religious Pensioner. 1824 G. Chalmers Caledonia III. vi. viii. 664 Out of this revenue, he had to pay a vicar pensioner, who did the parochial duty. c. A person who receives a pension or stated allowance in consideration of past services or on account of injuries received in service; a retired person who receives a pension. (Now the usual sense.)In earlier use, frequently applied to disabled soldiers and sailors of the Chelsea Royal Hospital and Greenwich Hospital; see also Chelsea pensioner n. at Chelsea n. 3, in-pensioner n. at in- prefix¹ 1a(a)(i)(2), outpensioner n. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > grants and allowances > [noun] > payment in consideration of past service > pensioner stipendiaryc1584 outpensioner1706 pensioner1721 letterman1724 in-pensioner1761 pensionnaire1897 old age pensioner1909 1621 J. Chamberlain Let. 5 May (1939) II. 371 One of mine owne name that is a pensioner of Suttons hospitall. 1706 London Gaz. No. 4228/3 Arrears due to the Out-Pensioners..belonging to Chelsea Hospital. 1721 N. Amhurst Terræ-filius No. 44 (1754) 234 If the single article of losing an arm or a leg gives a man the precedence of Æneas, many a poor pensioner of Chelsea college hath an equal right to it with his lordship. 1776 D. Garrick Let. 5 Oct. (1963) III. 1132 A very honest poor Man of Chelsea College has foolishly apply'd..to be rais'd from a pensioner at a penny a day to a..Serjeant. 1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. xx. 408 Greyheaded old pensioners who crept about the arcades and alleys of Chelsea Hospital. a1891 H. Melville Billy Budd vii, in Wks. (1924) XIII. 33 The same thing was personally communicated to me now more than forty years ago by an old pensioner in a cocked hat, with whom I had a most interesting talk. 1935 R. B. Plowman Boundary Rider 121 The padre already knew several pensioners..half starving in tin sheds or bag humpies. 1997 Empire Sept. 105/2 Every other Thursday we do a golden oldies film club where we let pensioners come in for a pound. †d. A poor or destitute person maintained by charity or in a charitable institution. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > poverty > [noun] > poor person > poor person in receipt of relief almsmanOE beadsman?1529 almswoman1584 relievant1589 almsbasket mana1634 basket-scrambler1647 pensioner1690 pensionary1753 in-pensioner1761 pauper1775 tax-eater1818 colleger1886 soup-kitchener1907 reliefer1934 1690–1700 Order of Hospitalls sig. C The Number of children remaining and Pencioners relieved at the Cities charge. 1782 F. Burney Cecilia I. ii. iv. 222 Report soon published her liberality, and those who wished to believe it, failed not to enquire into its truth. She was soon at the head of a little band of pensioners. 1791 J. West Edmund Ironside ii. v, in Misc. Poems 163 Thy unhappy country Can furnish numbers destitute and old, Poor pensioners of icy Charity! †3. a. Usually in form Pensioner. A member of the body of gentlemen serving as guards or attendants to the British monarch within the royal palace; a gentleman-at-arms. Cf. gentleman-pensioner at gentleman n. Phrases 1f. Obsolete.This royal bodyguard was instituted by Henry VIII in 1509. Its members were originally called Spears or Spearmen, from 1539 Pensioners, and later Gentlemen-Pensioners or Gentlemen-at-arms. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > service > servant > retainer or follower > [noun] > armed retainer or bodyguard > gentleman at arms pensioner1548 gentleman-pensioner1566 Gentleman at Arms1583 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. ccxxxix The kyng rode to the last ende of the ranke where the Speares or Pencyoners stoode. 1574 J. Baret Aluearie P 224 A Pensioner, a gentilman about a prince alway ready, with his speare: a sperer. 1601 J. Stow Annales (anno 1539) 973 In the moneth of December, were appointed to wayte on the kings person 50. Gentlemen, called Pencioners or Speares, like as they were in the first yeere of the king. 1608 E. Grimeston tr. J. F. Le Petit Gen. Hist. Netherlands xiii. 932 William van Zuylen signior of Nyeuelt, Iuste Menin Pensionar of the towne of Dordrecht, Camminga of Friseland, and others. a1616 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor (1623) ii. ii. 76 Yet there has beene Earles: nay, (which is more) Pentioners. 1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) at Pensioner The Queen's Pensioners, or Gentlemen-Pensioners, a Band of Gentlemen so call'd, who are arm'd with Partisans, and attend as a Guard upon the Queen's Person in her Palace. 1737 Chamberlayne's Magnæ Britanniæ Notitia (ed. 33) ii. 231 The Band of Pensioners have the Honour to bear the King's Royal Banner. b. gen. A member of a bodyguard; an attendant, a retainer. Also figurative. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > service > servant > retainer or follower > [noun] > armed retainer or bodyguard wardecorpsa1330 watchmena1483 pensioner1600 trabant1617 bodyguard1703 druzhina1879 soshi1977 1600 W. Shakespeare Midsummer Night's Dream ii. i. 10 I serue the Fairy Queene,..The cowslippes tall her Pensioners bee. View more context for this quotation 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 166 Iunius Valens a captaine, pensioner or centurion of the gard-souldiers about Augustus Cæsar. 1632 P. Holland tr. Xenophon Cyrupædia 173 Hereupon he draweth out of them a guard of ten thousand Pensioners, who night and day should watch..his Palace. 1645 J. Milton Il Penseroso in Poems 37 Hovering dreams The fickle Pensioners of Morpheus train. †4. Dutch History = pensionary n.¹ 2; (in later use) spec. = pensionary n.¹ 2b. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > authority > office > holder of office > magistrate > municipal magistrate > [noun] > chief magistrate or mayor > Dutch or Flemish pensionary1509 borough-mastera1513 burgomaster1586 pensioner1587 burghermaster1676 society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > a or the government > head of government > [noun] > first minister of a ruler or state > prime minister of Holland pensionary1655 pensioner1701 1587 Ld. Buckhurst Let. 26 Mar. in H. Brugmans Correspondentie van R. Dudley (1931) II. 171 Hereupon I thought good to send for the borowmasters, the pencioner and other principal persons of Flushing. 1612 in J. D. Marwick Rec. Convent. Royal Burghs Scotl. (1870) II. 364 The toun of Campheir sall be astrictet to caus thair pensionar assist and concur thairwith be his presence and travail. 1669 London Gaz. No. 428/4 The Heer Iohan de Witt Counsellor of Dordrecht, and a neer kinsman of the Pensioner of that name. 1673 W. Temple Observ. United Provinces ii. 82 The Pensioner..is a Civil-Lawyer, verst in the Customs, and Records, and Privileges of the Town, concerning which he informs the Magistracy upon occasion, and vindicates them upon disputes with other Towns. 1701 Duke of Marlborough Let. 22 July in H. L. Snyder Marlborough–Godolphin Corr. (1975) I. 8 I could not give you any account of what passed that afternoon betwine the Emperor's two envoys, the Pentioner, and myself. 1749 T. Nugent Grand Tour I. 18 The pensioner of Holland, who sits with the nobility, delivers their vote, and assists in all their deliberations. ?1780 tr. Mouchet Hist. Dict. Love I. 225 This anecdote, true or false, has been related in Flemish verse by Jacob Catz, grand pensioner of Holland. II. A person who makes regular payments for something. 5. Cambridge University. An undergraduate student without financial support from his or her college, being neither a scholar nor a sizar. Cf. commoner n. 6a. ΘΚΠ society > education > learning > learner > college or university student > [noun] > one not receiving allowance pensioner1573 commoner?a1578 1573 G. Harvey Let. 21 Mar. in Let.-bk. (1884) 3 The Pensionars were also forthwith propoundid. ?c1574 in MS BL Add. 5845 f. 179^v Item, the Monkys pay to the Bedellys in Quinquagesima Dominica, every Monke that is a Pensyoner—xxd..except that he be a Graduatt, then he shall not pay. 1588 Ld. Burghley Let. 7 May in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. (1824) 1st Ser. III. 27 Under the pain of six shillings and eight pence for everye tyme that any..Fellow, Scholer, Pensioner, or Sizer shall offende in any of the foresaid Orders. 1775 W. Mason Mem. in T. Gray Poems 3 From thence he removed to St. Peter's College, Cambridge, where he was admitted a pensioner in the year 1734. 1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) II. 111 The greater pensioners are sons of the nobility..dine with the fellows..the lesser pensioners dine with the scholars that are on the foundation, but live at their own expense. 1888 A. Dobson Goldsmith 20 He [sc. Goldsmith] had hoped to go to Trinity College as a pensioner. 1900 Cambr. Univ. Cal. 5 Orders in the several Colleges: 1. Head, 2. Fellows,..6. Scholars, 7. Pensioners, who form the great body of the Students, who pay for their commons, chambers, &c., 8. Sizars. 1960 Times 18 May 6/4 Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al-haj, Prime Minister of the Federation of Malaya, sometime pensioner of the college. 1995 F. Stubbings Bedders, Bulldogs & Bedells (rev. ed.) 26 Pensioners have long been the most numerous category of undergraduates. †6. A person who or state which pays tribute to another. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1590 R. Hitchcock tr. F. Sansovino Quintesence of Wit f. 60 A State..her neighbours, to haue her their freende, doo make them selues her Pencionares [It. pensionari]. 1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 210 Jn the meine tyme the Britanis quha now x ȝeiris had bene pensioneris to the Scottis, quyetlie, throuch counsel of Conan..conspyre against the Scottis and Peychtes. †7. A person who lives in a house or institution and pays for lodging and board; a boarder; spec. (in France and other European countries) a girl or woman paying for lodging in a convent or school. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabitant > temporary inhabitant > [noun] > in another's house > lodger boarder1530 inmake1536 inmate1589 quarterer1595 commoner1598 tabler1598 by-settel1612 lodgera1616 inquilinea1641 pensioner1673 pensionnairea1794 Artful Dodger1839 paying guest1853 roomer1859 star boarder1875 pension-boarder1898 latchkey1905 PG1925 society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabitant > temporary inhabitant > [noun] > in another's house > lodger > for educational purposes sojournera1629 pensioner1673 1673 J. Dryden Assignation iv. iv. 49 We are the two new Pensioners, Laura and Violetta. 1691 A. Gavin Observ. Journy to Naples 137 All of them take in Pensioners, and there is never a Religious House, that hath not at the least Three~score or Fourscore of them. a1722 J. Lauder Jrnls. (1900) 29 A letter..to Mr. Daillé with whom I entred pensionar about 8 dayes after I had bein in Poictiers. 1745 E. Haywood Female Spectator (1748) No. 10 II. 187 She entered into a monastery, where she still lives a pensioner. 1827 W. Scott Life Napoleon III. ii. 82 The..convent..where Josephine was..a pensioner or boarder. Compounds C1. General attributive, as †pensioner guide, pensioner-poverty, etc. ΚΠ 1711–12 R. Steele Spectator No. 326. ⁋2 A Band of Pensioner-Matrons, and an old Maiden Relation. 1849 D. Wordsworth Loving & Liking in W. Wordsworth Poet. Wks. I. 290 Long may you love your pensioner mouse, Though one of a tribe that torment the house. 1856 J. Ruskin Harbours of Eng. Pref. My pensioner guide..at Greenwich Hospital. 1902 Chambers's Jrnl. July 425/1 Any trout-rod, even after a brief life spent in such a manner, might have accepted its pensioner peg on the rod-stand. 1988 J. Frame Carpathians xiv. 81 To raise funds for the old people to buy their pensioner flats. 2003 Independent 1 Sept. 6/3 The report warns that the ‘new oldies’ will be less accepting of pensioner poverty than those before them. C2. pensioner messenger n. British disused a pensioned ex-serviceman employed by the civil service as a messenger for a public institution. ΚΠ 1895 Times 27 Mar. 13/5 Any Department desiring to employ a pensioner messenger might apply to the Civil Service Commission, who would arrange for the supply of suitable candidates. 1898 Daily News 22 Mar. 5/2 Wherever there are park-keepers wanted, customs watchers, prison warders, inland revenue, or pensioner messengers, there the retired soldier has his chance. 1914 Times 16 Apr. 5/3 Purely routine clerical work..can..be well done by what the report describes as a pensioner messenger class. Pensioner Parliament n. now historical the second parliament of Charles II from 1661 to 1679, so called because of the widespread use of bribery as a means of parliamentary management.The more usual name for this Parliament is cavalier Parliament (Cavalier Parliament n. at cavalier n. and adj. Compounds). ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > governing or legislative body of a nation or community > English or British parliament > [noun] > a particular English or British parliament > specific great Parliamentc1450 Good Parliament1580 addle parliament1614 giunto1641 junto1641 Unlearned Parliament1643 Long Parliament1646 rump?1653 Short Parliament1653 lay Parliament1655 Barebone's Parliament1657 Rump Parliament1659 Little Parliamenta1675 Long Parliament1678 Pensioner Parliament1678 Pensioned Parliament1681 Bluestocking Parliamenta1683 Pension Parliament1682 Pensionary Parliament1690 marvellous Parliament?1706 rumple1725 lack-learning Parliament1765 unreported Parliament1839 Cavalier Parliament1849 Addled Parliament1857 merciless Parliament1875 wonderful Parliament1878 nominated Parliament1898 1678 N. Luttrell Diary in Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) I. 3 It was a parliament that gave those vast summs of money, and therefore called the pensioner parliament. 1681 H. Neville Plato Redivivus 20 The Evil Counsellors, the Pensioner-Parliament, the Thorow-pac'd Judges, the Flattering Divines. 1717 Reasons against Standing Army 26 Nay, the Pensioner Parliament themselves turn'd short upon the Court. 1897 N. Amer. Rev. Jan. 127 During the Pensioner Parliament, which assembled after the Restoration, Halifax partly bossed the newly-enfranchised town of Newark. 1966 C. Hill Cent. of Revol. xiii. 220 Part at least of the increased expenditure went on bribing members as the Cavalier Parliament became the Pensioner Parliament. 1998 W. Prest Albion Ascendant ii. 45 Charles's long-awaited dissolution of the Cavalier, Long, or Pensioner Parliament in July 1679. Derivatives ˈpensionership n. rare †(a) the position or office of pensioner ( 1) (obsolete); (b) the state or condition of being a pensioner. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > management of money > [noun] > one who has charge of or manages money > in Inns of Court > office of pensionership1569 1569 Pension Bk. Gray's Inn (1901) 3 Mr. Stanhope for hys dilligence used in thoffice of the pentionershipp shalbe allowed on varlett. 1876 Appletons' Jrnl. 17 June 778/3 He suggested..how the sense of my indebtedness, my pensionership, must sometimes strike me. 1990 Courier-Mail (Brisbane) (Nexis) 30 July Many pensioners are cases of genuine hardship. There are also many who have made an art form out of ‘pensionership’. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1427
随便看	to row in to row in the in one boat to row in the same boat to row off to row one way and look another to row out to row over to row past one's reach to row someone up salt river to row the rounds to row to a standstill to row up to row up salt river to rub a etc up the wrong way to rub a person to the whit to rub a person to whit to rub a person up the wrong way to rub a person's nose in it to rub along to rub away to rub down to rub elbows to rub etc minds together to rub in to rub it in