| 释义 |
occupyv. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French occuper. Etymology: Irregularly < Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French occuper to take possession of, seize (1306), to fill a certain space (1314), to employ (c1360), to hold possession of (late 14th cent.), to inhabit (1530), to exercise (an employment) (1530), to fill time (1530), also reflexive, to busy oneself with (c1330) < classical Latin occupāre to seize (by force), take possession of, get hold of, to take up, fill, occupy (time or space), to employ, invest (money) < ob- ob- prefix + the same stem as capere to take, seize (see capture n.). Compare Italian occupare (a1294), Catalan ocupar (13th cent.), Portuguese ocupar (14th cent.), Spanish ocupar (1438).The ending of the English word has not been satisfactorily explained; compare Anglo-Norman occupier (late 14th cent. or earlier), which may however show the influence of the English word. Compare occupier n., which occurs earliest at the same date; it is unlikely that the -i- in the verb and the noun originates from the suffix -ier suffix. Older Scots β. forms may show independent borrowing from or remodelling after French or Latin, or may arise by analogy with syncopated inflected forms such as (3rd singular present indicative) occupis , occupys , (past tense and past participle) occupit , occupyt , occupyd ; inflected forms indicating syncopation such as (3rd singular present indicative) ocupys , (past tense or past participle) occupyd , ocupid , occuped , occupede occur also in Middle English, alongside (much commoner) forms in -ie- or -ye- . Unambiguous examples of β. forms are very rare; compare:1567 in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. ii. 2 It is not aneuch ye pure King is deid, Bot ye mischant murtheraris occupand his steid.1586 Burgh Court Perth 1 Nov. To flit & remoiff..furth and fra [the] ȝeardis..safar as they occupe thairof.a1595 W. Cullen Chron. Aberdeen in J. Stuart Misc. Spalding Club (1842) II. 54 The craiftis men..thinkand to ocupe marchandrise. With sense 4 compare classical Latin occupāre pecūniam . With sense 8 compare classical Latin occupāre amplexū (Ovid Fasti 3. 509). Throughout the 17th and most of the 18th cent., there seems to have been a general tendency to avoid this word, probably as a result of use of the word in sense 8. N.E.D. (1902) notes s.v.: ‘the disuse of this verb in the 17th and most of the 18th cent. is notable. Against 194 quots. for 16th cent., we have for 17th only 8, outside the Bible of 1611 (where it occurs 10 times), and for 18th cent. only 10, all of its last 33 years. The verb occurs only twice (equivocally) in Shakes., is entirely absent from the Concordances to Milton and Pope, is not used by Gray; all Johnson's quots., except 2, are from the Bible of 1611. It was again freely used by Cowper (13 instances in Concordance). This avoidance appears to have been due to its vulgar employment in sense 8’; and compares the following two instances:1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 ii. iv. 142 A captaine? Gods light these villaines wil make the word as odious as the word occupy, which was an excellent good worde before it was il sorted.a1637 B. Jonson De Stylo in Discov. (1640) 112 Many, out of their owne obscene Apprehensions, refuse proper and fit words; as occupie, nature, and the like. I. To employ, make use of. the world > action or operation > doing > activity or occupation > occupy or engage (a person) [verb (transitive)] a1325 Statutes of Realm in f. 80 (MED) For þe procrastinacion of þe askinde, he ne sal noȝt for iugen him þat is occupied. a1382 (Bodl. 959) 2 Paralip. xxxv. 14 In þe offrynge of brent sacrifises & talewes vn to þe nyȝt þe preestis weryn occupied. 1429 in (1904) 15 147 (MED) Ye tuisday we ocupyid us in ledyng of fyrris to ye ospital aforn. a1464 J. Capgrave (Cambr. Gg.4.12) (1983) 130 Many scoleres went away; þei þat abode were euel occupied. 1490 W. Caxton tr. (1885) xxviii. 578 Many stones..ynoughe for to ocupye at ones all the masons that were there. a1500 ( (Egerton) (1953) i. xxi. f. 16v He hath..occupied so my wittes with othir thinges. 1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria iii. ix. f. 136v They occupyed them selues in the searchinge of particular tractes and coastes. 1568 270 Traitouris, quhais lwnatick branes ar continewalie occupeit with this thair poysoun. 1604 E. Grimeston tr. J. de Acosta iii. i. 117 Then shall he truly occupie himselfe in the studie of Philosophie. 1633 W. Prynne i. 628 That the minde..might be..occupied in the service of God, in recognizing his benefits. 1739 D. Hume I. ii. 68 A man in a sound sleep, or strongly occupy'd with one thought, is insensible of time. 1782 W. Cowper Conversation in 215 Whatever subject occupy discourse. 1860 J. Tyndall i. xvi. 105 I occupied myself with my instruments. 1871 B. Jowett tr. Plato I. 78 Every one who is occupied with public affairs. a1925 H. T. Lane (1928) 189 The citizens are occupied chiefly with earning a living. 1956 H. L. Mencken 4 Some of them tried to occupy themselves by making various trivial gimcracks, but the majority simply sat with folded hands, staring into space. 1988 P. Grosskurth ii. ii. 127 He seemed uninterested in what she was telling him, and gave her the impression that his mind was occupied elsewhere. 2. society > occupation and work > working > [verb (transitive)] ?c1400 in 28 Hit is called Effraym, and there was sciens of Gemetry and masonri fyrst occupied. 1465 (1904) II. 182 Leve wylfullnesse whyche men sey ye occupye to excessifly. 1498 in J. Stuart (1844) I. 67 That nane of thame [sc. craftsmen] occupy merchandice and thar craft togidder sa that, gif thai occupy the merchandice, that thai leif thar craft. 1535 Psalms cvi[i.] 23 They that go downe to the see in shippes, & occupie their busynesse in greate waters. 1578 J. Rolland 176 All his Ingine and wit he did apply, To leir Phisick, and the same occupy. 1581 W. Stafford (1876) ii. 48 Therefore men wil the gladder occupy husbandry. 1641 in W. Chambers (1872) 105 That na..persounes..wha ar not burgessis [etc.]..preswme to vsurpe exerce and occupie..mercatis or vse of merchandice. 1660 in (1877) II. 156 No person shall..occupy any manufacture or science, till hee hath compleated 21 years of age. 1819 J. Burness 310 Gif he his trade would occupy, He might himself by that supply. 1909 9 July 4/2 The flycatchers and the warblers of several kinds, occupying their business by the water's edge. society > occupation and work > working > [verb (intransitive)] 1417 in M. Sellers (1912) I. 182 (MED) If any man come fra other cites or tounes, and will occupy here in this cite in girdelercrafte als a maister, he sall pay at his first settyng up of his shoppe x s. ?1435 in C. L. Kingsford (1905) 56 (MED) Moneday was the Octaues off Seint Edward..the which day the kyng wolde nat ocupye. c1500 (?a1475) (1896) 450 Ye seelyd my patent, Yeuyng me full power soo to occupy. 1576 in F. J. Furnivall (1920) 27 Admytted..to occupie as a master, Iourney-man, or servaunte within the said Cittie. 1618 N. Field i. i. sig. B3v I doe entertaine you, how doe you occupie?, what can you vse? 1653 T. Urquhart tr. F. Rabelais viii. 37 The Seamsters (when the point of their needles was broken) began to work and occupie with the taile. 1847 J. P. Lawson 171 Permitting their servants to occupy on the Sabbath-day, as well as on the rest of the week. †3. the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > use or make use of [verb (transitive)] 1423 in (1880) 13 562 (MED) Payde to pyrs Sowthehowsyd for..lyme that Joh. mabbe, tyler, occupijd. J. Metham (1916) 1333 (MED) A sponfful off this confeccion he myght ocupy, Yt schuld porge him. 1483 W. Caxton tr. B iij b In makyng and ocupyeng false dyse. ?1523 J. Fitzherbert f. i Than is the plogh the moost necessaryest instrument that an husband can ocupy. 1581 J. Marbeck 34 When the night is past..why should we occupie anie longer a candle. 1597 in J. H. Macadam (1903) 34 That na..owner of the saids backhousses suffer the samin to be occupyit vpon the said saboth day heerafter. 1774 C. Keith Farmer's Ha' in (1801) 50 Lasses, occupy your wheel. the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > be in use or called into use [verb (intransitive)] > make use of 1558 W. Ward tr. G. Ruscelli (1580) 52 b Occupie alwaies of this Sope, when you will washe your heade. 1558 W. Ward tr. G. Ruscelli (1568) 94 b At every time that you wyll occupye of it, styrre it well. †4. society > trade and finance > financial dealings > types of money-dealing > [verb (transitive)] > invest 1465 J. Paston in (2004) I. 137 Enquere what mony he hath reseyvid of the seid maner in my tyme, wherof the ferme is vj li. yerly, whech I suffird hym to occupie to his owne vse. 1526 W. Bonde ii. sig. Hviiiv This ryches he hath gyuen to vs as a stocke to occupy. 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane f. cxviij He commaunded that the talentes receiued should be occupied that they might be made gainfull. 1581 J. Marbeck 1075 Wee be commaunded to occupie our Lords money, and not to hide it. 1602 W. Fulbecke i. 29 If two Merchantes occupie their goods and merchandise in common to their common profite, the one of them may haue a writ of accompt against his companion. 1611 Ezek. xxvii. 9 The ancients of Gebal, and the wise men thereof were in thee thy calkers, all the ships of the sea with their mariners were in thee, to occupie thy merchandise. View more context for this quotation 1773 S. Johnson 17 May (1992) II. 32 Upon ten thousand pounds diligently occupied they may live in great plenty. society > trade and finance > [verb (intransitive)] 1525 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart II. cxi. [cvii.] 318 Berthaulte of Malygnes..occupyeth to Damas, to Cayre, and to Alexandre. 1574 in T. S. Willan (1959) 161 Merchantes to occupie and trafique into Barbarye. 1581 J. Marbeck 653 [He] gained much by occupieng with the Iewes and Christians. 1650 T. Fuller ii. v. 129 Such as occupied in her Fairs with all precious stones. II. To be in, to take possession of. 5. the mind > possession > have or possess [verb (transitive)] > occupy society > occupation and work > position or job > [verb (transitive)] society > authority > office > [verb (transitive)] > hold an office c1375 G. Chaucer 3427 This kyng was slawe And Darius occupieth his degree. c1400 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden (Tiber.) (1879) VII. 259 (MED) He huld and ocupyede þe archebyschopryche of Canturbury. c1440 (?a1400) 98 Myne ancestres ware emperours... They ocupyede þe empyre aughte score wynnttyrs. ?c1450 (?a1400) J. Wyclif (1880) 384 As þe baron..occupieþ & gouerneþ his baronrye. a1500 (a1425) (1953) 1183 (MED) Graunt me grace..to reul this place And sway to gouernn to my degre Þat I, all yff I simple be, Occupyes als presidentt By grace þat God here has me sentt. 1546 (1905–6) 57 Elspet Tailȝor, the relict of Alexander Tailȝor, to occupy the fredome of that craft. 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane f. ccclxxx You who occupie the chiefest places amongest the states of the Empire. 1602 W. Warner Epitome Hist. Eng. in (rev. ed.) 355 The Pictes..then occupying those parts which we now call the middle Marches, betwixt the English & Scots. 1755 B. Franklin Observ. conc. Increase Mankind 2 in W. Clarke In countries full settled..all Lands being occupied and improved to the Heighth; those who cannot get Land, must Labour for others that have it. 1785 W. Cowper Tirocinium in 414 Least qualified..To occupy a sacred, awful post. View more context for this quotation 1845 M. Pattison in Jan. 75 Gregory..occupied the see of Tours twenty-three years. 1845 M. Pattison in Jan. 78 The..inferior Franks..posted themselves, fully armed,..under the portico, occupying all the entrances. 1883 20 Oct. 410/2 A married woman is now to occupy the same position as her Saxon ancestress. 1910 I. 1192 Allies was appointed secretary to the Catholic poor school committee in 1853, a position which he occupied till 1890. 1988 M. Blinkhorn (BNC) 10 Indalecio Prieto occupied the Finance ministry in the Provisional Government and later the Ministry of Public Works. society > inhabiting and dwelling > [verb (transitive)] the world > space > [verb (transitive)] > occupy space a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden (St. John's Cambr.) (1869) II. 155 (MED) Bretayne was somtyme occupied [L. Occupata] wiþ Saxons. 1449 in J. A. Kingdon (1886) I. 124 Noon othir Brothirhodes nor Feleshepes to ocupye owre Halle nor noo part of owre place. 1489 c. 19 If any such owner or owners..take kepe & occupy any such house or houses & lands in his or their own hands. 1554 in J. D. Marwick (1871) II. 193 Male..of the hous now occupiit be the prouest. 1632 6 June Ane croft of land callit Sinclars croft occupeit be Alexander Reid. 1641 (new ed.) f. 10v Demaines..be all the parts of any Manor which be not in the hands of freeholders of estate or inheritance, though they be occupied by Copiholders, Lessees for yeeres or for life, as well as tenant at will. 1742 H. Fielding I. ii. xiv. 267 He occupied a small piece of Land of his own, besides which he rented a considerable deal more. 1767 W. Blackstone (new ed.) II. i. 7 By constantly occupying the same individual spot, the fruits of the earth were consumed. 1854 J. H. Newman i. i. 2 This tract..is at present occupied by civilized communities. 1881 J. Russell 5 Bemersyde House..has been occupied by the Haigs for more than seven centuries. 1926 D. H. Lawrence xvii. 281 The Bishop no longer occupied the great episcopal palace. 1960 C. Day Lewis i. 16 A photograph that after my mother's untimely death used to hang in dark corners or passages of the houses we occupied. 1988 A. Storr iv. 44 Today, cells are designed for one prisoner have to be occupied by three. the mind > possession > be in possession [verb (intransitive)] > hold possession or office society > occupation and work > position or job > [verb (intransitive)] the world > movement > absence of movement > [verb (intransitive)] > remain in one place society > inhabiting and dwelling > [verb (intransitive)] 1413 in 87 (MED) The stuwardes..schall..yef true and good accompts..of all maner receyts..bi theym reseyved..duringe the tyme they have occupyed. 1413–19 in R. W. Chambers & M. Daunt (1931) 225 (MED) These ben the Wronges, Iniuries..which that Sir Richard [and others]..that occupien for hym there han do to the kynges tenantz. 1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine 337/1 He..ordeyned an holy man to occupye in his place. 1503–4 in J. B. Paul (1900) II. 418 For mail quhair the King occupiit in his innys..lvj s. 1523 J. Fitzherbert Prol. sig. B2v The names of the lordes and tenauntes that occupy. 1535 Matt. xvii. 21 Whyle they occupied in Galile Iesus sayde vnto them [etc.]. 1642 tr. J. Perkins i. §100. 44 An assignee is..such a person who doth occupie in his own right; and a deputie such a person who doth occupie in the right of another. 6. the mind > possession > taking > taking possession > take possession of [verb (transitive)] a1382 (Bodl. 959) 2 Kings xv. 14 Heeȝeþ to gon out lest par auenture, comynge, he ocupie vs & fulfille vp on vs fallynge. ?1387 T. Wimbledon (Corpus Cambr.) (1967) 92 (MED) Fre men he makeþ bonde, and bryngeþ forþ fals wittenesse, and occupieþ dede mennys þyngis, as þey shulde neuere dye. 1463 in S. Tymms (1850) 36 I beqwethe to Thomas Heighaum the yonger my tablys of ivory... And if he wil not ocupye hem I bequethe the seid tablees to..his wyf. 1472–3 in J. Raine (1865) III. 205 (MED) Thay occupy the mony to their awn use. a1500 (c1340) R. Rolle (Univ. Oxf. 64) (1884) xvii. 6 Preoccupauerunt me laquei mortis..bifore occupid has me the snares of ded. 1548 f. lx Also dyed..the kynges chiefe chamberleyn, whose office Charles..occupied and enioyed. 1553 J. Brende tr. Q. Curtius Rufus ix. f. 181 Some occupied dartes, some speares, and other axes, and..leaped to and fro their cartes. 1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie (1895) II. 462 Quhen the Catholickis war in sik penuritie..the nobilitie occupieng thair gudes. 1614 W. Raleigh i. v. i. §2. 317 Which done, they occupied the Citie, Lands, Goods, and Wiues, of those, whom they had murdered. society > armed hostility > victory > make victorious [verb (transitive)] > occupy militarily the mind > possession > taking > taking possession > take possession of [verb (transitive)] > take (land) into occupation a1382 (Bodl. 959) Judges vii. 24 Comeþ down in to aȝen-metyng of Madyan & occupieþ [a1425 L.V. ocupie ȝe; L. occupate] þe wateris vn to Bethhara & Jordan. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus (BL Add.) f. 190 Sardus..come oute of libea wiþ grete multitude and ocupied Sardinia and ȝaf þere to his owne name. ?a1425 (?a1350) T. Castleford (1940) 19730 (MED) Þar famen þe north occupede. 1489 (a1380) J. Barbour (Adv.) i. 98 Throw his mycht till occupy Landis yat war till him marcheand. a1513 R. Fabyan (1516) I. lxxxxiiii. f. xxxvii A Saxon named Ella..slewe many Brytons..and after occupyed that Countre. 1548 f. xxvv That he would inuade or occupie the territory of hys enemies. 1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie (1895) II. 151 The Bischop sa iniuret, in a furie cumis til Edr, occupies the toune. 1609 J. Skene tr. i. 8 To compeir, and answere..vpon the principall pleie..touching the lands vnjustlie occupied be him. 1788 E. Gibbon I. v. 241 The heights had been occupied by the archers and slingers of the confederates. 1849 T. B. Macaulay II. x. 582 The Dutch had occupied Chelsea and Kensington. 1855 T. B. Macaulay IV. xviii. 205 Glencoe was to be occupied by troops. 1910 I. 448/2 Aix..was occupied by the Saracens in 731. 1961 H. MacLennan 28 The Canadian west would surely have been occupied by them..had not the ancient rights of prior exploration..bound the land to Canada. 1988 R. Christiansen iv. 156 When Napoleon occupied Warsaw, Hoffman refused to take an oath of loyalty. the mind > possession > taking > taking possession > take possession [verb (intransitive)] c1475 (c1445) R. Pecock (1921) 68 (MED) Ech man which haþ superflue goodis more þan is nede to occupie. c1540 (?a1400) 5329 My fos were so fell..Þat þai occupiet ouer all, euyn as hom list. 1862 C. Norton Prol. Creatures that dwell alone Occupy boldly. 1920 2 Sept. 9/2 The men have occupied the works in those cases where the masters have declined to run the works at a loss. 1968 6 May 43/1 The university's Hamilton Hall was the first successful target of the revolutionaries, and it was seized and occupied Tuesday. 1996 1 May 1/5 About 400 protestors from the Yami aboriginal tribe occupied a loading pier over the weekend. the world > time > spending time > spend time or allow time to pass [verb (transitive)] the world > space > place > presence > fact of taking up space > take up (space or a place) [verb (transitive)] c1384 (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Luke xiii. 7 Kitt it doun, wherto occupieth it the erthe [L. terram occupat]? c1395 G. Chaucer 64 Thanne wolde it occupie a someres day. ?a1425 (Rawl. Poet. 175) (1898) l. 578 (MED) Þe saule es gastly, and forþi It occupyes na stede bodily. c1450 (?c1400) (Cambr. Ee.4.32) (1886) 26 Alle placys were ocupied with pilgrymes and oþir men. 1548 f. xiv Lyke a cypher in algorisme that is ioyned to no figure but onely occupieth a place. ?1566 J. Alday tr. P. Boaistuau sig. S vij b If we should rehearse and declare all the singularities..I should occupy a large volume. 1591 (?a1425) Annunciation & Nativity (Huntington) in R. M. Lumiansky & D. Mill (1974) I. 114 (MED) Marye..harbour..gett wee ne maye, for great lordes of stowte araye occupye this cyttye. a1600 ( W. Stewart tr. H. Boece (1858) II. 719 My pen wald tyre..To occupie so lang ane tyme and space. 1610 J. Guillim ii. vii. 73 In the Crosse fimbriated the edges thereof doe occupie the least portion thereof. 1651 T. Hobbes iii. xxxiv. 207 The Word Body..signifieth that which..occupyeth some certain room. 1749 H. Fielding IV. x. iv. 30 She placed her chair in such a posture, as almost to occupy the whole fire. 1761 D. Hume II. xxxvii. 308 The fencing against the pains and infirmities under which he laboured occupied a great part of his time. 1839 G. Bird 369 The black cross disappearing, and leaving white spaces in the place it previously occupied. 1865 R. W. Dale xvi. 173 I shall not occupy your time with any description of the form of the sanctuary. 1871 B. Jowett in tr. Plato I. 379 The voyage..has occupied thirty days. 1898 G. B. Shaw i. 208 Two persons just now occupying the room. 1954 I. Murdoch vii. 100 Hugo's flat occupied a corner position, and was skirted on the outside by a high parapet. 1964 F. Tuohy (1965) vii. 42 Every table at the café was occupied. 1988 A. N. Wilson Forewd. 1 The modern Soviet Union, like the Empire of Catherine the Great, occupies roughly one sixth of the world's surface. †8. the world > physical sensation > sexual relations > sexual activity > engage in sexual activity with [verb (transitive)] > have sexual intercourse with ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden (Harl. 2261) (1871) III. 47 Men of Lacedemonia..wery thro the compleyntes of theire wifes beenge at home, made a decre..that thei scholde occupye [a1387(Trevisa), take; L. uti] mony men. ?1530 Suerly Her owne tayle she shulde occupy Somtyme for nede. 1546 J. Bale f. 56v As kynge Edwyne..occupyed Alfgiua hys concubyne. 1598 J. Florio Trentuno,..a punishment inflicted by ruffianly fellowes uppon raskalie whores in Italy, who..cause them to be occupide one and thirtie times by one and thirtie seuerall base raskalie companions. 1648 H. Hexham Genooten, to Lie with, or to Occupie a woman. 1683 2 To Enjoy & Occupy all from the Bawd to the Whore downward. 1719 in T. D'Urfey V. 139 For she will be occupied when others they lay still. 1811 Occupy, to occupy a woman, to have carnal knowledge of her. the world > physical sensation > sexual relations > sexual activity > engage in sexual activity [verb (intransitive)] > have sexual intercourse c1520 in F. J. Furnivall (1871) Introd. 130 To make hyme [sc. your husband] lystear to occupye with youe. 1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes in J. S. Farmer & W. E. Henley (1902) V. 86/2 A good wench, one that occupies freely. a1626 W. Rowley (1632) iii. 30 Being partners, they did Occupy long together before they were marryed. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022). <  v.a1325 |
