mattockn.

Brit.

/ˈmatək/, U.S.

/ˈmædək/

Forms: Old English matoc, Old English mattoc, Old English mattuc, Old English meottoc, Old English meottuc, Old English metoc, Old English mettic, Old English mettoc, Middle English mattokke, Middle English–1500s matock, Middle English–1500s mattok, Middle English–1500s mattoke, Middle English–1500s mattokk, Middle English–1600s matok, Middle English–1600s matoke, Middle English–1600s mattocke, 1500s mattacke, 1500s–1600s mathooke, 1500s– mattock, 1600s mattack, 1600s mattick, 1600s mattox, 1600s motthook, 1600s–1800s mathook, 1700s madog; Scottish pre-1700 mathok, pre-1700 matok, pre-1700 mattock, pre-1700 mattok, pre-1700 mattokk, pre-1700 mattow.

Origin: Of uncertain origin. Perhaps a borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin *matteūca.

Etymology: Origin uncertain. There are no Germanic cognates, and Welsh matog , Irish matóg , and Scottish Gaelic màdog are from English. Perhaps < an unattested post-classical Latin form *matteūca club, cudgel (see masuel n.). N.E.D. (1906) s.v. states ‘The ending would appear to be the diminutive suffix in Old English bulluc bullock’. However, in 1902 s.v. -ock, N.E.D. had previously stated ‘In other words (some of which, as bannock, hassock, mattock, go back to Old English.) -ock appears to be of different origin’. Interpreting the ending as a diminutive suffix would present significant difficulties: the problem would arise of identifying the base form to which the supposed ending was attached, and there is in any case no diminutive force to the word's meaning. The forms mathooke, motthook, mathook, evidently arising by folk etymology, show that the termination has not historically been understood as a diminutive suffix. A connection with numerous synonymous forms in Slavonic and Baltic languages, such as Old Church Slavonic motyka, Russian motyga (earlier motyka), Lithuanian †matikas, has been suggested, but for rejection of this see A. Bammesberger Beiträge zu einem Etymologischen Wörterbuch des Altenglischen (1979) 96–97.

a. A tool similar to a pick but with a point or chisel edge at one end of the head and an adze-like blade at the other, used for breaking up hard ground, grubbing up trees, etc.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > digging or lifting tools > [noun] > pick

mattockeOE

pickaxe1256

billc1325

pikec1330

pickc1350

peak1454

picker1481

peck1485

beele1671

pix1708

tramp-pick1813

jackass pick1874

mad mick1919

the world > food and drink > farming > tools and implements > [noun] > mattock, hoe, or hack > mattock

mattockeOE

beckc1000

twibillc1440

cabbie1653

pattock1729

two-bill1808

mat1895

eOE Épinal Gloss. (1974) 31 Lagones, mettocas.

eOE Corpus Gloss. (1890) 73/1 Ligones, meottucas.

eOE tr. Orosius Hist. (BL Add.) (1980) iv. viii. 99 Þonne het he hiene mid fyre onhætan & siþþan mid mattucun heawan.

lOE Laws: Gerefa (Corpus Cambr.) xv. 455 Mattuc, ippingiren, scear.

a1333 Gloss. W. de Bibbesworth (BL Add.) (1929) 667 (MED) A mattok [v.rr. tuybil, twybel].

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) Joel iii. 10 Bete to-gydre..ȝour pikoysis or mattokis [a1425 L.V. mattokkis] in to speris.

a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne (Harl.) 941 Mattok is a pykeys.

tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) i. 1153 (MED) Mak redy..vche needful instrument..The mattok, twibil, picoys.

a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. lxix. f. xxv He..with a Pykax or Mattoke with his owne hande breke the grounde.

c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) xxx. 93 With pykes & mattokes they brake downe a corner toure.

1520 R. Whittington Uulgaria sig. F.vii^v A man myght as soone pyke mary out of a mattok, as dryue .iij. good latyn wordes out of your fortop.

1594 W. Shakespeare Titus Andronicus iv. iii. 11 Tis you must dig with mattocke and with spade.

1613 T. Campion Relation Royall Entertainm. 185 A silvered spade..a silvered mattox.

1649 Bp. J. Taylor Great Exemplar iii. xiv. 13 Repentance..like a mattock and spade breaks away all the roughnesses of the passage.

1710 tr. C. Quillet Callipædia iv. 61 To the Plough and Mattock they prefer Bellona's Arms, the Sword, and glitt'ring Spear.

a1734 R. North Examen (1740) iii. viii. §14. 592 Spades and Mathooks.

1771 W. Robertson Hist. Amer. (1778) I. iv. 335 After digging the field with wooden mattocks, they sowed or planted it.

1848 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 9 ii. 537 Stony or gravelly, so as to require..to be pecked with a mathook or pick.

1851 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm (ed. 2) II. 652/1 The common mattock which on one arm has a horizontal cutting face, and on the other a vertical one.

1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People i. §2. 13 The debtor, unable to discharge his debt..took up the labourer's mattock.

1948 Country Life 8 Oct. 739/3 Clear the ground of surface vegetation (such as heather) with a mattock or comparable tool.

1985 J. M. Auel Mammoth Hunters xvi. 254 We use mattocks to break up the loam.

†b. Phrase to call a mattock a mattock. Cf. to call a spade a spade at spade n.¹ 2a. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1539 R. Taverner Garden of Wysdom sig. C.iiii The Macedonians..call a mattok nothyng els but a mattoke, and a spade a spade.

1542 tr. T. Bibliander Godly Consultation f. lviii^v But openly to come forth & to call a fygge a fygge & a mattocke a matocke.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

mattock-hoe n.

ΚΠ

1831 On Planting (Libr. Useful Knowl.) vi. 60 An active workman with a steel mattock-hoe will clean round the plants [etc.].

mattock planting n.

ΚΠ

1831 On Planting (Libr. Useful Knowl.) iii. 37 Mattock planting is confined chiefly to rocky ground.

mattock-hardened adj.

ΚΠ

1855 Ld. Tennyson Maud xviii. iv, in Maud & Other Poems 58 Born To labour and the mattock-harden'd hand.

C2.

mattock man n. Building a person whose job is to demolish a structure from the top down, by working at it with a mattock.

ΚΠ

1964 J. S. Scott Dict. Building 94 Demolisher or mattock man or topman or housebreaker, a skilled man who pulls down a wall by standing on top of it and breaking pieces off below him, or by pulling a loose wall with a winch and rope, or by means of a concrete breaker.

1989 Daily Nation (Nairobi) 26 July 18/1 The mattock men then come in to chip away the hard top layer of stone.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2001; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

mattockv.

Brit.

/ˈmatək/, U.S.

/ˈmædək/

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: mattock n.

Etymology: < mattock n. Compare post-classical Latin mattokare (1338 in a British source).

Now rare.

transitive. To dig with a mattock. Usually with up. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > breaking up land > break up land [verb (transitive)] > with mattock

mattock1649

society > occupation and work > industry > earth-moving, etc. > [verb (transitive)] > dig (hole, etc.) > dig with specific tool

shovel?a1500

spade1647

mattock1649

spade-trench1840

1649 W. Blith Eng. Improver xxii. 140 Prejudice..so deeply rooted, as will aske hot water to Mattock up.

1744 W. Ellis Mod. Husbandman Feb. xiii. 73 New stocked-up Ground..is, where..the Brows of Wood, next to Hedges, have been mattocked up last Winter.

1792 A. Young Trav. France 411 I have seen them..mattocking up every corner of a field where the plough could not come.

1854 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 15 ii. 274 Have all the ant-hills and hassocks mattocked up.

1989 B. Chatwin What am I doing Here 277 She..was mattocking her field while her old mother cut potato slips for planting.

Derivatives

ˈmattocking n.

ΚΠ

1840 Cottager's Man. (Libr. Useful Knowl.) 45 No plant is so much improved by deep..mattocking between the rows as the potato.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2001; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	mattock
释义	mattockn. Brit. /ˈmatək/, U.S. /ˈmædək/ Forms: Old English matoc, Old English mattoc, Old English mattuc, Old English meottoc, Old English meottuc, Old English metoc, Old English mettic, Old English mettoc, Middle English mattokke, Middle English–1500s matock, Middle English–1500s mattok, Middle English–1500s mattoke, Middle English–1500s mattokk, Middle English–1600s matok, Middle English–1600s matoke, Middle English–1600s mattocke, 1500s mattacke, 1500s–1600s mathooke, 1500s– mattock, 1600s mattack, 1600s mattick, 1600s mattox, 1600s motthook, 1600s–1800s mathook, 1700s madog; Scottish pre-1700 mathok, pre-1700 matok, pre-1700 mattock, pre-1700 mattok, pre-1700 mattokk, pre-1700 mattow. Origin: Of uncertain origin. Perhaps a borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin matteūca. Etymology: Origin uncertain. There are no Germanic cognates, and Welsh matog* , Irish matóg , and Scottish Gaelic màdog are from English. Perhaps < an unattested post-classical Latin form matteūca club, cudgel (see masuel n.). N.E.D.* (1906) s.v. states ‘The ending would appear to be the diminutive suffix in Old English bulluc bullock’. However, in 1902 s.v. -ock, N.E.D. had previously stated ‘In other words (some of which, as bannock, hassock, mattock, go back to Old English.) -ock appears to be of different origin’. Interpreting the ending as a diminutive suffix would present significant difficulties: the problem would arise of identifying the base form to which the supposed ending was attached, and there is in any case no diminutive force to the word's meaning. The forms mathooke, motthook, mathook, evidently arising by folk etymology, show that the termination has not historically been understood as a diminutive suffix. A connection with numerous synonymous forms in Slavonic and Baltic languages, such as Old Church Slavonic motyka, Russian motyga (earlier motyka), Lithuanian †matikas, has been suggested, but for rejection of this see A. Bammesberger Beiträge zu einem Etymologischen Wörterbuch des Altenglischen (1979) 96–97. a. A tool similar to a pick but with a point or chisel edge at one end of the head and an adze-like blade at the other, used for breaking up hard ground, grubbing up trees, etc. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > digging or lifting tools > [noun] > pick mattockeOE pickaxe1256 billc1325 pikec1330 pickc1350 peak1454 picker1481 peck1485 beele1671 pix1708 tramp-pick1813 jackass pick1874 mad mick1919 the world > food and drink > farming > tools and implements > [noun] > mattock, hoe, or hack > mattock mattockeOE beckc1000 twibillc1440 cabbie1653 pattock1729 two-bill1808 mat1895 eOE Épinal Gloss. (1974) 31 Lagones, mettocas. eOE Corpus Gloss. (1890) 73/1 Ligones, meottucas. eOE tr. Orosius Hist. (BL Add.) (1980) iv. viii. 99 Þonne het he hiene mid fyre onhætan & siþþan mid mattucun heawan. lOE Laws: Gerefa (Corpus Cambr.) xv. 455 Mattuc, ippingiren, scear. a1333 Gloss. W. de Bibbesworth (BL Add.) (1929) 667 (MED) A mattok [v.rr. tuybil, twybel]. c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) Joel iii. 10 Bete to-gydre..ȝour pikoysis or mattokis [a1425 L.V. mattokkis] in to speris. a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne (Harl.) 941 Mattok is a pykeys. tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) i. 1153 (MED) Mak redy..vche needful instrument..The mattok, twibil, picoys. a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. lxix. f. xxv He..with a Pykax or Mattoke with his owne hande breke the grounde. c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) xxx. 93 With pykes & mattokes they brake downe a corner toure. 1520 R. Whittington Uulgaria sig. F.vii^v A man myght as soone pyke mary out of a mattok, as dryue .iij. good latyn wordes out of your fortop. 1594 W. Shakespeare Titus Andronicus iv. iii. 11 Tis you must dig with mattocke and with spade. View more context for this quotation 1613 T. Campion Relation Royall Entertainm. 185 A silvered spade..a silvered mattox. 1649 Bp. J. Taylor Great Exemplar iii. xiv. 13 Repentance..like a mattock and spade breaks away all the roughnesses of the passage. 1710 tr. C. Quillet Callipædia iv. 61 To the Plough and Mattock they prefer Bellona's Arms, the Sword, and glitt'ring Spear. a1734 R. North Examen (1740) iii. viii. §14. 592 Spades and Mathooks. 1771 W. Robertson Hist. Amer. (1778) I. iv. 335 After digging the field with wooden mattocks, they sowed or planted it. 1848 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 9 ii. 537 Stony or gravelly, so as to require..to be pecked with a mathook or pick. 1851 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm (ed. 2) II. 652/1 The common mattock which on one arm has a horizontal cutting face, and on the other a vertical one. 1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People i. §2. 13 The debtor, unable to discharge his debt..took up the labourer's mattock. 1948 Country Life 8 Oct. 739/3 Clear the ground of surface vegetation (such as heather) with a mattock or comparable tool. 1985 J. M. Auel Mammoth Hunters xvi. 254 We use mattocks to break up the loam. †b. Phrase to call a mattock a mattock. Cf. to call a spade a spade at spade n.¹ 2a. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1539 R. Taverner Garden of Wysdom sig. C.iiii The Macedonians..call a mattok nothyng els but a mattoke, and a spade a spade. 1542 tr. T. Bibliander Godly Consultation f. lviii^v But openly to come forth & to call a fygge a fygge & a mattocke a matocke. Compounds C1. General attributive. a. mattock-hoe n. ΚΠ 1831 On Planting (Libr. Useful Knowl.) vi. 60 An active workman with a steel mattock-hoe will clean round the plants [etc.]. mattock planting n. ΚΠ 1831 On Planting (Libr. Useful Knowl.) iii. 37 Mattock planting is confined chiefly to rocky ground. b. mattock-hardened adj. ΚΠ 1855 Ld. Tennyson Maud xviii. iv, in Maud & Other Poems 58 Born To labour and the mattock-harden'd hand. C2. mattock man n. Building a person whose job is to demolish a structure from the top down, by working at it with a mattock. ΚΠ 1964 J. S. Scott Dict. Building 94 Demolisher or mattock man or topman or housebreaker, a skilled man who pulls down a wall by standing on top of it and breaking pieces off below him, or by pulling a loose wall with a winch and rope, or by means of a concrete breaker. 1989 Daily Nation (Nairobi) 26 July 18/1 The mattock men then come in to chip away the hard top layer of stone. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2001; most recently modified version published online March 2022). mattockv. Brit. /ˈmatək/, U.S. /ˈmædək/ Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: mattock n. Etymology: < mattock n. Compare post-classical Latin mattokare (1338 in a British source). Now rare. transitive. To dig with a mattock. Usually with up. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > breaking up land > break up land [verb (transitive)] > with mattock mattock1649 society > occupation and work > industry > earth-moving, etc. > [verb (transitive)] > dig (hole, etc.) > dig with specific tool shovel?a1500 spade1647 mattock1649 spade-trench1840 1649 W. Blith Eng. Improver xxii. 140 Prejudice..so deeply rooted, as will aske hot water to Mattock up. 1744 W. Ellis Mod. Husbandman Feb. xiii. 73 New stocked-up Ground..is, where..the Brows of Wood, next to Hedges, have been mattocked up last Winter. 1792 A. Young Trav. France 411 I have seen them..mattocking up every corner of a field where the plough could not come. 1854 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 15 ii. 274 Have all the ant-hills and hassocks mattocked up. 1989 B. Chatwin What am I doing Here 277 She..was mattocking her field while her old mother cut potato slips for planting. Derivatives ˈmattocking n. ΚΠ 1840 Cottager's Man. (Libr. Useful Knowl.) 45 No plant is so much improved by deep..mattocking between the rows as the potato. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2001; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.eOEv.1649
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