Manden.adj.

Brit.

/ˈmɑːndeɪ/,

/ˈmandeɪ/, U.S.

/ˈmɑnˌdeɪ/,

/ˈmænˌdeɪ/, West African English

/ˈmande/

Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Mande.

Etymology: < Mande (also Manden), the name of the traditional Manding homeland on the Upper Niger (in Manding dialects Mandeŋ, Mandẽ, or Mandiŋ; the form Mande is of limited distribution).Compare:1854 S. W. Koelle Polyglotta Africana 2 He says that all Mandén·gas originally came from Mánde. Kˉába is situate on the river Dṣˉélˉiba, and is the capital of the Mánde country.1971 C. S. Bird in C. T. Hodge Papers on Manding 15 I use the term Mande, as it is used in the oral art, to refer to the historic region located on the upper Niger, which extended roughly from Ségou in the North to Kouroussa in the south, and from the Sarakani in the east to the headwaters of the Falémé in the west. For other forms derived from the same Manding root see Mali adj. and n.³, Malinke n. and adj., Manding n. and adj., Mandingo n. and adj., Mandinka n. and adj., and Maninka n. Mande was first applied to the linguistic subfamily in German in H. Steinthal Die Mande-Neger-Sprachen psychologisch u. phonetisch betrachtet (1867). The current use was established in M. Delafosse Essai de manuel pratique de la langue mandé ou mandingue (1901).

A. n.

1. Originally: the people of the Mande region collectively. Subsequently: a group of peoples speaking languages related to that of the Mande region.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > ethnicities > peoples of Africa > peoples of West Africa > [noun]

Fulbe1623

Mandingo1623

Akani1662

Gola1670

Ashanti1705

Beninese1705

Wolof1745

Igbo1757

Susu1786

Temne1791

Mossi1819

Ibibio1822

Koranko1825

Vaia1832

Sherbro1836

Yoruba1843

Akan1849

Songhai1851

Yoruban1853

Mitshi1854

Ijo1856

Igbirra1863

Soninke1869

Efik1876

Kanuri1876

Fante1879

Malinke1883

Mande1883

Kissi1884

Nupe1885

Mende1887

Ho1890

Benin1897

Limba1902

Munchi1905

Kono1909

Senufo1911

Tallensi1920

Yakö1926

Mandinka1957

Tiv1960

Togolese1962

Loma1964

1883 R. N. Cust Sketch Mod. Langs. Afr. I. xi. 186 The Mende are Pagans and turbulent. Care must be taken to distinguish the Mende from the Mande.

1930 C. G. Seligman Races of Afr. iii. 59 The Mandingo—more correctly the Mendi or Mande—constitute one of the most important groups of French Senegal.

1952 D. Westermann & M. A. Bryan Lang. W. Afr. ii. 31 The name Mande or Mandingo is a general term applied by Europeans and others to all the tribes speaking Mande languages.

1991 R. Oliver Afr. Experience (1993) viii. 93 Among the southern Mande the ruler of a kafu was known as a mansa.

a. The language spoken by the people of Mande.Now more commonly called Manding.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > languages of the world > African languages > Niger-Kordofanian > [noun] > Niger-Congo > Mande > Mandinka

Koranko1883

Mande1883

Malinke1911

Mandinka1934

Manding1952

Maninka1964

Mandekan1977

1883 R. N. Cust Sketch Mod. Langs. Afr. I. xi. 179 Mande alias Mande-ngo, Mande-nga. It is one of the most important and extensively-used Languages in West Africa. It is the Language of a conquering Race, and has an extension beyond its natural boundaries...Steinthal points out that the final syllable [of Mande-nga] is a Suffix, which conveys the meaning of the people themselves, while their Language should properly be called Mande...The Mande Language is exhibited to us in Vocabularies by Koelle with four Dialects.

1968 G. Jackson Let. 6 Mar. in Soledad Brother (1971) 152 The oldest language is one spoken in Africa: Mande.

b. A subfamily of the Niger–Congo language family comprising about 60 languages spoken over a wide area of the western part of West Africa.

ΚΠ

1911 Encycl. Brit. XVII. 564/2 Delafosse divides the Mandingo group linguistically into three main sections: (1) the Mande-tamu, (2) the Mande-fu, and (3) the Mande-tã, according as they use for the numeral 10 the root tamu, tã or fu.

1970 P. Oliver Savannah Syncopators 112 Mandingo. Mande-speaking peoples of which the Malinke are the largest.

1991 R. Oliver Afr. Experience (1993) viii. 92 Another early example of urban development, once again from what must have been Mande-speaking country, [etc.].

B. adj.

Designating Mande as a language group; of or relating to this group.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > ethnicities > peoples of Africa > peoples of West Africa > [adjective]

Akani1686

Ashantian1705

Igbo1732

Mandingo1744

Nago1775

Temne1791

Wolof1828

Nupe1829

Kru1835

Gola1843

Mpongwe1844

Efik1849

Yoruban1853

Mossi1854

Fulbe1857

Ewe1861

Fan1861

Ibibio1862

Akan1863

Fon1864

Soninke1870

Mende1872

Ijo1883

Mande1883

Yoruba1883

Mitshi1892

Benin1893

Munchi1908

Yakö1926

Tallensi1936

Tiv1939

Limba1954

Kissi1957

Loma1957

1883 R. N. Cust Sketch Mod. Langs. Afr. I. xi. 186 They [sc. the Vei] belong to the Mande Cluster.

1911 Encycl. Brit. XVII. 565/1 The manati was the totem of the Mande group.

1952 D. Westermann & M. A. Bryan Lang. W. Afr. ii. 31 The Mande languages are spoken over a vast area extending from the Atlantic coast to the Black Volta.

1969 Liberian Stud. Jrnl. 1 25 The Kpelle, Loma, Bandi and Mende are included in the Southwestern Mande group.

1991 R. Oliver Afr. Experience (1993) x. 125 Mande migrants from the interior were carving out little kingdoms among the previously stateless ‘West Atlantic’ peoples.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	mande
释义	Manden.adj. Brit. /ˈmɑːndeɪ/, /ˈmandeɪ/, U.S. /ˈmɑnˌdeɪ/, /ˈmænˌdeɪ/, West African English /ˈmande/ Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Mande. Etymology: < Mande (also Manden), the name of the traditional Manding homeland on the Upper Niger (in Manding dialects Mandeŋ, Mandẽ, or Mandiŋ; the form Mande is of limited distribution).Compare:1854 S. W. Koelle Polyglotta Africana 2 He says that all Mandén·gas originally came from Mánde. Kˉába is situate on the river Dṣˉélˉiba, and is the capital of the Mánde country.1971 C. S. Bird in C. T. Hodge Papers on Manding 15 I use the term Mande, as it is used in the oral art, to refer to the historic region located on the upper Niger, which extended roughly from Ségou in the North to Kouroussa in the south, and from the Sarakani in the east to the headwaters of the Falémé in the west. For other forms derived from the same Manding root see Mali adj. and n.³, Malinke n. and adj., Manding n. and adj., Mandingo n. and adj., Mandinka n. and adj., and Maninka n. Mande was first applied to the linguistic subfamily in German in H. Steinthal Die Mande-Neger-Sprachen psychologisch u. phonetisch betrachtet (1867). The current use was established in M. Delafosse Essai de manuel pratique de la langue mandé ou mandingue (1901). A. n. 1. Originally: the people of the Mande region collectively. Subsequently: a group of peoples speaking languages related to that of the Mande region. ΘΚΠ the world > people > ethnicities > peoples of Africa > peoples of West Africa > [noun] Fulbe1623 Mandingo1623 Akani1662 Gola1670 Ashanti1705 Beninese1705 Wolof1745 Igbo1757 Susu1786 Temne1791 Mossi1819 Ibibio1822 Koranko1825 Vaia1832 Sherbro1836 Yoruba1843 Akan1849 Songhai1851 Yoruban1853 Mitshi1854 Ijo1856 Igbirra1863 Soninke1869 Efik1876 Kanuri1876 Fante1879 Malinke1883 Mande1883 Kissi1884 Nupe1885 Mende1887 Ho1890 Benin1897 Limba1902 Munchi1905 Kono1909 Senufo1911 Tallensi1920 Yakö1926 Mandinka1957 Tiv1960 Togolese1962 Loma1964 1883 R. N. Cust Sketch Mod. Langs. Afr. I. xi. 186 The Mende are Pagans and turbulent. Care must be taken to distinguish the Mende from the Mande. 1930 C. G. Seligman Races of Afr. iii. 59 The Mandingo—more correctly the Mendi or Mande—constitute one of the most important groups of French Senegal. 1952 D. Westermann & M. A. Bryan Lang. W. Afr. ii. 31 The name Mande or Mandingo is a general term applied by Europeans and others to all the tribes speaking Mande languages. 1991 R. Oliver Afr. Experience (1993) viii. 93 Among the southern Mande the ruler of a kafu was known as a mansa. 2. a. The language spoken by the people of Mande.Now more commonly called Manding. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > languages of the world > African languages > Niger-Kordofanian > [noun] > Niger-Congo > Mande > Mandinka Koranko1883 Mande1883 Malinke1911 Mandinka1934 Manding1952 Maninka1964 Mandekan1977 1883 R. N. Cust Sketch Mod. Langs. Afr. I. xi. 179 Mande alias Mande-ngo, Mande-nga. It is one of the most important and extensively-used Languages in West Africa. It is the Language of a conquering Race, and has an extension beyond its natural boundaries...Steinthal points out that the final syllable [of Mande-nga] is a Suffix, which conveys the meaning of the people themselves, while their Language should properly be called Mande...The Mande Language is exhibited to us in Vocabularies by Koelle with four Dialects. 1968 G. Jackson Let. 6 Mar. in Soledad Brother (1971) 152 The oldest language is one spoken in Africa: Mande. b. A subfamily of the Niger–Congo language family comprising about 60 languages spoken over a wide area of the western part of West Africa. ΚΠ 1911 Encycl. Brit. XVII. 564/2 Delafosse divides the Mandingo group linguistically into three main sections: (1) the Mande-tamu, (2) the Mande-fu, and (3) the Mande-tã, according as they use for the numeral 10 the root tamu, tã or fu. 1970 P. Oliver Savannah Syncopators 112 Mandingo. Mande-speaking peoples of which the Malinke are the largest. 1991 R. Oliver Afr. Experience (1993) viii. 92 Another early example of urban development, once again from what must have been Mande-speaking country, [etc.]. B. adj. Designating Mande as a language group; of or relating to this group. ΘΚΠ the world > people > ethnicities > peoples of Africa > peoples of West Africa > [adjective] Akani1686 Ashantian1705 Igbo1732 Mandingo1744 Nago1775 Temne1791 Wolof1828 Nupe1829 Kru1835 Gola1843 Mpongwe1844 Efik1849 Yoruban1853 Mossi1854 Fulbe1857 Ewe1861 Fan1861 Ibibio1862 Akan1863 Fon1864 Soninke1870 Mende1872 Ijo1883 Mande1883 Yoruba1883 Mitshi1892 Benin1893 Munchi1908 Yakö1926 Tallensi1936 Tiv1939 Limba1954 Kissi1957 Loma1957 1883 R. N. Cust Sketch Mod. Langs. Afr. I. xi. 186 They [sc. the Vei] belong to the Mande Cluster. 1911 Encycl. Brit. XVII. 565/1 The manati was the totem of the Mande group. 1952 D. Westermann & M. A. Bryan Lang. W. Afr. ii. 31 The Mande languages are spoken over a vast area extending from the Atlantic coast to the Black Volta. 1969 Liberian Stud. Jrnl. 1 25 The Kpelle, Loma, Bandi and Mende are included in the Southwestern Mande group. 1991 R. Oliver Afr. Experience (1993) x. 125 Mande migrants from the interior were carving out little kingdoms among the previously stateless ‘West Atlantic’ peoples. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.1883
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