automaten.adj.

Brit.

/ˈɔːtəmeɪt/, U.S.

/ˈɔdəˌmeɪt/,

/ˈɔdoʊˌmeɪt/,

/ˈɑdəˌmeɪt/,

/ˈɑdoʊˌmeɪt/

Origin: A borrowing from French. Perhaps also a borrowing from Greek. Etymons: French automate; Greek αὐτόματος.

Etymology: As noun < French automate (1611 in Cotgrave) < classical Latin automatum automaton n.; compare earlier automaton n. As adjective either < the noun, or independently < ancient Greek αὐτόματος (see automaton n.); compare French automate , adjective (1534 in Middle French in an isolated attestation, subsequently from 1681; now rare, the usual adjective being automatique automatic adj.). With use as adjective compare earlier automatic adj., automatical adj.

Now rare.

A. n.

= automaton n. (in various senses).In later use chiefly in French contexts.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > types of machine generally > [noun] > automatic > automaton or robot

self-mover1570

self-moving1570

automa1631

automatea1649

android1728

golem1732

automaton1922

robot1927

mechanoid1947

robotic1951

droid1952

bot1969

mecha1986

the world > people > person > [noun] > automaton

autom1610

automatea1751

automaton1785

martinet1853

a1649 W. Drummond Hist. James III in Wks. (1711) 61 Taken with Admiration of Watches, Clocks, Dials, Automates.

1661 J. Evelyn in tr. G. Naudé Instr. conc. Erecting of Libr. sig. A5 A Bacon, a Harvey [etc.]..who..invented the Telescope, and other opticall Glasses, Engines and Automates.

a1751 Visct. Bolingbroke Wks. (1754) III. 352 We pronounce our fellow animals to be automates, or we allow them instinct.

1790 W. Coxe Trav. Poland, Russia, Sweden & Denmark III. ix. v. 63 He [sc. Tycho Brahe] possessed several automates, and took great delight in showing them to the peasants.

1805 Earl of Aberdeen 20 Nov. in Two Duchesses (1898) (ed. 2) 250 After being made sick with an automate of a boy all last year, a girl of 7 or 8 years old is coming out this week at Covent Garden.

1996 M. Durillon et al. in M. de Bertoldi et al. Sci. Composting II. 1151 Mixing, loading, and screening operations are managed by an automate so the presence of operators on the composting plant is limited.

B. adj.

Automatic.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > types of machine generally > [adjective] > automatic

automatical1586

automatic1599

automatous1646

automatary1652

automatarian1656

automatal1682

self-acting1775

self-controlled1781

automative1794

automate1818

self-directing1831

autodynamic1869

1818 R. Southey in Q. Rev. 19 18 His scheme of a Royal Garden comprehended..artificial echos, automate and hydraulic music.

1882 Telegr. Jrnl. & Electr. Rev. 10 June 431/1 The employment of an automate apparatus, which is..so constructed that when the circuit is [etc.].

1918 Official Gaz. (U.S. Patent Office) 27 Aug. 901/2 An automate speed controller comprising a support..[and] a stem mounted upon said support.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

automatev.

Brit.

/ˈɔːtəmeɪt/, U.S.

/ˈɔdəˌmeɪt/,

/ˈɔdoʊˌmeɪt/,

/ˈɑdəˌmeɪt/,

/ˈɑdoʊˌmeɪt/

Origin: Formed within English, by back-formation. Etymons: automated adj., automation n.

Etymology: Back-formation < automated adj., automation n. Compare earlier automate n., automate adj., both of which are rare after the 19th cent., and also earlier automize v. Compare also slightly earlier automatize v. 3.

Originally U.S.

1. transitive. To convert (a process, system, or facility) to be operated by predominantly automatic equipment; to make automatic or automated (cf. earlier automated adj.).

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > business affairs > management methods or systems > adopt doctrines, methods, or management systems [verb (transitive)] > automate

robotize1927

automatize1952

automate1954

cybernate1962

1954 N.Y. Times 4 May (heading) Huge Sums to Be Spent to Automate Plants.

1956 Times 10 May 9 The adjectival form ‘automative’ provided a useful contrast with the colloquial use of the word ‘automatic’. But what of the verbal? Did one ‘automate’ or ‘automatize’?

1959 Listener 5 Nov. 762/2 In theory..management in steel has the right to automate the mills without interference.

1962 Listener 17 May 855/1 It is natural that we should try to programme, or automate, part of the teacher's work [by the use of teaching machines].

1971 Engineering Apr. 18/1 The difficulty in automating the process of assembly.

1981 Marysville (Ohio) Jrnl. Tribune 23 Apr. 1/7 The blood cell counter replaces a..manual instrument in the lab, totally automating the hematology section.

1997 New Yorker 10 Mar. 46/1 He agitated for the firm to automate its Dickensian paper system.

2003 Wall St. Jrnl. 5 Sept. a6/5 He says Tivoli's management looked into automating its roller coaster but concluded the costs were prohibitive.

2. intransitive. To change to or install automatic equipment, systems, or processes.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > types of machine generally > operate general type of machine [verb (intransitive)] > turn to automatic operation

automate1955

1955 Controller Dec. 602/2 (heading) PanAm Automates.

1962 Economist 19 May 693/1 Those days saw the country ‘automating’ considerably faster than it is doing now.

1984 USA Today 24 Sept. b2/2 ‘GM purchased a $1 billion license to automate and outsource as it sees fit,’ says MIT labor researcher Harley Shaiker.

1993 R. J. Pond Introd. Engin. Technol. (ed. 2) i. 18 The recent advent of the microprocessor..has enabled industry to automate faster than before.

2002 A. Feenberg Transforming Technol. (rev. ed.) v. 120 But in the final analysis, the main reason for automating is obvious: to cut costs [in education].

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	automate
释义	automaten.adj. Brit. /ˈɔːtəmeɪt/, U.S. /ˈɔdəˌmeɪt/, /ˈɔdoʊˌmeɪt/, /ˈɑdəˌmeɪt/, /ˈɑdoʊˌmeɪt/ Origin: A borrowing from French. Perhaps also a borrowing from Greek. Etymons: French automate; Greek αὐτόματος. Etymology: As noun < French automate (1611 in Cotgrave) < classical Latin automatum automaton n.; compare earlier automaton n. As adjective either < the noun, or independently < ancient Greek αὐτόματος (see automaton n.); compare French automate , adjective (1534 in Middle French in an isolated attestation, subsequently from 1681; now rare, the usual adjective being automatique automatic adj.). With use as adjective compare earlier automatic adj., automatical adj. Now rare. A. n. = automaton n. (in various senses).In later use chiefly in French contexts. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > types of machine generally > [noun] > automatic > automaton or robot self-mover1570 self-moving1570 automa1631 automatea1649 android1728 golem1732 automaton1922 robot1927 mechanoid1947 robotic1951 droid1952 bot1969 mecha1986 the world > people > person > [noun] > automaton autom1610 automatea1751 automaton1785 martinet1853 a1649 W. Drummond Hist. James III in Wks. (1711) 61 Taken with Admiration of Watches, Clocks, Dials, Automates. 1661 J. Evelyn in tr. G. Naudé Instr. conc. Erecting of Libr. sig. A5 A Bacon, a Harvey [etc.]..who..invented the Telescope, and other opticall Glasses, Engines and Automates. a1751 Visct. Bolingbroke Wks. (1754) III. 352 We pronounce our fellow animals to be automates, or we allow them instinct. 1790 W. Coxe Trav. Poland, Russia, Sweden & Denmark III. ix. v. 63 He [sc. Tycho Brahe] possessed several automates, and took great delight in showing them to the peasants. 1805 Earl of Aberdeen 20 Nov. in Two Duchesses (1898) (ed. 2) 250 After being made sick with an automate of a boy all last year, a girl of 7 or 8 years old is coming out this week at Covent Garden. 1996 M. Durillon et al. in M. de Bertoldi et al. Sci. Composting II. 1151 Mixing, loading, and screening operations are managed by an automate so the presence of operators on the composting plant is limited. B. adj. Automatic. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > types of machine generally > [adjective] > automatic automatical1586 automatic1599 automatous1646 automatary1652 automatarian1656 automatal1682 self-acting1775 self-controlled1781 automative1794 automate1818 self-directing1831 autodynamic1869 1818 R. Southey in Q. Rev. 19 18 His scheme of a Royal Garden comprehended..artificial echos, automate and hydraulic music. 1882 Telegr. Jrnl. & Electr. Rev. 10 June 431/1 The employment of an automate apparatus, which is..so constructed that when the circuit is [etc.]. 1918 Official Gaz. (U.S. Patent Office) 27 Aug. 901/2 An automate speed controller comprising a support..[and] a stem mounted upon said support. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021). automatev. Brit. /ˈɔːtəmeɪt/, U.S. /ˈɔdəˌmeɪt/, /ˈɔdoʊˌmeɪt/, /ˈɑdəˌmeɪt/, /ˈɑdoʊˌmeɪt/ Origin: Formed within English, by back-formation. Etymons: automated adj., automation n. Etymology: Back-formation < automated adj., automation n. Compare earlier automate n., automate adj., both of which are rare after the 19th cent., and also earlier automize v. Compare also slightly earlier automatize v. 3. Originally U.S. 1. transitive. To convert (a process, system, or facility) to be operated by predominantly automatic equipment; to make automatic or automated (cf. earlier automated adj.). ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > business affairs > management methods or systems > adopt doctrines, methods, or management systems [verb (transitive)] > automate robotize1927 automatize1952 automate1954 cybernate1962 1954 N.Y. Times 4 May (heading) Huge Sums to Be Spent to Automate Plants. 1956 Times 10 May 9 The adjectival form ‘automative’ provided a useful contrast with the colloquial use of the word ‘automatic’. But what of the verbal? Did one ‘automate’ or ‘automatize’? 1959 Listener 5 Nov. 762/2 In theory..management in steel has the right to automate the mills without interference. 1962 Listener 17 May 855/1 It is natural that we should try to programme, or automate, part of the teacher's work [by the use of teaching machines]. 1971 Engineering Apr. 18/1 The difficulty in automating the process of assembly. 1981 Marysville (Ohio) Jrnl. Tribune 23 Apr. 1/7 The blood cell counter replaces a..manual instrument in the lab, totally automating the hematology section. 1997 New Yorker 10 Mar. 46/1 He agitated for the firm to automate its Dickensian paper system. 2003 Wall St. Jrnl. 5 Sept. a6/5 He says Tivoli's management looked into automating its roller coaster but concluded the costs were prohibitive. 2. intransitive. To change to or install automatic equipment, systems, or processes. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > types of machine generally > operate general type of machine [verb (intransitive)] > turn to automatic operation automate1955 1955 Controller Dec. 602/2 (heading) PanAm Automates. 1962 Economist 19 May 693/1 Those days saw the country ‘automating’ considerably faster than it is doing now. 1984 USA Today 24 Sept. b2/2 ‘GM purchased a $1 billion license to automate and outsource as it sees fit,’ says MIT labor researcher Harley Shaiker. 1993 R. J. Pond Introd. Engin. Technol. (ed. 2) i. 18 The recent advent of the microprocessor..has enabled industry to automate faster than before. 2002 A. Feenberg Transforming Technol. (rev. ed.) v. 120 But in the final analysis, the main reason for automating is obvious: to cut costs [in education]. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.adj.a1649v.1954
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