ma'amn.¹

Brit.

/mam/,

/mɑːm/, U.S.

/mæm/,

/mɑm/

Forms:

α. 1600s– ma'am, 1600s– mam, 1900s– maam, 1900s– ma'm, 1900s– mawm.

β. 1600s mame.

γ. 1700s– mem, 1800s– mim.

δ. 1800s– mum, 1900s– mom (U.S. regional).

ε. 1800s– 'm.

See also marm n.

Origin: Formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymon: madam n.

Etymology: Shortened < madam n. The γ, δ, and ε forms represent pronunciations formerly common in British regional usage and in the speech of domestic staff and others of similar status; such forms and pronunciations are also well attested in U.S. regional use, especially in yes ma'am (see yessum adv.) and no ma'am , and as the second element in schoolmarm n. Compare marm n.Buckingham Palace protocol (c1990) directed that ‘the Queen should be addressed as “Ma'am” (to rhyme with jam).’

a. Madam.Now only used parenthetically or at the end of a sentence. Formerly the ordinary respectful form of address to a woman (originally only to a married woman) of equal or superior rank or station (unless entitled to be called ‘my lady’), and still common in this context in North America and South Africa. In British and Australian English its use is now largely confined to the addressing of a female member of royalty or a female superior officer in the armed forces or the police force. In 1936, R. W. Chapman ( S.P.E. Tract ii. 241) observed that ‘Except to royal persons, the contraction (whether mahm or măm) seems to be going out.’

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > courtesy > courteous forms of address or title > [noun] > for woman

mistress?a1425

your (also occasionally thy) mistress-ship?1461

sir1578

goodwife1593

metresse1600

metreza1604

sirrah1604

mistershipa1616

Mrsa1637

ma'am1671

citess1793

Mis'1835

mem1890

α.

1671 J. Dryden Evening's Love iii. 33 Madam me no Madam, but learn to retrench your words; and say Mam; as yes Mam, and no Mam, as other Ladies Women do. Madam! 'tis a year in pronouncing.

1765 S. Foote Commissary i. 5 Indeed, ma'am, you'll kill yourself.

1826 A. N. Royall Sketches Hist., Life, & Manners U.S. 121 Yes mawm, no mawm.

1838 C. Dickens Oliver Twist I. xvii. 275 Mrs. Mann, ma'am, good morning!

1854 C. Dickens Hard Times i. xvi. 123 ‘Mrs. Sparsit ma'am,’ said Mr. Bounderby, ‘I am going to astonish you.’

1862 L. M. Alcott Jrnl. Dec. in E. D. Cheney L. M. Alcott (1889) vii. 141 You are real motherly, ma'am.

1900 Speaker 23 June 324/2 In Thackeray's time every man among equals of a certain refinement was Sir, and every woman Ma'am.

1952 J. C. Smuts, Jr. Jan Christian Smuts xlix. 279 I remember him glancing at his watch and saying to the Queen at Windsor Castle.., ‘Would it be possible, Mam, for us to listen to the wireless news?’

1969 Listener 5 June 805/3 Beaming down from the cover, Dylan looks set for a rustic flourish of his cap and a ‘Howdy, mam?’

1983 J. Hennessy Torvill & Dean 105 You walk up and bow, or curtsey, and call the Queen Ma'am.

1987 M. Collins Angel iv. 70 I get tired..saying yes Maam all the time.

β. 1697 J. Vanbrugh Æsop v. 68 Gad take my Soul, Mame, I hope I shall please you now... If your Ladyship please, Mame; I'll wait upon you to take the Air.γ. 1700 W. Congreve Way of World ii. i. 26 Minc. O Mem, your Laship staid to peruse a Pecquet of Letters.1841 C. Dickens Barnaby Rudge xix. 41 ‘Here's master, mim,’ said Miggs. ‘Oh, what a happiness it is when man and wife come round again!’1854 B. P. Shillaber Life & Sayings Mrs. Partington 47 ‘This is grand weather, mem, for poor people’ said Mr. Tigh, the rich neighbor of Mrs. Partington.1867 Good-wife at Home i. 5 Eh! Dear be here, mem, is this you, In sic a byous day?1876 E. B. Ramsay Reminisc. Sc. Life (ed. 21) iv. 78 Then I canna engadge wi' ye, mem; for 'deed I wadna gie the crack i' the kirkyard for a' the sermon.1877 G. MacDonald Marquis of Lossie III. ix. 161 But, mem,..I canna lee.1887 G. G. Green Gordonhaven xi. 104 ‘What have you been doing?’ ‘Nothing, mem’.1922 J. Buchan Huntingtower (1956) x. 148 Mrs Morran looked once at Saskia and then..curtseyed. ‘I'm proud to see ye here, Mem.’δ. 1847 A. Brontë Agnes Grey xi. 177 For you know mum, he's now't at all to live on, but what he gets fra' th' rector.1866 A. Trollope Belton Estate III. vi. 159 The gentleman..was shown up with all the ceremony of which Mrs. Bunce was capable. ‘Here he be, mum.’1885 ‘F. Anstey’ Tinted Venus 116 ‘Dear me, mum, you don't say so!’ exclaimed Leander.1973 S. Cohen Diane Game (1974) vi. 62 It's me, mum... Are you having dinner in?ε. 1864 J. S. Le Fanu Uncle Silas I. iv. 37 He bowed gravely, with a: ‘Yes, 'm—shall, 'm.’1876 T. Hardy Hand of Ethelberta III. xlv. 219 Mis'ess says she is afraid you won't have your things to-night, 'm.1905 B. Potter Tale of Mrs. Tiggy-winkle 33 The little person made a bob-curtsey—‘Oh yes, if you please'm; my name is Mrs. Tiggy-Winkle.’1933 E. A. Robertson Ordinary Families vii. 140 Her submissive ‘Yes 'm’ and ‘No, miss’.1945 in B. A. Botkin Treasury Southern Folklore (1949) ii. iv. 352 Mr. Linktum come down. Yes'm, Mr. Abe Linktum and his partner, Horace Greeley, comed down.

†b. Prefixed to a surname. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social class > nobility > title > title or form of address for persons of rank > [noun] > for woman of rank > for married woman of rank

madam1679

ma'am1815

marm1825

maum1835

marm1837

1815 W. H. Ireland Scribbleomania 148 As females can manage their lords in this realm, I shall station, as steerswoman, famous Ma'am Helme.

1834 ‘C. Packard’ Recoll. Housekeeper 12 Ma'am Bridge was sudsing the clothes in a tub before her.

1879 E. Dowden Southey i. 5 Ma'am Powell..with her lashless eyes gorgonized the new pupil.

c. wham, bam, thank you ma'am: see wham-bam adv.

2. A person addressed as ‘ma'am’; a married woman; a woman schoolteacher (U.S.). Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > married person > married woman > [noun]

damec1330

matrona1393

feme sole1600

feme covert1602

lucky1629

ma'am1765

marm1865

1765 Meretriciad (ed. 6) 43 Or when Mam walks, he, twenty steps behind.

1781 R. B. Sheridan Critic i. i Then to be continually alarmed with misses and ma'ams piping hysteric changes on Juliets, and Dorindas.

1834 J. Galt in Fraser's Mag. Aug. 159/2 All the afternoon the scholars had for play, while the Mem was known to be..setting her house in order.

1940 H. L. Mencken Happy Days 14 I encountered a ma'm in horn-rimmed spectacles teaching a gang of little girls ring-around-a-rosy.

Compounds

† ma'am-school n. Obsolete rare = dame-school n. at dame n. Compounds.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > place of education > school > [noun] > primary school

under-school1629

primer schoola1680

proseminary1774

primary school1792

dame-schoola1817

pettya1827

ma'am-school1838

elementary school1841

primary1851

prep school1862

minding-school1864

junior school1871

tother school1881

marm school1889

preparatory1904

terakoya1909

prep1924

prepper1956

1838 Visitor Oct. 368/1 [She] has long been famous as the mistress of a dame, or as it is called in our neighbourhood, a ma'am school.

1857 S. G. Goodrich Recoll. Lifetime I. iv. 39 I found a girl..keeping a ma'am-school for about twenty scholars.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	maam
释义	ma'amn.¹ Brit. /mam/, /mɑːm/, U.S. /mæm/, /mɑm/ Forms: α. 1600s– ma'am, 1600s– mam, 1900s– maam, 1900s– ma'm, 1900s– mawm. β. 1600s mame. γ. 1700s– mem, 1800s– mim. δ. 1800s– mum, 1900s– mom (U.S. regional). ε. 1800s– 'm. See also marm n. Origin: Formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymon: madam n. Etymology: Shortened < madam n. The γ, δ, and ε forms represent pronunciations formerly common in British regional usage and in the speech of domestic staff and others of similar status; such forms and pronunciations are also well attested in U.S. regional use, especially in yes ma'am (see yessum adv.) and no ma'am , and as the second element in schoolmarm n. Compare marm n.Buckingham Palace protocol (c1990) directed that ‘the Queen should be addressed as “Ma'am” (to rhyme with jam).’ 1. a. Madam.Now only used parenthetically or at the end of a sentence. Formerly the ordinary respectful form of address to a woman (originally only to a married woman) of equal or superior rank or station (unless entitled to be called ‘my lady’), and still common in this context in North America and South Africa. In British and Australian English its use is now largely confined to the addressing of a female member of royalty or a female superior officer in the armed forces or the police force. In 1936, R. W. Chapman ( S.P.E. Tract ii. 241) observed that ‘Except to royal persons, the contraction (whether mahm or măm) seems to be going out.’ ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > courtesy > courteous forms of address or title > [noun] > for woman mistress?a1425 your (also occasionally thy) mistress-ship?1461 sir1578 goodwife1593 metresse1600 metreza1604 sirrah1604 mistershipa1616 Mrsa1637 ma'am1671 citess1793 Mis'1835 mem1890 α. 1671 J. Dryden Evening's Love iii. 33 Madam me no Madam, but learn to retrench your words; and say Mam; as yes Mam, and no Mam, as other Ladies Women do. Madam! 'tis a year in pronouncing. 1765 S. Foote Commissary i. 5 Indeed, ma'am, you'll kill yourself. 1826 A. N. Royall Sketches Hist., Life, & Manners U.S. 121 Yes mawm, no mawm. 1838 C. Dickens Oliver Twist I. xvii. 275 Mrs. Mann, ma'am, good morning! 1854 C. Dickens Hard Times i. xvi. 123 ‘Mrs. Sparsit ma'am,’ said Mr. Bounderby, ‘I am going to astonish you.’ 1862 L. M. Alcott Jrnl. Dec. in E. D. Cheney L. M. Alcott (1889) vii. 141 You are real motherly, ma'am. 1900 Speaker 23 June 324/2 In Thackeray's time every man among equals of a certain refinement was Sir, and every woman Ma'am. 1952 J. C. Smuts, Jr. Jan Christian Smuts xlix. 279 I remember him glancing at his watch and saying to the Queen at Windsor Castle.., ‘Would it be possible, Mam, for us to listen to the wireless news?’ 1969 Listener 5 June 805/3 Beaming down from the cover, Dylan looks set for a rustic flourish of his cap and a ‘Howdy, mam?’ 1983 J. Hennessy Torvill & Dean 105 You walk up and bow, or curtsey, and call the Queen Ma'am. 1987 M. Collins Angel iv. 70 I get tired..saying yes Maam all the time. β. 1697 J. Vanbrugh Æsop v. 68 Gad take my Soul, Mame, I hope I shall please you now... If your Ladyship please, Mame; I'll wait upon you to take the Air.γ. 1700 W. Congreve Way of World ii. i. 26 Minc. O Mem, your Laship staid to peruse a Pecquet of Letters.1841 C. Dickens Barnaby Rudge xix. 41 ‘Here's master, mim,’ said Miggs. ‘Oh, what a happiness it is when man and wife come round again!’1854 B. P. Shillaber Life & Sayings Mrs. Partington 47 ‘This is grand weather, mem, for poor people’ said Mr. Tigh, the rich neighbor of Mrs. Partington.1867 Good-wife at Home i. 5 Eh! Dear be here, mem, is this you, In sic a byous day?1876 E. B. Ramsay Reminisc. Sc. Life (ed. 21) iv. 78 Then I canna engadge wi' ye, mem; for 'deed I wadna gie the crack i' the kirkyard for a' the sermon.1877 G. MacDonald Marquis of Lossie III. ix. 161 But, mem,..I canna lee.1887 G. G. Green Gordonhaven xi. 104 ‘What have you been doing?’ ‘Nothing, mem’.1922 J. Buchan Huntingtower (1956) x. 148 Mrs Morran looked once at Saskia and then..curtseyed. ‘I'm proud to see ye here, Mem.’δ. 1847 A. Brontë Agnes Grey xi. 177 For you know mum, he's now't at all to live on, but what he gets fra' th' rector.1866 A. Trollope Belton Estate III. vi. 159 The gentleman..was shown up with all the ceremony of which Mrs. Bunce was capable. ‘Here he be, mum.’1885 ‘F. Anstey’ Tinted Venus 116 ‘Dear me, mum, you don't say so!’ exclaimed Leander.1973 S. Cohen Diane Game (1974) vi. 62 It's me, mum... Are you having dinner in?ε. 1864 J. S. Le Fanu Uncle Silas I. iv. 37 He bowed gravely, with a: ‘Yes, 'm—shall, 'm.’1876 T. Hardy Hand of Ethelberta III. xlv. 219 Mis'ess says she is afraid you won't have your things to-night, 'm.1905 B. Potter Tale of Mrs. Tiggy-winkle 33 The little person made a bob-curtsey—‘Oh yes, if you please'm; my name is Mrs. Tiggy-Winkle.’1933 E. A. Robertson Ordinary Families vii. 140 Her submissive ‘Yes 'm’ and ‘No, miss’.1945 in B. A. Botkin Treasury Southern Folklore (1949) ii. iv. 352 Mr. Linktum come down. Yes'm, Mr. Abe Linktum and his partner, Horace Greeley, comed down. †b. Prefixed to a surname. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social class > nobility > title > title or form of address for persons of rank > [noun] > for woman of rank > for married woman of rank madam1679 ma'am1815 marm1825 maum1835 marm1837 1815 W. H. Ireland Scribbleomania 148 As females can manage their lords in this realm, I shall station, as steerswoman, famous Ma'am Helme. 1834 ‘C. Packard’ Recoll. Housekeeper 12 Ma'am Bridge was sudsing the clothes in a tub before her. 1879 E. Dowden Southey i. 5 Ma'am Powell..with her lashless eyes gorgonized the new pupil. c. wham, bam, thank you ma'am: see wham-bam adv. 2. A person addressed as ‘ma'am’; a married woman; a woman schoolteacher (U.S.). Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > married person > married woman > [noun] damec1330 matrona1393 feme sole1600 feme covert1602 lucky1629 ma'am1765 marm1865 1765 Meretriciad (ed. 6) 43 Or when Mam walks, he, twenty steps behind. 1781 R. B. Sheridan Critic i. i Then to be continually alarmed with misses and ma'ams piping hysteric changes on Juliets, and Dorindas. 1834 J. Galt in Fraser's Mag. Aug. 159/2 All the afternoon the scholars had for play, while the Mem was known to be..setting her house in order. 1940 H. L. Mencken Happy Days 14 I encountered a ma'm in horn-rimmed spectacles teaching a gang of little girls ring-around-a-rosy. Compounds † ma'am-school n. Obsolete rare = dame-school n. at dame n. Compounds. ΘΚΠ society > education > place of education > school > [noun] > primary school under-school1629 primer schoola1680 proseminary1774 primary school1792 dame-schoola1817 pettya1827 ma'am-school1838 elementary school1841 primary1851 prep school1862 minding-school1864 junior school1871 tother school1881 marm school1889 preparatory1904 terakoya1909 prep1924 prepper1956 1838 Visitor Oct. 368/1 [She] has long been famous as the mistress of a dame, or as it is called in our neighbourhood, a ma'am school. 1857 S. G. Goodrich Recoll. Lifetime I. iv. 39 I found a girl..keeping a ma'am-school for about twenty scholars. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022). maamn.² Brit. /mɑːm/, U.S. /mɑm/ Origin: A borrowing from Arawak. Etymon: Arawak mamu. Etymology: < Arawak mamu. Ornithology. In Guyana: a tinamou. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > superorder Ratitae (flightless) > [noun] > member of family Tinamidae tinamou1783 maam1825 martineta1872 partridge1890 1825 C. Waterton Wanderings in S. Amer. 23 The forest contains an abundance of..maams, maroudis and waracabas. 1825 C. Waterton Wanderings in S. Amer. 32 The maam sends forth its plaintive note. 1918 C. W. Beebe Jungle Peace (1919) viii. 187 Outside he had deposited the coarser game intended for the mess, consisting..of a small deer, a tinamou or maam and two agoutis. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022). ma'amv. Brit. /mam/, /mɑːm/, U.S. /mæm/, /mɑm/ Forms: see ma'am n.¹ Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: ma'am n.¹ Etymology: < ma'am n.¹ colloquial. transitive. To address (a woman) as ‘ma'am’. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > courtesy > courteous forms of address or title > address with courteous title [verb (transitive)] > address a woman madam1622 bemadam1630 good woman1776 ma'am1813 miss1824 missis1839 1813 Sketches of Character (ed. 2) I. 121 You should not ‘sir’ and ‘ma'am’ people as you do, unless you wish to keep them at a distance. 1887 G. R. Sims Mary Jane's Mem. 6 Don't ma'am me—I'm a miss. 1889 H. Johnston Chron. Glenbuckie v. 58 ‘Indeed, mem’... ‘Ye needna' “mem” me..I'm a common body like yoursel’. 1943 B. Bandel Let. 11 Apr. in S. J. Bugbee Officer & Lady (2004) 78 The two young recruiting officers there greeted me, ‘ma'amed’ me, took me to dinner. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹1671n.²1825v.1813
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ma'amn.1

Compounds

maamn.2

ma'amv.

ma'amn.¹

maamn.²