Ponticadj.¹n.¹

Brit.

/ˈpɒntɪk/, U.S.

/ˈpɑn(t)ɪk/

Forms: late Middle English Ponterik (transmission error), late Middle English–1500s Pontike, 1500s Pontyke, 1500s–1600s Ponticke, 1500s–1600s Pontique, 1500s– Pontick, 1600s– Pontic. Also (esp. in sense A. 1) with lower-case initial.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French pontike, pontique; Latin Ponticus.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman pontike and Middle French pontique tart, astringent, sour (14th cent.), of, relating to, or originating from the Black Sea or the surrounding area (late 15th cent. in mer Pontique : see Pontic Sea n. at Compounds) and its etymon classical Latin Ponticus of the Black Sea or the surrounding area, in post-classical Latin also briny, bitter, tart (from 12th cent. in British sources) < ancient Greek Ποντικός of or relating to Pontus < πόντος sea, spec. the Black Sea, in Hellenistic Greek also the country of Pontus, an ancient district and kingdom of north-east Asia Minor on the southern shores of the Black Sea ( < the same Indo-European base as classical Latin pōns bridge: see pons n.) + -ικός -ic suffix. With use as noun compare classical Latin Ponticus (masculine) inhabitant of Pontus, Ponticum (neuter) the Black Sea.In sense A. 1 perhaps with reference to the taste of Pontic rhubarb, or Pontic wormwood. In sense A. 2d probably after German pontisch (V. Bunak 1932, in Zeitschr. f. Morphologie u. Anthropologie 30 471):1932 V. Bunak in Zeitschr. f. Morphologie u. Anthropologie 30 471 Die zwei südlichen analogen Kombinationen—nordkaukasische und ostbalkanische—sind untereinander ähnlicher und stehen von den nordpontischen Varietät weiter ab. Sie bilden eine andere Rasse des östlichen mediterranen Zweigs, den ich vorläufig als pontische Rasse..bezeichnen werde. Pontus occurs as a place name in English contexts from Old English onwards.

A. adj.¹

†1. Tart, astringent, sour. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > taste and flavour > sourness or acidity > [adjective] > astringent

stypticc1400

austere?a1425

Pontic?a1425

harshc1440

styptical1528

unmild1566

stringent1605

styptive1640

restringent1683

subastringent1788

puckery1833

?a1425 MS Hunterian 95 f. 157 (MED) Take swete poume garnates and diȝte hem wiþ pontike wyne.

a1500 (c1477) T. Norton Ordinal of Alchemy (BL Add.) (1975) 2121 (MED) So is sowrishe taste, callid sapour pontike.

1572 J. Jones Bathes of Bathes Ayde iii. f. 26^v Spittle, not bitter, but pontique or harshe.

1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. lvii. 277 The flowers come foorth..with certaine white chiues or threds in the middest, of a strong ponticke sauor.

1612 B. Jonson Alchemist ii. v. sig. F Know you the sapor pontick ?

1684 tr. T. Bonet Guide Pract. Physician viii. 272 Causticks..close and bind the Veins, by reason of their pontick, styptick parts.

?1780 W. Combe tr. J. de Mediolano Oeconomy of Health 29 These other three a cooling virtue claim, The pontic, the astringent and the tart.

a. Of, relating to, or originating from the Black Sea or the surrounding area, esp. the former district of Pontus. Also: designating or relating to the Greek dialect of this region.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > named regions of earth > Near East, Middle East, and Asia Minor > [adjective] > Asia Minor > specific lands

Pontic?1556

Aeolian1567

Hyrcan1567

Median1577

Albanian1578

Parthian1581

Lycaonian1582

Lydian1584

Anatolian1590

Cilician1597

Lycian1598

Hyrcanian1600

Cappadocian1607

Mysian1613

Chaldaic1662

Pergamenian1680

Sogdian1700

Chaldean1732

Carian1818

Pontine1832

Anatolic1853

Medic1869

Sumerian1874

Mitannian1897

Mitannite1911

?1556 N. Smyth tr. Herodian Hist. sig. Ffj^v Danubie..receyuinge hys encrease, of .lx. Riuers, which fall into hym, he..entreth into the Sea Pontique, by .vi. grete armes.

1598 G. Chapman tr. Homer Seauen Bks. Iliades ii. 26 With such a blustring as against, the Ponticke shore reboundes.

1625 T. Hawkins tr. Horace Odes iii. xxiv. 43 Though you with deepe pyles, land would gaine, Ev'n from the Tyrrhene, and large Pontique Maine.

1650 A. Bradstreet Tenth Muse 15 The Ponticke, Caspian, Golden Rivers fine.

1655 H. Vaughan Silex Scintillans (ed. 2) ii. 34 Gladly will I, like Pontick sheep, Unto their wormwood-diet keep.

1737 R. Glover Leonidas ix. 308 Th'ill-fated bark, which cut the Pontic stream.

1856 J. Ruskin Mod. Painters III. 339 Every sob of wreck-fed breaker round those Pontic precipices.

1887 A. T. de Vere Legends & Rec. Church & Empire 208 Thou Pontic Paradise!

1921 Times 17 June 9/3 An effective blockade of the Pontic ports.

1956 R. Macaulay Towers of Trebizond xv. 178 The barbarous Pontic natives, the Mossynoici, were all about.

1993 Independent 9 Feb. 25/3 He spoke a rural patois which he subsequently realised was a form of Pontic Greek.

b. historical. Of or relating to Pontus, an ancient district and kingdom of north-east Asia Minor on the southern shores of the Black Sea (now in Turkey) (see Mithridatic adj.).

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > named regions of earth > Near East, Middle East, and Asia Minor > [adjective] > Asia Minor > specific lands > kingdom of Pontus

Pontic1611

society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > sovereign ruler or monarch > king > [adjective] > relating to specific kings

mausolean1557

Tarquinian1600

Pontic1611

Thesean1815

Caroline1839

Ricardian1869

Carolean1911

1611 B. Jonson Catiline i. sig. B2 I stood Candidate, To be Commander in the Ponticke warre.

1665 D. Lloyd tr. Plutarch Worthies of World 372 According to the Pontick Kings dream of floating on the waters.

1762 Gen. Hist. Sieges IV. ii. 80 Pompey built the city of Nicopolis on the field of battle where he had defeated the Pontic king.

1793 J. Gast Hist. Greece II. ii. 169 He conquered a rich and extensive country, and founded the family of the Pontic kings.

1816 Ld. Byron Dream viii, in Prisoner of Chillon 44 Like to the Pontic monarch of old days, He fed on poisons, and they had no power.

1871 G. Rawlinson Man. Anc. Hist. iv. 328 He was undoubtedly the most able of all the Pontic kings.

1906 Amer. Jrnl. Philol. 27 248 Ground was thus cleared for the rise of the Pontic kingdom.

1999 Harvard Stud. Classical Philol. 99 229 The official gold and silver coins of the Pontic kingdom.

c. Biology. Designating a biogeographical region comprising largely steppe areas adjacent to the Black Sea; (of an animal or plant) native to this region.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > region of the earth > zone or belt > [adjective] > biogeographical

Hudsonian1835

Nearctic1858

neotropical1858

Palaearctic1858

palaeogean1858

palaeotropical1858

tropicopolitan1858

subregional1870

neotropic1877

Notogaean1879

Indogaean1885

Ornithogaean1890

Pontic1891

Notogaeic1896

ecogeographical1939

ecogeographic1951

1891 Science Apr. 184/1 The remains of the Pontic fauna which inhabited the Black Sea at the pliocene epoch.

1952 A. R. Clapham et al. Flora of Brit. Isles 1116 H[ypochoeris] maculata L... Europe from the Pyrenees, S. France, N. Italy..and S. Russia northwards to 64°7' in Scandinavia... A ‘pontic’ plant in C. Europe, growing commonly with Filipendula vulgaris, Peucedanum oreoselinum [etc.].

1980 Nature 8 May 65/3 Bulgaria is, from a geobotanical point of view, a ‘melange’ of boreal, mediterranean, pontic and Asia-minor species.

2002 Washington Post (Nexis) 12 Dec. h7 Besides the Pontic azalea, which is native from the Caucasus westward to parts of Europe, there are many native deciduous azaleas that deserve more widespread popularity.

d. Cultural Anthropology. Designating, relating to, or characteristic of a theoretical racial group identified in the Balkans and southern Russia. rare.

ΚΠ

1939 C. S. Coon Races of Europe xii. 617 The Mediterranean racial divison which the Russian anthropologists call Pontic.

1984 Current Anthropol. 25 505 Analysis of data on modern populations suggests that forms of the Pontic type existed in the western part of the northern Caucasus from the most ancient times.

1989 J. P. Mallory In Search of Indo-Europeans ii. 59 Robert Heine-Geldern..enumerated series of similarities between the metalwork of Europe and China about 800 BC upon which he predicated a ‘Pontic Migration’ from Europe across Asia.

3. Geology= Pontian adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > age or period > stratigraphic units > [adjective] > tertiary or Cenozoic > Miocene or Pliocene

Pontian1893

Pontic1902

1902 Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 41 374 Beginning with the Pontic stage, the sea recedes on the Southern side of the Caucasus (freshwater deposits), while on the northern side marine deposits..continue.

1936 Geog. Rev. 26 67 In Mio-Pliocene (Pontic) time there was an uplift of the Northern part of the Nile basin and the adjoining plains of the Eocene limestone.

2001 Limnol. & Oceanogr. 46 224 The Black and Caspian Seas have been isolated for most of the time following the late Pontic Period 6 million yr (my) ago.

B. n.¹

1. A person from the Pontic region; (historical) an inhabitant of the ancient kingdom of Pontus. Now also (Cultural Anthropology): a member of a people of Pontic type (rare).

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > ethnicities > division of mankind by physical characteristics > other racial types > [noun]

Pontic1683

yellow man1788

yellowskin1847

Euro-African1854

Mediterranean1876

Armenoid1894

Alpine1899

Nordic1900

Eurasiatic1901

blond beast1907

Caspian1923

Veddoid1948

1683 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 13 395 As Ariarathes of the Cappadocians, Arsaces of the Parthians, Abgarus of the Osrhoenians, Mithridates of the Pontics, and Sylvius for Alba longa.

1764 W. Guthrie et al. Gen. Hist. World V. v. 346 In Cimmeria..they were called Cimmerians..and in the neighbourhood of the Ister and the Pontus, Istrians and Pontics.

1939 C. S. Coon Races of Europe xii. 679 Pontic. A variety of Mediterranean or Atlanto-Mediterranean,..is concentrated in Bulgaria and in the Rumanian lowlands.

1971 Internat. Jrnl. Middle East Stud. 2 344 Finally, there is evidence from other districts to the west that the Turks there also settled in the lowlands, while the Pontics moved to the higher elevations.

2002 Turkish Daily News (Nexis) 12 Sept. This castle was built by Pontics in the 15th century B.C.

†2. Chiefly poetic. With the. The Black Sea. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > sea or ocean > specific seas > [noun] > Black Sea

Pontic Sea1581

Pontica1774

a1774 R. Fergusson Poems Var. Subj. (1779) 5 Each his sea of wine displays As big's the Pontic.

1809 W. L. Bowles Poems 25 That terrific strait That guards the wintry Pontick.

1878 J. L. Robertson Poems 168 The Pontic!—on whose banks a wood, Erst with her sister trees..she stood.

1889 J. W. Mackail tr. Virgil Georgics (1915) 46 They who..adventure the Pontic and the straits by Abydus' oyster-beds.

3. The Greek dialect of the Pontic region.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > Greek > Greek dialects

common dialect1604

Aeolic1606

Ionic1606

Ionic dialect1629

Athenian1638

Theban1820

Laconian1830

Doric1837

Rumelian1859

Pamphylian1880

Tsakonian1902

Pontic1910

Thessalian1910

koine1913

Messenian1928

Macedonian1933

Mycenaean1955

1910 Jrnl. Hellenic Stud. 30 279 The only other dialect in which these forms are preserved is Pontic.

1939 L. H. Gray Found. Lang. 32 We know that in the first century a.d. Parthian, Median, Elamite, Cappadocian, Pontic..and Arabic were spoken.

1998 A. Dalby Dict. Langs. 233/1 Pontic and Cappadocian were spoken by Greeks who were expelled from northern and central Turkey in 1923.

4. Geology. With the. = Pontian n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > age or period > stratigraphic units > [noun] > tertiary or Cenozoic > Miocene or Pliocene spec.

crag1735

Pontic1914

1914 Times 14 Mar. 18/3 They had felt that with such a prolific supply [of oil] above the Pontic there ought to be something beneath it, and therefore they decided to bore right through it.

1955 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) A. 248 322 The Nile valley was cut in the Miocene, the cutting being complete in the Pontic (Mio-Pliocene).

Compounds

Pontic mouse n. [after classical Latin mūs Ponticus (Pliny), ancient Greek μῦς Ποντικός (Aristotle)] an animal mentioned by Aristotle, used for its fur (sometimes identified with the weasel).

ΚΠ

1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 533 This Pontique Mouse differeth from others onely in colour, for the white is mingled with ashcolour... Beside there is a flying Ponticke or Scythian Mouse... They call it Popyelycza Latayacza, that is, A Pontique-flying Mouse.

1726 J. Swift Let. 15 Oct. in A. Pope Corr. (1956) II. 407 They must have been pontic mice, which as Olavs Magnus assures us always devours whatever is green.

1793 J. Dallaway Inq. Origin & Progress Sci. Heraldry 406 Sable pellis sabillina, the black part of the fur of the pontic mouse.

1799 J. Strutt Compl. View Dress & Habits People of Eng. II. iv. i. 139 Other authors assert, that the vair, or vares..was the skin of the Pontic mouse, and derived its name from varius and that this appellation, in Latin, was given to it on account of the variety of its colours.

1991 D. M. Balme tr. Aristotle Hist. Animals III. xvii.159 The dormouse also hides inside the trees, and becomes very fat then; also the white Pontic mouse.

Pontic nut n. [after classical Latin nux Pontica (Pliny), Hellenistic Greek κάρυον Ποντικόν (Galen); compare French noix pontique (1611 in Cotgrave)] now rare a hazelnut (from the Pontic region).

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > edible nuts or nut-trees > [noun] > hazel-nut

hazelnuteOE

Avellana1398

filberta1400

bannuta1500

cob-nut1574

cob1589

hazel1601

Pontic nut1601

stock-nut1833

Barcelona nut1851

noisette1970

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. xv. xxiii. 446 They came out of Pontus into Natolia and Greece, and therefore they bee called Ponticke nuts.

1775 G. Motherby New Med. Dict. at Amatzquitl The fruit are as large as Pontic nuts, divided into white grains of the same shape and nature as those of a fig.

1951 Dict. Gardening (Royal Hort. Soc.) III. 1385/1 Others were known as Pontic Nuts from Pontus, also in Asia.

2004 San Antonio (Texas) Express-News (Nexis) 13 Oct. f5 Other names [for the filbert] include the Cobb Nut, the Spanish Nut, the Pontic Nut and the Lombard.

Pontic rhubarb n. [after post-classical Latin reu Ponticum (a1250, 1538 in British sources; compare classical Latin radix Pontica), Byzantine Greek ρέον Ποντικόν] rare = rhapontic n. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular vegetables > [noun] > stalk vegetables > garden rhubarb

rhapontic?c1425

rha1578

Pontic rhubarb1597

rhubarb1650

Indian rhubarb1652

monk's rhubarb1737

pie plant1838

1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 317 The Ponticke Rubarbe is lesser and slenderer then that of Barbarie.

1793 G. Riley Beauties of Creation (ed. 2) V. 159 The scarceness of Pontic Rhubarb from the Levant, hath given leave to some to substitute in its room, among those who have not a perfect knowledge of the other, the roots of the Hippolapathum, or Bastard Rhubarb.

1932 tr. R. Bacon in Isis 18 39 For example, there is rhubarb senith, which is Indian rhubarb, and is far better than Pontic rhubarb.

Pontic Sea n. [after classical Latin mare Ponticum, French mer Pontique (a1498 or earlier in Middle French)] the Black Sea.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > sea or ocean > specific seas > [noun] > Black Sea

Pontic Sea1581

Pontica1774

[?1556Sea Pontique [see sense A. 2a]. ]

1581 A. Hall tr. Homer 10 Bks. Iliades ix. 150 And een as we full often see the pontique sea to growe, When Boreas blasts or westerne gales from Thracian mountaines blow.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1623) iii. iii. 456 Like to the Ponticke Sea, Whose Icie Current..keepes due on To the Proponticke, and the Hellespont.

1770 R. Johnson New Rom. Hist. 57 The whole circumference of the Pontic sea.

1865 A. C. Swinburne Atalanta in Calydon 2132 The thunder of Pontic seas.

1995 Jrnl. Amer. Oriental Soc. 115 680/2 Near the Pontic Sea Ananias found figs, bitter pomegranates..and the almond tree.

Pontic wormwood n. now rare a kind of wormwood, usually identified with Roman wormwood, Artemisia pontica.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > medicinal and culinary plants > medicinal and culinary plant or part of plant > [noun] > wormwood

wermodc725

mugworteOE

absinthiumOE

wormwooda1400

absinthc1429

Pontic wormwood1551

Roman wormwood1551

mouse-wort1607

1551 W. Turner New Herball sig. A iv Those ij. kindes of wormwode which diuerse take for pontyke wormwode, are none of pontike wormwod.

1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. ccccxxxiii. 939 It is commonly called Absinthium Romanum:..by which name it is known to very many..apothecaries, who vse this in stead of Pontick wormwood..and this Pontick Wormwood doth differ from that which Dioscorides commendeth.

1721 Queen's Closet 10 To make Syrup of Wormwood. Take Roman Wormwood, or Pontick Wormwood, half a Pound.

1857 H. Beasley Druggist's Gen. Receipt Bk. (ed. 4) 230 Dried tops of large and small (pontic) wormwood.

1908 E. R. Emerson Beverages, Past & Present I. 498 We find wormwood wine..made of Pontic wormwood in the proportion of one pound to forty sextarii of must.

1934 tr. Cato in Brittania (1986) 17 146 To prevent chafing: when you set out on a journey, keep a small branch of pontic wormwood under the anus.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	pontic
释义	Ponticadj.¹n.¹ Brit. /ˈpɒntɪk/, U.S. /ˈpɑn(t)ɪk/ Forms: late Middle English Ponterik (transmission error), late Middle English–1500s Pontike, 1500s Pontyke, 1500s–1600s Ponticke, 1500s–1600s Pontique, 1500s– Pontick, 1600s– Pontic. Also (esp. in sense A. 1) with lower-case initial. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French pontike, pontique; Latin Ponticus. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman pontike and Middle French pontique tart, astringent, sour (14th cent.), of, relating to, or originating from the Black Sea or the surrounding area (late 15th cent. in mer Pontique : see Pontic Sea n. at Compounds) and its etymon classical Latin Ponticus of the Black Sea or the surrounding area, in post-classical Latin also briny, bitter, tart (from 12th cent. in British sources) < ancient Greek Ποντικός of or relating to Pontus < πόντος sea, spec. the Black Sea, in Hellenistic Greek also the country of Pontus, an ancient district and kingdom of north-east Asia Minor on the southern shores of the Black Sea ( < the same Indo-European base as classical Latin pōns bridge: see pons n.) + -ικός -ic suffix. With use as noun compare classical Latin Ponticus (masculine) inhabitant of Pontus, Ponticum (neuter) the Black Sea.In sense A. 1 perhaps with reference to the taste of Pontic rhubarb, or Pontic wormwood. In sense A. 2d probably after German pontisch (V. Bunak 1932, in Zeitschr. f. Morphologie u. Anthropologie 30 471):1932 V. Bunak in Zeitschr. f. Morphologie u. Anthropologie 30 471 Die zwei südlichen analogen Kombinationen—nordkaukasische und ostbalkanische—sind untereinander ähnlicher und stehen von den nordpontischen Varietät weiter ab. Sie bilden eine andere Rasse des östlichen mediterranen Zweigs, den ich vorläufig als pontische Rasse..bezeichnen werde. Pontus occurs as a place name in English contexts from Old English onwards. A. adj.¹ †1. Tart, astringent, sour. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > taste and flavour > sourness or acidity > [adjective] > astringent stypticc1400 austere?a1425 Pontic?a1425 harshc1440 styptical1528 unmild1566 stringent1605 styptive1640 restringent1683 subastringent1788 puckery1833 ?a1425 MS Hunterian 95 f. 157 (MED) Take swete poume garnates and diȝte hem wiþ pontike wyne. a1500 (c1477) T. Norton Ordinal of Alchemy (BL Add.) (1975) 2121 (MED) So is sowrishe taste, callid sapour pontike. 1572 J. Jones Bathes of Bathes Ayde iii. f. 26^v Spittle, not bitter, but pontique or harshe. 1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. lvii. 277 The flowers come foorth..with certaine white chiues or threds in the middest, of a strong ponticke sauor. 1612 B. Jonson Alchemist ii. v. sig. F Know you the sapor pontick ? View more context for this quotation 1684 tr. T. Bonet Guide Pract. Physician viii. 272 Causticks..close and bind the Veins, by reason of their pontick, styptick parts. ?1780 W. Combe tr. J. de Mediolano Oeconomy of Health 29 These other three a cooling virtue claim, The pontic, the astringent and the tart. 2. a. Of, relating to, or originating from the Black Sea or the surrounding area, esp. the former district of Pontus. Also: designating or relating to the Greek dialect of this region. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > named regions of earth > Near East, Middle East, and Asia Minor > [adjective] > Asia Minor > specific lands Pontic?1556 Aeolian1567 Hyrcan1567 Median1577 Albanian1578 Parthian1581 Lycaonian1582 Lydian1584 Anatolian1590 Cilician1597 Lycian1598 Hyrcanian1600 Cappadocian1607 Mysian1613 Chaldaic1662 Pergamenian1680 Sogdian1700 Chaldean1732 Carian1818 Pontine1832 Anatolic1853 Medic1869 Sumerian1874 Mitannian1897 Mitannite1911 ?1556 N. Smyth tr. Herodian Hist. sig. Ffj^v Danubie..receyuinge hys encrease, of .lx. Riuers, which fall into hym, he..entreth into the Sea Pontique, by .vi. grete armes. 1598 G. Chapman tr. Homer Seauen Bks. Iliades ii. 26 With such a blustring as against, the Ponticke shore reboundes. 1625 T. Hawkins tr. Horace Odes iii. xxiv. 43 Though you with deepe pyles, land would gaine, Ev'n from the Tyrrhene, and large Pontique Maine. 1650 A. Bradstreet Tenth Muse 15 The Ponticke, Caspian, Golden Rivers fine. 1655 H. Vaughan Silex Scintillans (ed. 2) ii. 34 Gladly will I, like Pontick sheep, Unto their wormwood-diet keep. 1737 R. Glover Leonidas ix. 308 Th'ill-fated bark, which cut the Pontic stream. 1856 J. Ruskin Mod. Painters III. 339 Every sob of wreck-fed breaker round those Pontic precipices. 1887 A. T. de Vere Legends & Rec. Church & Empire 208 Thou Pontic Paradise! 1921 Times 17 June 9/3 An effective blockade of the Pontic ports. 1956 R. Macaulay Towers of Trebizond xv. 178 The barbarous Pontic natives, the Mossynoici, were all about. 1993 Independent 9 Feb. 25/3 He spoke a rural patois which he subsequently realised was a form of Pontic Greek. b. historical. Of or relating to Pontus, an ancient district and kingdom of north-east Asia Minor on the southern shores of the Black Sea (now in Turkey) (see Mithridatic adj.). ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > named regions of earth > Near East, Middle East, and Asia Minor > [adjective] > Asia Minor > specific lands > kingdom of Pontus Pontic1611 society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > sovereign ruler or monarch > king > [adjective] > relating to specific kings mausolean1557 Tarquinian1600 Pontic1611 Thesean1815 Caroline1839 Ricardian1869 Carolean1911 1611 B. Jonson Catiline i. sig. B2 I stood Candidate, To be Commander in the Ponticke warre. View more context for this quotation 1665 D. Lloyd tr. Plutarch Worthies of World 372 According to the Pontick Kings dream of floating on the waters. 1762 Gen. Hist. Sieges IV. ii. 80 Pompey built the city of Nicopolis on the field of battle where he had defeated the Pontic king. 1793 J. Gast Hist. Greece II. ii. 169 He conquered a rich and extensive country, and founded the family of the Pontic kings. 1816 Ld. Byron Dream viii, in Prisoner of Chillon 44 Like to the Pontic monarch of old days, He fed on poisons, and they had no power. 1871 G. Rawlinson Man. Anc. Hist. iv. 328 He was undoubtedly the most able of all the Pontic kings. 1906 Amer. Jrnl. Philol. 27 248 Ground was thus cleared for the rise of the Pontic kingdom. 1999 Harvard Stud. Classical Philol. 99 229 The official gold and silver coins of the Pontic kingdom. c. Biology. Designating a biogeographical region comprising largely steppe areas adjacent to the Black Sea; (of an animal or plant) native to this region. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > region of the earth > zone or belt > [adjective] > biogeographical Hudsonian1835 Nearctic1858 neotropical1858 Palaearctic1858 palaeogean1858 palaeotropical1858 tropicopolitan1858 subregional1870 neotropic1877 Notogaean1879 Indogaean1885 Ornithogaean1890 Pontic1891 Notogaeic1896 ecogeographical1939 ecogeographic1951 1891 Science Apr. 184/1 The remains of the Pontic fauna which inhabited the Black Sea at the pliocene epoch. 1952 A. R. Clapham et al. Flora of Brit. Isles 1116 H[ypochoeris] maculata L... Europe from the Pyrenees, S. France, N. Italy..and S. Russia northwards to 64°7' in Scandinavia... A ‘pontic’ plant in C. Europe, growing commonly with Filipendula vulgaris, Peucedanum oreoselinum [etc.]. 1980 Nature 8 May 65/3 Bulgaria is, from a geobotanical point of view, a ‘melange’ of boreal, mediterranean, pontic and Asia-minor species. 2002 Washington Post (Nexis) 12 Dec. h7 Besides the Pontic azalea, which is native from the Caucasus westward to parts of Europe, there are many native deciduous azaleas that deserve more widespread popularity. d. Cultural Anthropology. Designating, relating to, or characteristic of a theoretical racial group identified in the Balkans and southern Russia. rare. ΚΠ 1939 C. S. Coon Races of Europe xii. 617 The Mediterranean racial divison which the Russian anthropologists call Pontic. 1984 Current Anthropol. 25 505 Analysis of data on modern populations suggests that forms of the Pontic type existed in the western part of the northern Caucasus from the most ancient times. 1989 J. P. Mallory In Search of Indo-Europeans ii. 59 Robert Heine-Geldern..enumerated series of similarities between the metalwork of Europe and China about 800 BC upon which he predicated a ‘Pontic Migration’ from Europe across Asia. 3. Geology= Pontian adj. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > age or period > stratigraphic units > [adjective] > tertiary or Cenozoic > Miocene or Pliocene Pontian1893 Pontic1902 1902 Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 41 374 Beginning with the Pontic stage, the sea recedes on the Southern side of the Caucasus (freshwater deposits), while on the northern side marine deposits..continue. 1936 Geog. Rev. 26 67 In Mio-Pliocene (Pontic) time there was an uplift of the Northern part of the Nile basin and the adjoining plains of the Eocene limestone. 2001 Limnol. & Oceanogr. 46 224 The Black and Caspian Seas have been isolated for most of the time following the late Pontic Period 6 million yr (my) ago. B. n.¹ 1. A person from the Pontic region; (historical) an inhabitant of the ancient kingdom of Pontus. Now also (Cultural Anthropology): a member of a people of Pontic type (rare). ΘΚΠ the world > people > ethnicities > division of mankind by physical characteristics > other racial types > [noun] Pontic1683 yellow man1788 yellowskin1847 Euro-African1854 Mediterranean1876 Armenoid1894 Alpine1899 Nordic1900 Eurasiatic1901 blond beast1907 Caspian1923 Veddoid1948 1683 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 13 395 As Ariarathes of the Cappadocians, Arsaces of the Parthians, Abgarus of the Osrhoenians, Mithridates of the Pontics, and Sylvius for Alba longa. 1764 W. Guthrie et al. Gen. Hist. World V. v. 346 In Cimmeria..they were called Cimmerians..and in the neighbourhood of the Ister and the Pontus, Istrians and Pontics. 1939 C. S. Coon Races of Europe xii. 679 Pontic. A variety of Mediterranean or Atlanto-Mediterranean,..is concentrated in Bulgaria and in the Rumanian lowlands. 1971 Internat. Jrnl. Middle East Stud. 2 344 Finally, there is evidence from other districts to the west that the Turks there also settled in the lowlands, while the Pontics moved to the higher elevations. 2002 Turkish Daily News (Nexis) 12 Sept. This castle was built by Pontics in the 15th century B.C. †2. Chiefly poetic. With the. The Black Sea. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > sea or ocean > specific seas > [noun] > Black Sea Pontic Sea1581 Pontica1774 a1774 R. Fergusson Poems Var. Subj. (1779) 5 Each his sea of wine displays As big's the Pontic. 1809 W. L. Bowles Poems 25 That terrific strait That guards the wintry Pontick. 1878 J. L. Robertson Poems 168 The Pontic!—on whose banks a wood, Erst with her sister trees..she stood. 1889 J. W. Mackail tr. Virgil Georgics (1915) 46 They who..adventure the Pontic and the straits by Abydus' oyster-beds. 3. The Greek dialect of the Pontic region. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > Greek > Greek dialects common dialect1604 Aeolic1606 Ionic1606 Ionic dialect1629 Athenian1638 Theban1820 Laconian1830 Doric1837 Rumelian1859 Pamphylian1880 Tsakonian1902 Pontic1910 Thessalian1910 koine1913 Messenian1928 Macedonian1933 Mycenaean1955 1910 Jrnl. Hellenic Stud. 30 279 The only other dialect in which these forms are preserved is Pontic. 1939 L. H. Gray Found. Lang. 32 We know that in the first century a.d. Parthian, Median, Elamite, Cappadocian, Pontic..and Arabic were spoken. 1998 A. Dalby Dict. Langs. 233/1 Pontic and Cappadocian were spoken by Greeks who were expelled from northern and central Turkey in 1923. 4. Geology. With the. = Pontian n. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > age or period > stratigraphic units > [noun] > tertiary or Cenozoic > Miocene or Pliocene spec. crag1735 Pontic1914 1914 Times 14 Mar. 18/3 They had felt that with such a prolific supply [of oil] above the Pontic there ought to be something beneath it, and therefore they decided to bore right through it. 1955 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) A. 248 322 The Nile valley was cut in the Miocene, the cutting being complete in the Pontic (Mio-Pliocene). Compounds Pontic mouse n. [after classical Latin mūs Ponticus (Pliny), ancient Greek μῦς Ποντικός (Aristotle)] an animal mentioned by Aristotle, used for its fur (sometimes identified with the weasel). ΚΠ 1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 533 This Pontique Mouse differeth from others onely in colour, for the white is mingled with ashcolour... Beside there is a flying Ponticke or Scythian Mouse... They call it Popyelycza Latayacza, that is, A Pontique-flying Mouse. 1726 J. Swift Let. 15 Oct. in A. Pope Corr. (1956) II. 407 They must have been pontic mice, which as Olavs Magnus assures us always devours whatever is green. 1793 J. Dallaway Inq. Origin & Progress Sci. Heraldry 406 Sable pellis sabillina, the black part of the fur of the pontic mouse. 1799 J. Strutt Compl. View Dress & Habits People of Eng. II. iv. i. 139 Other authors assert, that the vair, or vares..was the skin of the Pontic mouse, and derived its name from varius and that this appellation, in Latin, was given to it on account of the variety of its colours. 1991 D. M. Balme tr. Aristotle Hist. Animals III. xvii.159 The dormouse also hides inside the trees, and becomes very fat then; also the white Pontic mouse. Pontic nut n. [after classical Latin nux Pontica (Pliny), Hellenistic Greek κάρυον Ποντικόν (Galen); compare French noix pontique (1611 in Cotgrave)] now rare a hazelnut (from the Pontic region). ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > edible nuts or nut-trees > [noun] > hazel-nut hazelnuteOE Avellana1398 filberta1400 bannuta1500 cob-nut1574 cob1589 hazel1601 Pontic nut1601 stock-nut1833 Barcelona nut1851 noisette1970 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. xv. xxiii. 446 They came out of Pontus into Natolia and Greece, and therefore they bee called Ponticke nuts. 1775 G. Motherby New Med. Dict. at Amatzquitl The fruit are as large as Pontic nuts, divided into white grains of the same shape and nature as those of a fig. 1951 Dict. Gardening (Royal Hort. Soc.) III. 1385/1 Others were known as Pontic Nuts from Pontus, also in Asia. 2004 San Antonio (Texas) Express-News (Nexis) 13 Oct. f5 Other names [for the filbert] include the Cobb Nut, the Spanish Nut, the Pontic Nut and the Lombard. Pontic rhubarb n. [after post-classical Latin reu Ponticum (a1250, 1538 in British sources; compare classical Latin radix Pontica), Byzantine Greek ρέον Ποντικόν] rare = rhapontic n. 1. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular vegetables > [noun] > stalk vegetables > garden rhubarb rhapontic?c1425 rha1578 Pontic rhubarb1597 rhubarb1650 Indian rhubarb1652 monk's rhubarb1737 pie plant1838 1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 317 The Ponticke Rubarbe is lesser and slenderer then that of Barbarie. 1793 G. Riley Beauties of Creation (ed. 2) V. 159 The scarceness of Pontic Rhubarb from the Levant, hath given leave to some to substitute in its room, among those who have not a perfect knowledge of the other, the roots of the Hippolapathum, or Bastard Rhubarb. 1932 tr. R. Bacon in Isis 18 39 For example, there is rhubarb senith, which is Indian rhubarb, and is far better than Pontic rhubarb. Pontic Sea n. [after classical Latin mare Ponticum, French mer Pontique (a1498 or earlier in Middle French)] the Black Sea. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > sea or ocean > specific seas > [noun] > Black Sea Pontic Sea1581 Pontica1774 [?1556Sea Pontique [see sense A. 2a]. ] 1581 A. Hall tr. Homer 10 Bks. Iliades ix. 150 And een as we full often see the pontique sea to growe, When Boreas blasts or westerne gales from Thracian mountaines blow. a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1623) iii. iii. 456 Like to the Ponticke Sea, Whose Icie Current..keepes due on To the Proponticke, and the Hellespont. 1770 R. Johnson New Rom. Hist. 57 The whole circumference of the Pontic sea. 1865 A. C. Swinburne Atalanta in Calydon 2132 The thunder of Pontic seas. 1995 Jrnl. Amer. Oriental Soc. 115 680/2 Near the Pontic Sea Ananias found figs, bitter pomegranates..and the almond tree. Pontic wormwood n. now rare a kind of wormwood, usually identified with Roman wormwood, Artemisia pontica. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > medicinal and culinary plants > medicinal and culinary plant or part of plant > [noun] > wormwood wermodc725 mugworteOE absinthiumOE wormwooda1400 absinthc1429 Pontic wormwood1551 Roman wormwood1551 mouse-wort1607 1551 W. Turner New Herball sig. A iv Those ij. kindes of wormwode which diuerse take for pontyke wormwode, are none of pontike wormwod. 1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. ccccxxxiii. 939 It is commonly called Absinthium Romanum:..by which name it is known to very many..apothecaries, who vse this in stead of Pontick wormwood..and this Pontick Wormwood doth differ from that which Dioscorides commendeth. 1721 Queen's Closet 10 To make Syrup of Wormwood. Take Roman Wormwood, or Pontick Wormwood, half a Pound. 1857 H. Beasley Druggist's Gen. Receipt Bk. (ed. 4) 230 Dried tops of large and small (pontic) wormwood. 1908 E. R. Emerson Beverages, Past & Present I. 498 We find wormwood wine..made of Pontic wormwood in the proportion of one pound to forty sextarii of must. 1934 tr. Cato in Brittania (1986) 17 146 To prevent chafing: when you set out on a journey, keep a small branch of pontic wormwood under the anus. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). ponticadj.²n.² Brit. /ˈpɒntɪk/, U.S. /ˈpɑn(t)ɪk/ Origin: A borrowing from Latin, combined with an English element. Etymons: Latin pont- , pōns , -ic suffix. Etymology: < classical Latin pont-, pōns bridge (see pons n.) + -ic suffix. With use as adjective compare slightly earlier pontine adj.³ and earlier pontal adj. 2, pontile adj. A. adj.² Anatomy and Medicine. = pontine adj.³ rare. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > nervous system > cerebrospinal axis > brain > parts of brain > [adjective] > pons pontal1868 pontile1882 pontine1888 pontic1890 1890 Lancet 5 Apr. 739/2 The only case over forty being one of pontic abscess. 1908 Science 8 May 742/1 Certain medical and scientific writers persist in using pontal, pontial, pontic, pontine and pontinal. 1985 Internat. Jrnl. Neuroscience 27 165 One patient had a pontic–mesencephalic lesion, 3 had right hemisphere damage. B. n.² Dentistry. An artificial tooth that forms part of a dental bridge, being held in place by attachment to its neighbouring teeth, and not fixed directly to the jaw. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > dentistry > [noun] > a restoration > bridge bridge1883 bridgework1883 pontic1916 1916 J. H. Prothero Prosthetic Dentistry (ed. 2) xxix. 785 The term ‘pontic’ has been suggested as a substitute for ‘dummy’ in describing a bridge tooth replacement. The term seems scarcely appropriate, since practically all fixed bridges are of the rigid truss type. 1932 F. R. Felcher Art of Porcelain in Dentistry xi. 133 Pontics should not be so built that they extend too far into the sockets, as a recession will usually result if this is done. 1956 J. N. Anderson Appl. Dental Materials xiii. 128 When making a bridge, the ‘pontic’ or bridging part is joined to the supports or ‘retainers’. 1997 Contemp. Esthetics & Restorative Pract. Sept. 24/2 It was decided to use the patient's actual tooth crown, sealed with composite, as a natural tooth pontic. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.¹n.¹?a1425adj.²n.²1890
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Ponticadj.1n.1

Compounds

ponticadj.2n.2

Ponticadj.¹n.¹

ponticadj.²n.²