letherwiten.

Brit.

/ˈlɛðəwʌɪt/, U.S.

/ˈlɛðərˌwaɪt/

Forms:

α. early Middle English letherwyt, early Middle English leytherwyte, Middle English letherwithe, Middle English lethirwite, 1500s letherwiche, 1500s letherwyte, 1600s letherwitt, 1600s 1900s– letherwit, 1700s– letherwite, 1800s– lederwite, 1900s– litherwyte.

β. 1500s–1600s 1800s– lotherwit, 1500s–1600s 1800s lotherwite.

Origin: Apparently a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: lairwite n.

Etymology: Apparently ultimately a variant or alteration of lairwite n., perhaps based on a misreading of y as þ in forms like leyrewite at lairwite n. Forms (although no forms with þ are attested), or perhaps based on a misreading of ch as th in lecherwite n. (itself apparently an alteration of lairwite n.). Compare post-classical Latin leytherwyta (1297 in the same source as quot. 1297), letherwito , ablative (1334, in the source apparently paraphrased by quot. 1860), Anglo-Norman letherwite (c1300 in an apparently isolated attestation).The β. forms go back to a later edition of Rastell's work (see quot. 1579) and may reflect a misreading of the earlier text (see quot. 1527) or a typographical error.

Feudal Law. Now rare (historical in later use).

Any of various fines relating to sexual relations and marriage; esp. a fine payable by a male serf to his lord for having illicit sexual relations with a female serf; (sometimes) spec. = childwite n. Also as a mass noun: such fines collectively. Cf. lairwite n.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > punishment > fine > [noun] > for fornication or adultery

lairwitec1230

letherwite1297

lecherwitea1425

whore toll1545

buttock-mail?1552

stool-mail1837

1297 in L. M. Midgley Ministers' Accts. Earldom of Cornwall (1942) I. 225 (MED) Et de 5 s. 1 d. de Stephano, seruiente Ade Haym, pro leytherwyte.

a1400 R. Higden Polychron. (Caius) (1869) II. 96 Lethirwite [c1425 Corpus Cambr. 96 Letherwithe; a1400 Cambr. Ii.3.1 Leyrwyte, id est emenda pro corruptione nativæ].

1527 Statutes Prohemium Iohannis Rastell (new ed.) f. lxxxvi Letherwyte that is that ye shall take amendis of him that coruptith your nature without your lycence.

1579 Rastell's Expos. Termes Lawes (new ed.) f. 148 Lotherwite, that is that you may take amendes of him which doth defile your bondwoman without your licence.

1600 W. Vaughan Golden-groue i. xiii. sig. D9^v Woe therefore be vnto you, landlords, who..do flay and vexe your tenants and inferiours with extraordinary imposts, with asking of beneuolences, letherwits, and such like.

1686 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Staffs. viii. 279 The Lords enjoy another odd custom, or privilege of Lotherwits or Lyerwits at this day.

1716 H. Curson Compend. Laws Great Brit. & Ireland (ed. 2) Addenda 614 In ancient time the King's Courts, and especially the Leets, had power to inquire of, and punish Fornication and Adultery, by the Name of Letherwite.

1860 J. Williams Rec. Denbigh I. xiv. 184 The lord had..from husbands of wives who committed adultery, 5s., for ‘letherwite’ 5s.

1866 Proc. Kilkenny & South-east Ireland Archæol. Soc. 509 From them, it would seem, sprang the copyholders, who plainly were serfs, as amenable to ‘lotherwit’ and other tests of serfage.

1912 W. Farrer & J. Brownbill Victoria Hist. County Lancaster VII. 184/2 Merchet for sons and daughters and letherwit for sons were due.

2013 Internat. Law Res. 2 46 Childwite..was a fine paid by a man to his lord for unlawfully impregnating his bond women. It was also called letherwite (leirwite).

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	letherwite
释义	letherwiten. Brit. /ˈlɛðəwʌɪt/, U.S. /ˈlɛðərˌwaɪt/ Forms: α. early Middle English letherwyt, early Middle English leytherwyte, Middle English letherwithe, Middle English lethirwite, 1500s letherwiche, 1500s letherwyte, 1600s letherwitt, 1600s 1900s– letherwit, 1700s– letherwite, 1800s– lederwite, 1900s– litherwyte. β. 1500s–1600s 1800s– lotherwit, 1500s–1600s 1800s lotherwite. Origin: Apparently a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: lairwite n. Etymology: Apparently ultimately a variant or alteration of lairwite n., perhaps based on a misreading of y as þ in forms like leyrewite at lairwite n. Forms (although no forms with þ are attested), or perhaps based on a misreading of ch as th in lecherwite n. (itself apparently an alteration of lairwite n.). Compare post-classical Latin leytherwyta (1297 in the same source as quot. 1297), letherwito , ablative (1334, in the source apparently paraphrased by quot. 1860), Anglo-Norman letherwite (c1300 in an apparently isolated attestation).The β. forms go back to a later edition of Rastell's work (see quot. 1579) and may reflect a misreading of the earlier text (see quot. 1527) or a typographical error. Feudal Law. Now rare (historical in later use). Any of various fines relating to sexual relations and marriage; esp. a fine payable by a male serf to his lord for having illicit sexual relations with a female serf; (sometimes) spec. = childwite n. Also as a mass noun: such fines collectively. Cf. lairwite n. ΘΚΠ society > authority > punishment > fine > [noun] > for fornication or adultery lairwitec1230 letherwite1297 lecherwitea1425 whore toll1545 buttock-mail?1552 stool-mail1837 1297 in L. M. Midgley Ministers' Accts. Earldom of Cornwall (1942) I. 225 (MED) Et de 5 s. 1 d. de Stephano, seruiente Ade Haym, pro leytherwyte. a1400 R. Higden Polychron. (Caius) (1869) II. 96 Lethirwite [c1425 Corpus Cambr. 96 Letherwithe; a1400 Cambr. Ii.3.1 Leyrwyte, id est emenda pro corruptione nativæ]. 1527 Statutes Prohemium Iohannis Rastell (new ed.) f. lxxxvi Letherwyte that is that ye shall take amendis of him that coruptith your nature without your lycence. 1579 Rastell's Expos. Termes Lawes (new ed.) f. 148 Lotherwite, that is that you may take amendes of him which doth defile your bondwoman without your licence. 1600 W. Vaughan Golden-groue i. xiii. sig. D9^v Woe therefore be vnto you, landlords, who..do flay and vexe your tenants and inferiours with extraordinary imposts, with asking of beneuolences, letherwits, and such like. 1686 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Staffs. viii. 279 The Lords enjoy another odd custom, or privilege of Lotherwits or Lyerwits at this day. 1716 H. Curson Compend. Laws Great Brit. & Ireland (ed. 2) Addenda 614 In ancient time the King's Courts, and especially the Leets, had power to inquire of, and punish Fornication and Adultery, by the Name of Letherwite. 1860 J. Williams Rec. Denbigh I. xiv. 184 The lord had..from husbands of wives who committed adultery, 5s., for ‘letherwite’ 5s. 1866 Proc. Kilkenny & South-east Ireland Archæol. Soc. 509 From them, it would seem, sprang the copyholders, who plainly were serfs, as amenable to ‘lotherwit’ and other tests of serfage. 1912 W. Farrer & J. Brownbill Victoria Hist. County Lancaster VII. 184/2 Merchet for sons and daughters and letherwit for sons were due. 2013 Internat. Law Res. 2 46 Childwite..was a fine paid by a man to his lord for unlawfully impregnating his bond women. It was also called letherwite (leirwite). This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1297
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