hand over handadv.adj.n.

Brit.

/ˌhand əʊvə ˈhand/, U.S.

/ˌhænd oʊvər ˈhænd/

Forms: see hand n. and over prep. and conj.

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: hand n., over prep.

Etymology: < hand n. + over prep. + hand n.

A. adv.

†1. Perhaps: properly, completely, thoroughly. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1591 H. Barrow Plaine Refut. Giffardes Bk. 19 Then thei stood Pastors & Watchmen to the whole Citie hand ouer hand as thei dwelt in the Parishes therof (being called the Watchmen of the Citie).

a. With each hand brought successively over the other, as in climbing up or down a rope, or rapidly hauling at one.

ΚΠ

1736 B. Cooke Let. in Philos. Trans. 1737–8 (Royal Soc.) (1740) 40 380 A lusty young Man attempted to go down (hand over hand, as the Workmen call it) by means of a single Rope.

1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine sig. I Main avant, the order to pull on a rope hand-over-hand.

1857 T. Hughes Tom Brown's School Days ii. iv. 299 Up went Martin, hand over hand.

1883 W. B. Hoggan Volunteer Artillery Drill Bk. 15 He..withdraws the sponge hand over hand, turning it from him, cleaning the bore well.

1906 Outing Mag. June 353/1 Dragging in the line, hand over hand, he gave his victim no opportunity for escape.

1967 M. Craven Owl (1974) 30 The boy ran ahead to the grease pole that stood in front of the church, and up it, hand over hand.

2007 F. F. Humbles Hopchaw 28 Nick began lowering the rope of clothing hand over hand.

b. Swimming. With each arm alternately brought out of the water from behind and with a circular sweep returned to the water in front.Front crawl is now the usual term for this method of swimming.

ΚΠ

1831 New Eng. Mag. Aug. 134 Sputtering the water from his mouth, and then throwing himself forward, hand over hand, as if at length he really felt himself in his element.

1852 J. M. Wainwright Land of Bondage 89 He..plunged in, swimming most stoutly hand over hand.

1872 H. Gurr Art of Swimming 25 To Swim Hand-over-hand.

1922 Munsey's Mag. July 323/2 She took to the icy water, swimming hand over hand, but coolly, in form, the Australian crawl.

1997 Sport Diver Oct. 42/1 We were swimming against the current, hand over hand, to the edge of the hammerhead ridge.

3. In extended use (from sense A. 2a).

a. Chiefly Nautical. With rapid and continuous advances, esp. in to come up hand over hand. Cf. hand over fist adv. 1a. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > [phrase] > at full speed > with continuous advances

hand over hand1788

hand over fist1803

1788 P. M. Freneau Misc. Wks. 86 He pursued me at a great rate; and for a while neared me every minute hand over hand; but my manœuvres were so uncommonly excellent..that I fairly lost sight of him.

1830 F. Marryat King's Own I. xiii. 198 The frigate was within a mile of the lugger, and coming up with him hand over hand.

1861 G. F. Berkeley Eng. Sportsman in Western Prairies xvi. 268 Sylph was..coming up hand-over-hand with her game, when..I saw that the bull I had stricken..was dropping behind.

1890 W. Besant Armorel of Lyonesse I. 38 The second boat..came up hand over hand, rapidly overtaking the first boat.

1904 H. H. Montgomery Light of Melanesia (ed. 2) 260 Other Missions in the South Seas..were advancing hand over hand upon him till they had actually reached his boundaries.

1981 P. O'Brian Ionian Mission x. 288 Turkish frigate, coming up hand over hand.

b. figurative (esp. with reference to the making of money). Rapidly and continuously; methodically, easily; = hand over fist adv. 1b (now the more usual phrase).

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > manner of action > care, carefulness, or attention > [adverb] > methodically

regularlyc1475

methodically1570

normally1598

systematically1646

regular1704

scientifically1764

hand over hand1824

1824 W. Irving Tales of Traveller II. 272 He accumulated bonds and mortgages; gradually squeezed his customers... In this way he made money hand over hand.

1829 Yankee & Boston Lit. Gaz. Aug. 91 You could make money, hand-over-hand, as we say on board ship, without risk or trouble.

1884 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Nov. 584/1 The retail trade was all for ready-money... Those who were early in the field..rolled up little fortunes, hand over hand.

1901 Gas World 4 May 696/1 In purification, supervision by one man..would pay hand-over-hand.

1991 S. King in Weird Tales Summer 68/1 Joe Newall..continued to make money hand over hand. He built two sheds and a barn.

B. adj.

†1. Originally Nautical. Characterized by methodical progress and rapid advance. Cf. sense A. 3. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1832 Bell's Life in London 26 Aug. 3/5 The Yda [sc. a racing yacht] was on her way down before the Giaour, but the hand-over-hand manner in which the latter went in advance of the Yda, astonished every one.

1859 Rep. Comm. Colonization & Settlem. (India) in Sessional Papers (House of Lords) 18 133 An enormous sacrifice of revenue was made by the hand over hand manner in which the settlement was effected.

1892 Electrician 5 Feb. 366/1 The Directors have not been adding to this fund in the hand-over-hand style which might at first be imagined.

a. Swimming. Designating a method of swimming performed hand over hand. Now chiefly historical.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > progressive motion > moving with current of air or water > movement in or on water > [adjective] > swimming > specific stroke

underhand1705

hand over hand1849

overhand1876

overarm1887

under-arm1905

butterfly1934

1849 Boy's Own Bk. (new ed.) 196 (heading) Hand over hand swimming.

1856 ‘Stonehenge’ Man. Brit. Rural Sports 516/2 The Hand-over-Hand style is a very rapid mode of swimming.

1896 G. N. Curzon Pamirs & Source of Oxus 10 Their style is a hand-over-hand swimming.

1931 M. E. Waller Windmill on Dune i. 58 Little by little I taught him all my swimming tricks except the hand-over-hand stroke.

2002 C. Colwin Breakthrough Swimming i. 12/1 Trudgen's hand-over-hand stroke was said to be common to the ancients and the aborigines of America and Africa.

b. gen. Of an action or act: performed with each hand brought successively over the other.

ΚΠ

1859 M. Thomson Story of Cawnpore 86 With mere hand-over-hand labour it was wearisome work.

1884 Leisure Hour June 343/1 A final hand-over-hand climb.

1917 Bluejacket's Man. (U.S. Navy) (ed. 5) 628 Hand-over-hand hoisting is slow.

1985 R. S. Peffer Watermen (1991) 113 With a fast, hand-over-hand motion I pulled the warp out of the water.

2010 S. M. Green & I. Spencer-Green Rock Climbing 31/3 Hand-over-hand climbing up a thick rope is great training.

C. n.

Swimming. A method of swimming in which each arm is alternately brought out of the water from behind and with a circular sweep returned to the water in front; = crawl n.¹ c. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > progressive motion > moving with current of air or water > movement in or on water > [noun] > swimming > stroke > specific

hand over hand1844

sidestroke1852

breast swimming1861

steamer1861

breaststroke1864

dog paddle1874

backstroke1876

trudgen1893

frog kick1896

overstroke1902

scissors kick1902

crawl1903

scissors1908

freestyle1916

doggy paddle1921

front crawl1924

back-crawl1929

butterfly stroke1934

butterfly1936

butterfly kick1937

1844 Era 1 Sept. The swimming next ensued, commencing with the Indian style, or hand over hand.

1856 ‘Stonehenge’ Man. Brit. Rural Sports iii. i. 512/2 There are several varieties of swimming—first, the ordinary method; secondly, the upright, or Italian; thirdly, the dog-like; fourthly, the hand-over-hand.

1904 R. Thomas Swimming (rev. ed.) 139 The hand-over-hand is the most ancient stroke, at all events that is recorded.

Derivatives

ˌhand-over-ˈhander n. rare a gesture made or act performed by bringing each hand successively over the other.The exact nature of the gesture referred to in quot. 1885 is unclear.

ΚΠ

1885 Tinsley's Mag. Aug. 99 An appointment, made by means of a few telegraphic signs in the intervals of ‘double hand over handers’.

1924 R. Clements Gipsy of Horn vi. 104 Sending the royal yards aloft to a rattling hand-over-hander.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2013; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	hand over hand
释义	hand over handadv.adj.n. Brit. /ˌhand əʊvə ˈhand/, U.S. /ˌhænd oʊvər ˈhænd/ Forms: see hand n. and over prep. and conj. Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: hand n., over prep. Etymology: < hand n. + over prep. + hand n. A. adv. †1. Perhaps: properly, completely, thoroughly. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1591 H. Barrow Plaine Refut. Giffardes Bk. 19 Then thei stood Pastors & Watchmen to the whole Citie hand ouer hand as thei dwelt in the Parishes therof (being called the Watchmen of the Citie). 2. a. With each hand brought successively over the other, as in climbing up or down a rope, or rapidly hauling at one. ΚΠ 1736 B. Cooke Let. in Philos. Trans. 1737–8 (Royal Soc.) (1740) 40 380 A lusty young Man attempted to go down (hand over hand, as the Workmen call it) by means of a single Rope. 1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine sig. I Main avant, the order to pull on a rope hand-over-hand. 1857 T. Hughes Tom Brown's School Days ii. iv. 299 Up went Martin, hand over hand. 1883 W. B. Hoggan Volunteer Artillery Drill Bk. 15 He..withdraws the sponge hand over hand, turning it from him, cleaning the bore well. 1906 Outing Mag. June 353/1 Dragging in the line, hand over hand, he gave his victim no opportunity for escape. 1967 M. Craven Owl (1974) 30 The boy ran ahead to the grease pole that stood in front of the church, and up it, hand over hand. 2007 F. F. Humbles Hopchaw 28 Nick began lowering the rope of clothing hand over hand. b. Swimming. With each arm alternately brought out of the water from behind and with a circular sweep returned to the water in front.Front crawl is now the usual term for this method of swimming. ΚΠ 1831 New Eng. Mag. Aug. 134 Sputtering the water from his mouth, and then throwing himself forward, hand over hand, as if at length he really felt himself in his element. 1852 J. M. Wainwright Land of Bondage 89 He..plunged in, swimming most stoutly hand over hand. 1872 H. Gurr Art of Swimming 25 To Swim Hand-over-hand. 1922 Munsey's Mag. July 323/2 She took to the icy water, swimming hand over hand, but coolly, in form, the Australian crawl. 1997 Sport Diver Oct. 42/1 We were swimming against the current, hand over hand, to the edge of the hammerhead ridge. 3. In extended use (from sense A. 2a). a. Chiefly Nautical. With rapid and continuous advances, esp. in to come up hand over hand. Cf. hand over fist adv. 1a. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > [phrase] > at full speed > with continuous advances hand over hand1788 hand over fist1803 1788 P. M. Freneau Misc. Wks. 86 He pursued me at a great rate; and for a while neared me every minute hand over hand; but my manœuvres were so uncommonly excellent..that I fairly lost sight of him. 1830 F. Marryat King's Own I. xiii. 198 The frigate was within a mile of the lugger, and coming up with him hand over hand. 1861 G. F. Berkeley Eng. Sportsman in Western Prairies xvi. 268 Sylph was..coming up hand-over-hand with her game, when..I saw that the bull I had stricken..was dropping behind. 1890 W. Besant Armorel of Lyonesse I. 38 The second boat..came up hand over hand, rapidly overtaking the first boat. 1904 H. H. Montgomery Light of Melanesia (ed. 2) 260 Other Missions in the South Seas..were advancing hand over hand upon him till they had actually reached his boundaries. 1981 P. O'Brian Ionian Mission x. 288 Turkish frigate, coming up hand over hand. b. figurative (esp. with reference to the making of money). Rapidly and continuously; methodically, easily; = hand over fist adv. 1b (now the more usual phrase). ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > care, carefulness, or attention > [adverb] > methodically regularlyc1475 methodically1570 normally1598 systematically1646 regular1704 scientifically1764 hand over hand1824 1824 W. Irving Tales of Traveller II. 272 He accumulated bonds and mortgages; gradually squeezed his customers... In this way he made money hand over hand. 1829 Yankee & Boston Lit. Gaz. Aug. 91 You could make money, hand-over-hand, as we say on board ship, without risk or trouble. 1884 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Nov. 584/1 The retail trade was all for ready-money... Those who were early in the field..rolled up little fortunes, hand over hand. 1901 Gas World 4 May 696/1 In purification, supervision by one man..would pay hand-over-hand. 1991 S. King in Weird Tales Summer 68/1 Joe Newall..continued to make money hand over hand. He built two sheds and a barn. B. adj. †1. Originally Nautical. Characterized by methodical progress and rapid advance. Cf. sense A. 3. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1832 Bell's Life in London 26 Aug. 3/5 The Yda [sc. a racing yacht] was on her way down before the Giaour, but the hand-over-hand manner in which the latter went in advance of the Yda, astonished every one. 1859 Rep. Comm. Colonization & Settlem. (India) in Sessional Papers (House of Lords) 18 133 An enormous sacrifice of revenue was made by the hand over hand manner in which the settlement was effected. 1892 Electrician 5 Feb. 366/1 The Directors have not been adding to this fund in the hand-over-hand style which might at first be imagined. 2. a. Swimming. Designating a method of swimming performed hand over hand. Now chiefly historical. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > progressive motion > moving with current of air or water > movement in or on water > [adjective] > swimming > specific stroke underhand1705 hand over hand1849 overhand1876 overarm1887 under-arm1905 butterfly1934 1849 Boy's Own Bk. (new ed.) 196 (heading) Hand over hand swimming. 1856 ‘Stonehenge’ Man. Brit. Rural Sports 516/2 The Hand-over-Hand style is a very rapid mode of swimming. 1896 G. N. Curzon Pamirs & Source of Oxus 10 Their style is a hand-over-hand swimming. 1931 M. E. Waller Windmill on Dune i. 58 Little by little I taught him all my swimming tricks except the hand-over-hand stroke. 2002 C. Colwin Breakthrough Swimming i. 12/1 Trudgen's hand-over-hand stroke was said to be common to the ancients and the aborigines of America and Africa. b. gen. Of an action or act: performed with each hand brought successively over the other. ΚΠ 1859 M. Thomson Story of Cawnpore 86 With mere hand-over-hand labour it was wearisome work. 1884 Leisure Hour June 343/1 A final hand-over-hand climb. 1917 Bluejacket's Man. (U.S. Navy) (ed. 5) 628 Hand-over-hand hoisting is slow. 1985 R. S. Peffer Watermen (1991) 113 With a fast, hand-over-hand motion I pulled the warp out of the water. 2010 S. M. Green & I. Spencer-Green Rock Climbing 31/3 Hand-over-hand climbing up a thick rope is great training. C. n. Swimming. A method of swimming in which each arm is alternately brought out of the water from behind and with a circular sweep returned to the water in front; = crawl n.¹ c. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > progressive motion > moving with current of air or water > movement in or on water > [noun] > swimming > stroke > specific hand over hand1844 sidestroke1852 breast swimming1861 steamer1861 breaststroke1864 dog paddle1874 backstroke1876 trudgen1893 frog kick1896 overstroke1902 scissors kick1902 crawl1903 scissors1908 freestyle1916 doggy paddle1921 front crawl1924 back-crawl1929 butterfly stroke1934 butterfly1936 butterfly kick1937 1844 Era 1 Sept. The swimming next ensued, commencing with the Indian style, or hand over hand. 1856 ‘Stonehenge’ Man. Brit. Rural Sports iii. i. 512/2 There are several varieties of swimming—first, the ordinary method; secondly, the upright, or Italian; thirdly, the dog-like; fourthly, the hand-over-hand. 1904 R. Thomas Swimming (rev. ed.) 139 The hand-over-hand is the most ancient stroke, at all events that is recorded. Derivatives ˌhand-over-ˈhander n. rare a gesture made or act performed by bringing each hand successively over the other.The exact nature of the gesture referred to in quot. 1885 is unclear. ΚΠ 1885 Tinsley's Mag. Aug. 99 An appointment, made by means of a few telegraphic signs in the intervals of ‘double hand over handers’. 1924 R. Clements Gipsy of Horn vi. 104 Sending the royal yards aloft to a rattling hand-over-hander. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2013; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adv.adj.n.1591
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