fueln.

Brit.

/ˈfjuːəl/, U.S.

/ˈfju(ə)l/

Forms: Middle English fewaile, Middle English–1500s fewall, Middle English–1700s fewel(l, Middle English fowayle, Middle English fowaly, fowel(l, Middle English Scottish fwaill, Middle English–1600s fuell(e, 1700s feuel, 1600s– fuel.

Etymology: < Old French fowaille, feuaile < popular Latin focālia , neuter plural of focālis adjective, < focus fire: see focus n. In the mediaeval Latin of France and England focalia plural, focale or focalium singular, frequently occur in charters with reference to the obligation to furnish or the right to demand supplies of fuel.

a. Material for burning, combustible matter as used in fires, etc.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > fuel > [noun]

tindera700

foodOE

eletc1200

firec1300

fuela1398

eldinga1400

firingc1487

betting1521

pabulum1675

fire block1834

fire mixture1855

alternative fuel1906

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xv. cix. 788 In many place þe grounde is glewy, and þerof they maken goode fuelle.

c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (Roxb.) xxvii. 126 Men..driez bestez dung and brynnez for defaute of fewaile.

a1475 Bk. Curtasye (Sloane 1986) l. 385 in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 311 Fuelle þat schalle brenne In halle.

1548 W. Forrest Pleasaunt Poesye 347 in T. Starkey Eng. in Reign King Henry VIII (1878) i. p. xcv Meate clothe and fewell withe the same to bye.

1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. x. 497 Divers kinds of Coale, and earth fewell.

1726 J. Swift Gulliver II. iii. i. 9 Dry Grass and Sea-weed which I intended for Fewel.

1815 M. Elphinstone Acct. Kingdom Caubul ii. x. 292 Shrubs, which..serve for fuel.

1827 M. Faraday Chem. Manip. iv. 98 The fuel to be used in furnaces..coal, coke, and charcoal.

b. ⁋In the poem of Coer de Lion, which contains some of the earliest known examples of the word in English, it seems to be used for ‘victuals, provisions’, perhaps by a misinterpretation of the Old French phrase bouche et fouaille ‘meat and fuel’, which seems to have been current as a general expression for the necessaries of life; cf. the quots. from Barbour below.

ΚΠ

a1400 Coer de L. 1471 No man selle hem no fowayle.

a1400 Coer de L. 1545 ‘Swylk fowayle as we bought yistyrday, For no catel get I may.’ Rychard aunsweryd..‘Off froyt here is gret plente!’.

1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) iv. 170 [Thai] na wittaill na fwaill [1489 Adv. fewell] had.

1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) iv. 64 The castell weill vittalit thai, With met and fwaill [1489 Adv. fuell] can purvay.

c. figurative; esp. something that serves to feed or inflame passion, excitement, or the like.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > passion > ardour or fervour > [noun] > stirring up or inflaming passion > one who or that which

fan1530

fuel?1594

incendiary1628

incendiator1653

inflammatory1681

inflammativea1711

enkindler1853

?1594 M. Drayton Peirs Gaueston sig. C2^v My blandishments were fewell to his fyer.

c1595 Countess of Pembroke Psalme cxlvii. 28 in Coll. Wks. (1998) II. 249 [He] Fuell of life to mountaine cattaile yeeldes.

1641 J. Jackson True Evangelical Temper iii. 206 They foment, and adde fuell to their inimicitious qualities.

1681 W. Temple Mem. iii, in Wks. (1731) I. 339 Lord Shaftsbury had been busie in preparing Fewel for next Session.

1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 150. ⁋6 Where each Party is always laying up Fuel for Dissention.

1817 J. Mill Hist. Brit. India II. iv. viii. 273 This elevation added fuel to the ambition of Hyder.

1835 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece I. viii. 299 Enjoyments which could supply fuel to private cupidity.

1855 A. Bain Senses & Intellect ii. iii. 559 Difficulty adds fuel to the flame.

2. (With a and plural) A kind of fuel. †Also plural in collective sense, articles serving as fuel.

ΚΠ

1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §775 Turf, and Peat, and Cow-sheards are cheap Fewels, and last long.

a1694 M. Robinson Autobiogr. (1856) 60 That none should be troublesome to their neighbours by cutting their wood or breaking their fuels.

1776 A. Smith Inq. Wealth of Nations I. i. xi. 208 Coals are a less agreeable fewel than wood.

1858 D. Lardner Hand-bk. Nat. Philos.: Hydrostatics, Pneumatics, & Heat (new ed.) 386 This fuel, like coal, consists principally of carbon and hydrogen in various proportions.

1894 Daily News 25 May 2/6 Mr. G. Stockfleth read a paper on ‘Liquid Fuels’.

3. Specific senses, related more or less closely to senses 1, 2Senses 1c, 3c may be regarded as uses of senses 1, 2 in specific contexts. Senses 1a, 3d represent two extensions in sense, more or less corresponding to similar extensions in the meaning of burn vb. and combustion.

a. Food, regarded as that which supplies the body with energy; those constituents of food which are utilized by the body to produce energy. (Usually as a conscious metaphor.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > [noun] > food as supplying body with energy

fuel1876

fuel food1905

1876 A. H. Church Food i. i. 1 In the case of the human body we likewise have, first, a material structure; secondly, fuel, in the form of our daily rations of food.

1902 W. G. Thompson Pract. Dietetics (ed. 2) i. 9 If water is withheld, preventing the transportation of the fuel and oxygen to various parts of the body, death follows in about two to seven days or more.

1949 L. J. Bogert Nutrition & Physical Fitness (ed. 5) viii. 121 Calorie values are especially useful in thinking or talking of food as body fuel.

1952 J. S. McLester & W. J. Darby Nutrition & Diet (ed. 6) iii. 39 In the calculation of fuel requirements, the physician will not go far astray if he adds to the physiologic basal metabolism some 10 per cent to cover the cost of the specific dynamic action of the ingested food.

1964 A. Z. Baker Dietetics & Nutrition ii. 21 When other energy-releasing foods are lacking, as in starvation, body proteins are used as fuel.

1968 R. Passmore & J. S. Robson Compan. Med. Stud. I. iv. 2 The fuels of the body are carbohydrate, fat, protein and ethyl alcohol, taken in the diet.

1970 P. Fisher & A. E. Bender Value of Food i. 19 When fuel, for example glucose, is burned oxygen is used and carbon dioxide is formed.

b. (A kind of) liquid or other material which by its combustion with air in an internal combustion engine provides power.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > fuel > [noun] > for internal-combustion engine

fuel1886

go-juice1923

1886 D. Clerk Gas Engine i. 23 The fuel..is, in the gas engine, introduced directly to the motive cylinder and burned there. It is indeed part of the working fluid.

1902 H. W. Staner in A. C. Harmsworth et al. Motors & Motor-driving (Badminton Libr. of Sports & Pastimes) xii. 243 Instead of the combustible or fuel being burned..in the cylinder of the engine, as in the internal combustion engine of the petrol car, it is burned under a boiler.

c1915 Autocar Handbk. (ed. 6) iii. 61 The function of the carburetter is to convert the liquid fuel (petrol in most cases) into a gas.

1918 V. W. Pagé Aviation Engines v. 110 The power obtained from the gas-engine depends upon the combustion of fuel in the cylinders.

1955 Times 26 Aug. 4/5 In a conventional jet engine all the air is compressed and then heated by the injection of burning fuel.

1963 C. Campbell Sports Car Engine iv. 61 The commercial motor fuels sold to-day are all blended to conform to a very narrow specification.

c. (A kind of) material which reacts with an oxidizer to produce thrust (in a rocket engine) or electricity (in a fuel cell). Also loosely, a propellant.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > fuel > chemical fuel > [noun] > used in rocketry

liquid fuel1889

solid fuel1891

propellant1919

fuel1922

rocket fuel1931

hypergol1947

hypergolic1947

lox1949

monopropellant1949

1922 Trans. Faraday Soc. 17 467 If..natural fuel consisted of metallic zinc—not coal—it could be burnt in primary cells to give electrical power directly.

1929 R. H. Goddard Papers (1970) II. 662 Construction and tests of rocket having same fuel capacity as large rocket previously used in tests of lifting power.

1929 R. H. Goddard Papers (1970) II. 675 The ascent [of the rocket] was about 100 feet, the horizontal distance being much greater, but there was fuel enough to last about half a minute.

1947 W. Ley Rockets & Space Trav. (1948) x. 238 For the more distant future one may speculate on monatomic hydrogen as a rocket fuel.

1952 E. Burgess Rocket Propulsion i. 14 Essentially then, the rocket consists of two tanks containing a fuel and an oxidiser and these two propellants are forced into a combustion chamber.

1962 A. Shepard in J. Glenn et al. Into Orbit 97 At 3:30 a.m., with the liquid oxygen fuel already loaded aboard the booster, the technicians..declared a hold.

1966 McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. (rev. ed.) V. 551/2 Modern fuel cells use gaseous fuels, either H₂ or CO or mixtures of these gases. The oxidizer is normally oxygen or air.

1970 C. M. Beighley et al. in G. A. Partel Space Engin. 167 Current operational propellants are based on hydrogen and hydrogen-rich compounds of carbon and nitrogen as fuels and oxygen or oxygen-based oxidizers.

d. Nuclear Physics. (A kind of) material used as a source of energy in a nuclear reactor; material that can support a self-sustaining chain reaction.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > atomic nucleus > nuclear fission > nuclear fuel > [noun]

fuel1946

1946 Edison Electric Inst. Bull. Jan. 23/3 Large power and heating plants using atomic fuel.

1948 Nature 28 Aug. 318/1 Uranium 235, the only naturally occurring, or ‘primary’, nuclear fuel must be made to breed ‘secondary’ fuel from more abundant materials: either plutonium from uranium 238 or U233 from thorium.

1950 S. Glasstone Sourcebk. Atomic Energy xiv. 402/2 In the construction of a breeder reactor, the fertile material..may form a blanket or reflecting shield surrounding the core of fuel.

1962 F. I. Ordway et al. Basic Astronautics x. 421 Less than 1 percent of the uranium fuel will be fissioned in present rocket engine reactors.

1963 B. Fozard Instrumentation Nucl. Reactors xiii. 158 For a given core arrangement the reactivity depends upon the balance between the amount of neutron-producing material (fuel) and the amount of neutron-absorbing material (absorber).

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

fuel consumption n.

ΚΠ

1890 W. Robinson Gas & Petroleum Engines i. 6 The total fuel consumption..was only 1·2 lb. per indicated horse-power per hour.

1907 S. M. Woodward & J. Preston tr. E. Sorel Carbureting & Combustion in Alcohol Engines i. 18 It is probable that for any given engine the fuel consumption is also affected by the quantity and temperature of cooling water used.

1971 Selling Today Sept. 4/2 Devices for cutting fuel consumption are frequently advertised as bringing about substantial savings in motoring costs.

fuel economy n.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > management of money > expenditure > moderation or reduction in expenditure > [noun] > by conservation of energy resources

fuel economy1904

monergy1985

1904 Booth & Kershaw (title) Smoke prevention and fuel economy.

1932 Economist 2 Jan. 9/2 Continental makers had no advantage over Great Britain in coal. But that undoubtedly stimulated European pursuit of important methods of fuel economy.

1979 Washington Post 12 Aug. a2/1 More efficient and durable products and buildings, automobiles with higher fuel economy, [etc.].

fuel-forest n.

ΚΠ

1895 Daily News 16 May 6/5 A French fuel forest.

fuel-house n.

ΚΠ

1808 C. Vancouver Gen. View Agric. Devon Concl. 473 Fuel-house.

fuel-log n.

ΚΠ

1897 M. Kingsley Trav. W. Afr. 126 One half of her deck is dedicated to fuel logs.

fuel tank n.

ΚΠ

1900 A. H. Goldingham Oil Engines i. 13 The oil is stored under pressure in the fuel-tank.

1935 Economist 7 Dec. 1144/2 The adoption of fuel pressure systems..has enabled the fuel tank to be located in a non-vulnerable position.

1959 Observer 1 Mar. 21/5 Twin fuel tanks in the rear wings leave space for a big, deep trunk.

fuel-wood n.

ΚΠ

1668 Bp. J. Wilkins Ess. Real Char. 330 Hay, Straw, Fewel wood.

1825 W. Cobbett Rural Rides in Cobbett's Weekly Polit. Reg. 5 Nov. 323 There is a good deal of fuel-wood.

fuel economic n.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > management of money > expenditure > moderation or reduction in expenditure > [adjective] > efficient economically > specific through energy resources

fuel economic1975

1975 Aviation Week & Space Technol. 10 Nov. 87/1 Laminar flow control..is one technology—which NASA separates from the fuel economic aircraft studies.

1983 Punch 27 Apr. 69/2 These are incorporated in the full range of Pirelli tyres, from the highly successful P4 and P6 to the fuel-economic P8.

C2. Special combinations.

fuel-efficient adj.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > fuel > [adjective] > using efficiently

energy-efficient1970

fuel-efficient1975

1975 Business Week 20 Jan. 82/1 Detroit must learn to build cars that are both fuel-efficient and reasonably priced.

1979 Time 2 Apr. 21/2 With only two engines and a ‘supercritical’ wing that cuts aerodynamic drag, it is the most fuel-efficient commercial jet flying today.

† fuel-bear n. Obsolete (see quot. and bier n.).

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > furnace or kiln > furnace > parts of furnace > [noun] > grate

fuel-bear1612

bing1674

step-grate1869

1612 S. Sturtevant Metallica xv. 111 The Fewell-beare, is a generall part of a Furnace which beareth and holdeth the fewel and fire.

fuel cell n. a primary cell which consumes fuel continuously and converts its chemical energy directly into electrical energy.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > galvanism, voltaism > [noun] > primary cell

Leclanché cell1871

bichromate battery1873

fuel cell1922

1922 Trans. Faraday Soc. 17 482 Fuel cells may be classified as—(1) Direct fuel-cells burning solid fuel... (2) Semi-direct fuel-cells burning gaseous fuel... (3) Indirect cells of (a) Oxidation-reduction Type... (b) Metal Anode Type.

1956 Engineer 20 July 93 (heading) High-pressure hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell.

1969 New Scientist 13 Nov. (Energy Suppl.) 16/2 Both the Gemini and Apollo programmes relied on fuel cells of different kinds for their power.

fuel-economizer n. a contrivance for saving fuel in an engine or furnace.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > furnace or kiln > furnace > parts of furnace > [noun] > fuel-saving devices

regenerator1833

recuperator1864

fuel-economizer1880

1880 Engineering 2 Apr. 262 An arrangement of fuel economiser.

fuel efficiency n. the efficient use of fuel in an engine or other system; the capacity of an engine to obtain energy from fuel.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > fuel > [noun] > efficient use of

energy efficiency1888

fuel efficiency1974

1974 Science 19 Apr. 265/1 The present concern with fuel efficiency in industry follows a wave of unprecedented oil price increases.

1978 Newsweek (Atlantic ed.) 25 Sept. 39/2 The EPA fuel-efficiency standards have left their mark on every automaker.

1982 Gloss. Terms Solid Mineral Fuels (Standards Assoc. Austral.) vi. 5 Fuel efficiency, the proportion of the potential heat of a fuel converted into a required form of energy.

1986 Financial Times 6 Aug. 8/2 This in turn leads to lower weight, improved fuel efficiency and quieter operation.

fuel element n. an assemblage of nuclear fuel with other materials to form a unit for use in a reactor; also fuel rod.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > atomic nucleus > nuclear fission > nuclear fuel > [noun] > rod or bar of

slug1945

fuel rod1951

1951 Nucleonics Nov. 20/1 The fission products gradually build up inside these sealed fuel elements.

1970 Nature 26 Dec. 1245/2 Among the recent innovations is the introduction of fuel elements in the form of large blocks of graphite with machined holes to carry tubular pins.

fuel-feeder n. (see quot.).

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > furnace or kiln > furnace > parts of furnace > [noun] > fuel-feeders

fuel-feeder1874

mechanical stoker1884

chain-grate1889

1874 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. I. 921/2 Fuel-feeder, a device for feeding fuel in graduated quantities to a furnace.

fuel food n. food that is rich in fats or carbohydrates and therefore provides the body with energy, in contrast to food that is of value chiefly because of the vitamins or trace elements it contains.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > [noun] > food as supplying body with energy

fuel1876

fuel food1905

1905 Daily Chron. 14 July 4/4 At the present period of year there is comparatively little demand for fuel-food.

1944 J. S. Huxley On Living in Revol. xiii. 134 The civilian population..will have been going short of vitamins and fuel-foods.

fuel-gas n. gas intended for use as fuel.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > fuel > gas or types of gas > [noun]

gas1808

oil-gas1820

wood-gasc1865

town gas1867

fuel-gas1886

power gas1901

bottled gas1930

biogas1958

North Sea gas1965

1886 Jrnl. Franklin Inst. 121 311 Some form of fuel-gas will be manufactured to take its place.

fuel injection n. the direct introduction of fuel under pressure into the combustion chamber or its intakes in an internal combustion engine.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > machines which impart power > engine > internal-combustion engine > [noun] > parts of > fuel injector > injection of fluid

injection1842

fuel injection1900

priming1911

direct injection1935

petrol injection1940

1900 A. H. Goldingham Oil Engines 53 This method of fuel injection forms the subject-matter of U.S. patent 650,583, granted to the writer May 29, 1900.

1941 Nature 26 July 105/1 The Minister of Aircraft Production..mentioned that where the British aero engine industry uses the carburettor, the Germans have adopted the fuel injection system.

1966 McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. (rev. ed.) V. 555/2 In engines with continuous combustion, such as gas turbines and liquid-fueled rockets, fuel injection is necessary because the pumping action of piston-type engines is unavailable to draw fuel into the combustion chamber.

fuel injector n. the nozzle through which the fuel is forced, with its associated valve mechanism.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > machines which impart power > engine > internal-combustion engine > [noun] > parts of > fuel injector

injector1912

fuel injector1914

1914 Hiscox & Pagé Gas, Gasoline & Oil-Engines (ed. 21) xvii. 458 The fuel injectors are of the orthodox pattern with oil-spreading plates.

1962 F. I. Ordway et al. Basic Astronautics x. 401 The combustion chamber contains the fuel injectors, spark plugs, flame holder, and the exhaust nozzle.

fuel oil n. oil used as fuel in an engine or furnace.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > fuel > oil or types of oil > [noun]

lamp oila1586

oil fuel1888

fuel oil1893

power oil1957

North Sea oil1965

1893 Power Mar. 6 A contract..for the supply of all fuel oil required during 1893.

1957 ‘N. Shute’ On Beach i. 4 He had returned to Williamstown in Anzac on the last of her fuel oil.

fuel rod n. Nuclear Engineering a long, slender piece of fuel for a nuclear reactor.

ΚΠ

1947 C. Goodman Sci. & Engin. Nucl. Power I. 319 Solid fuel rods, clad with a non-corrosive metallic coating.

1964 Jrnl. Brit. Nucl. Energy Soc. 3 298/1 By utilizing a high energy, high strain rate deformation process, the fuel rod is not only completely encapsulated but..the can wall is pressurized into the anti-rachetting grooves.

1979 K. Follett Triple iv. 77 The reactor has three thousand fuel channels, each channel containing eight fuel rods.

1991 Nucl. Energy June 165/1 Light Water Reactor (LWR) fuel rod irradiations are conducted using irradiation capsules specially designed to simulate Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) and Boiling Water Reactor (BWR) operational conditions.

fuel-value n. (a) the value of a combustible article as fuel; (b) the value of food as a source of energy; the amount of energy obtained by the body from a given quantity of food.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > [noun] > food value

food value1859

fuel-value1886

biological value1915

society > occupation and work > materials > fuel > [noun] > value as fuel

fuel-value1886

1886 Lett. fr. Donegal 36 Bog once ‘cut out’ does not grow again, and the fuel-value is permanently lost to the land.

1902 W. G. Thompson Pract. Dietetics (ed. 2) i. 13 A day labourer requires 0·28 pound of protein per diem plus enough fat and carbohydrate to yield a total fuel value of 3,500 calories.

1928 A. B. Callow Food & Health 18 Water cannot be burnt in the body, and therefore has no fuel-value.

1949 L. J. Bogert Nutrition & Physical Fitness (ed. 5) viii. 122 In general, the foods with high fuel value will be seen to be those which are either rich in fat or low in water content.

1964 H. H. Mitchell Compar. Nutrition Man & Domest. Animals II. xviii. 480 In terms commonly used in human nutrition, the fuel value or available energy in the diet would be 2745 cal.

Draft additions 1993

fuel-injected adj. of a motor engine or vehicle: equipped with a fuel-injection system; also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > rate of motion > swiftness > swift movement in specific manner > [adjective] > moving with sudden speed or darting

scautanda1400

lashing14..

launchanta1500

shooting1535

flitting1620

darting1664

jetting1694

arrowy1797

jaculatorial1856

fuel-injected1963

society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > powered vehicle > [adjective] > of or relating to motor vehicles > relating to engine

recon1946

fuel-injected1963

lean-burn1975

1963 Times 27 Apr. 3/3 J. Clark set a new unofficial lap record in his fuel injected Lotus 25.

1972 Drive Spring 143/3 The advanced, fuel-injected, 5.3 litre engine is tuned with ultimate acceleration and speed in mind.

1989 N.Y. Times Bk. Rev. 29 Oct. 38/4 The narrative moves along at a fuel-injected clip.

Draft additions December 2015

figurative. to add fuel to the fire (or flames) and variants: to cause a situation or conflict to become more intense; spec. to worsen or intensify a situation which is already tense or volatile. Also with of.

ΚΠ

1611 J. Speed Hist. Great Brit. ix. viii. 486/2 The King..caused all his Temporalities to bee seized on by his Sheriffe; whom therefore Geffry (adding fresh fuel to the fire) did solemnly excommunicate.

1620 W. Barlow tr. Two Lett. or Embassies sig. B4^v We..would bee loath to see you bring fuell to the flames of this disturbance.

1682 Loyal Protestant & True Domestick Intelligence 4 Nov. His Instructions used to add fuel to the fire of Sedition.

1789 D. Ramsay Hist. Amer. Revol. I. ii. 91 These annual orations administered fuel to the fire of liberty.

1822 Museum of Foreign Lit. Sept. 279 Scorn and disdain provoke their mutual ire, And keen revenge adds fuel to the fire.

1907 Mich. Alumnus May 320/1 The excitement over this question has waxed almost hysterical, and some of our esteemed daily contemporaries..regularly add fuel to the flames.

1997 A. Sivanandan When Memory Dies ii. ix. 225 The rumours were worse than the facts, but they added fuel to the fire.

2015 Times (Nexis) 3 July 19 The figures added fuel to the fire in the row over seven-day GP access.

Draft additions December 2002

fuel poverty n. chiefly British the condition of being unable to afford sufficient fuel for one's domestic needs, esp. for heating.

ΚΠ

1976 J. Lewis & M. Winwood in Social Work Today 15 Apr. 44/2 Fuel poverty for an individual or a family refers to insufficient resources to meet ‘fuel needs’.

1992 New Scientist 4 Jan. 40/1 There are now an estimated seven million households in Britain suffering from fuel poverty.

2000 Environmental Health News 18 Feb. 5/3 [They] manage the New Home Energy Efficiency Scheme, a programme to tackle fuel poverty through better heating and insulation.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	fuel
释义	fueln. Brit. /ˈfjuːəl/, U.S. /ˈfju(ə)l/ Forms: Middle English fewaile, Middle English–1500s fewall, Middle English–1700s fewel(l, Middle English fowayle, Middle English fowaly, fowel(l, Middle English Scottish fwaill, Middle English–1600s fuell(e, 1700s feuel, 1600s– fuel. Etymology: < Old French fowaille, feuaile < popular Latin focālia , neuter plural of focālis adjective, < focus fire: see focus n. In the mediaeval Latin of France and England focalia plural, focale or focalium singular, frequently occur in charters with reference to the obligation to furnish or the right to demand supplies of fuel. 1. a. Material for burning, combustible matter as used in fires, etc. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > fuel > [noun] tindera700 foodOE eletc1200 firec1300 fuela1398 eldinga1400 firingc1487 betting1521 pabulum1675 fire block1834 fire mixture1855 alternative fuel1906 a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xv. cix. 788 In many place þe grounde is glewy, and þerof they maken goode fuelle. c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (Roxb.) xxvii. 126 Men..driez bestez dung and brynnez for defaute of fewaile. a1475 Bk. Curtasye (Sloane 1986) l. 385 in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 311 Fuelle þat schalle brenne In halle. 1548 W. Forrest Pleasaunt Poesye 347 in T. Starkey Eng. in Reign King Henry VIII (1878) i. p. xcv Meate clothe and fewell withe the same to bye. 1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. x. 497 Divers kinds of Coale, and earth fewell. 1726 J. Swift Gulliver II. iii. i. 9 Dry Grass and Sea-weed which I intended for Fewel. 1815 M. Elphinstone Acct. Kingdom Caubul ii. x. 292 Shrubs, which..serve for fuel. 1827 M. Faraday Chem. Manip. iv. 98 The fuel to be used in furnaces..coal, coke, and charcoal. b. ⁋In the poem of Coer de Lion, which contains some of the earliest known examples of the word in English, it seems to be used for ‘victuals, provisions’, perhaps by a misinterpretation of the Old French phrase bouche et fouaille ‘meat and fuel’, which seems to have been current as a general expression for the necessaries of life; cf. the quots. from Barbour below. ΚΠ a1400 Coer de L. 1471 No man selle hem no fowayle. a1400 Coer de L. 1545 ‘Swylk fowayle as we bought yistyrday, For no catel get I may.’ Rychard aunsweryd..‘Off froyt here is gret plente!’. 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) iv. 170 [Thai] na wittaill na fwaill [1489 Adv. fewell] had. 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) iv. 64 The castell weill vittalit thai, With met and fwaill [1489 Adv. fuell] can purvay. c. figurative; esp. something that serves to feed or inflame passion, excitement, or the like. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > passion > ardour or fervour > [noun] > stirring up or inflaming passion > one who or that which fan1530 fuel?1594 incendiary1628 incendiator1653 inflammatory1681 inflammativea1711 enkindler1853 ?1594 M. Drayton Peirs Gaueston sig. C2^v My blandishments were fewell to his fyer. c1595 Countess of Pembroke Psalme cxlvii. 28 in Coll. Wks. (1998) II. 249 [He] Fuell of life to mountaine cattaile yeeldes. 1641 J. Jackson True Evangelical Temper iii. 206 They foment, and adde fuell to their inimicitious qualities. 1681 W. Temple Mem. iii, in Wks. (1731) I. 339 Lord Shaftsbury had been busie in preparing Fewel for next Session. 1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 150. ⁋6 Where each Party is always laying up Fuel for Dissention. 1817 J. Mill Hist. Brit. India II. iv. viii. 273 This elevation added fuel to the ambition of Hyder. 1835 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece I. viii. 299 Enjoyments which could supply fuel to private cupidity. 1855 A. Bain Senses & Intellect ii. iii. 559 Difficulty adds fuel to the flame. 2. (With a and plural) A kind of fuel. †Also plural in collective sense, articles serving as fuel. ΚΠ 1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §775 Turf, and Peat, and Cow-sheards are cheap Fewels, and last long. a1694 M. Robinson Autobiogr. (1856) 60 That none should be troublesome to their neighbours by cutting their wood or breaking their fuels. 1776 A. Smith Inq. Wealth of Nations I. i. xi. 208 Coals are a less agreeable fewel than wood. View more context for this quotation 1858 D. Lardner Hand-bk. Nat. Philos.: Hydrostatics, Pneumatics, & Heat (new ed.) 386 This fuel, like coal, consists principally of carbon and hydrogen in various proportions. 1894 Daily News 25 May 2/6 Mr. G. Stockfleth read a paper on ‘Liquid Fuels’. 3. Specific senses, related more or less closely to senses 1, 2Senses 1c, 3c may be regarded as uses of senses 1, 2 in specific contexts. Senses 1a, 3d represent two extensions in sense, more or less corresponding to similar extensions in the meaning of burn vb. and combustion. a. Food, regarded as that which supplies the body with energy; those constituents of food which are utilized by the body to produce energy. (Usually as a conscious metaphor.) ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > [noun] > food as supplying body with energy fuel1876 fuel food1905 1876 A. H. Church Food i. i. 1 In the case of the human body we likewise have, first, a material structure; secondly, fuel, in the form of our daily rations of food. 1902 W. G. Thompson Pract. Dietetics (ed. 2) i. 9 If water is withheld, preventing the transportation of the fuel and oxygen to various parts of the body, death follows in about two to seven days or more. 1949 L. J. Bogert Nutrition & Physical Fitness (ed. 5) viii. 121 Calorie values are especially useful in thinking or talking of food as body fuel. 1952 J. S. McLester & W. J. Darby Nutrition & Diet (ed. 6) iii. 39 In the calculation of fuel requirements, the physician will not go far astray if he adds to the physiologic basal metabolism some 10 per cent to cover the cost of the specific dynamic action of the ingested food. 1964 A. Z. Baker Dietetics & Nutrition ii. 21 When other energy-releasing foods are lacking, as in starvation, body proteins are used as fuel. 1968 R. Passmore & J. S. Robson Compan. Med. Stud. I. iv. 2 The fuels of the body are carbohydrate, fat, protein and ethyl alcohol, taken in the diet. 1970 P. Fisher & A. E. Bender Value of Food i. 19 When fuel, for example glucose, is burned oxygen is used and carbon dioxide is formed. b. (A kind of) liquid or other material which by its combustion with air in an internal combustion engine provides power. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > fuel > [noun] > for internal-combustion engine fuel1886 go-juice1923 1886 D. Clerk Gas Engine i. 23 The fuel..is, in the gas engine, introduced directly to the motive cylinder and burned there. It is indeed part of the working fluid. 1902 H. W. Staner in A. C. Harmsworth et al. Motors & Motor-driving (Badminton Libr. of Sports & Pastimes) xii. 243 Instead of the combustible or fuel being burned..in the cylinder of the engine, as in the internal combustion engine of the petrol car, it is burned under a boiler. c1915 Autocar Handbk. (ed. 6) iii. 61 The function of the carburetter is to convert the liquid fuel (petrol in most cases) into a gas. 1918 V. W. Pagé Aviation Engines v. 110 The power obtained from the gas-engine depends upon the combustion of fuel in the cylinders. 1955 Times 26 Aug. 4/5 In a conventional jet engine all the air is compressed and then heated by the injection of burning fuel. 1963 C. Campbell Sports Car Engine iv. 61 The commercial motor fuels sold to-day are all blended to conform to a very narrow specification. c. (A kind of) material which reacts with an oxidizer to produce thrust (in a rocket engine) or electricity (in a fuel cell). Also loosely, a propellant. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > fuel > chemical fuel > [noun] > used in rocketry liquid fuel1889 solid fuel1891 propellant1919 fuel1922 rocket fuel1931 hypergol1947 hypergolic1947 lox1949 monopropellant1949 1922 Trans. Faraday Soc. 17 467 If..natural fuel consisted of metallic zinc—not coal—it could be burnt in primary cells to give electrical power directly. 1929 R. H. Goddard Papers (1970) II. 662 Construction and tests of rocket having same fuel capacity as large rocket previously used in tests of lifting power. 1929 R. H. Goddard Papers (1970) II. 675 The ascent [of the rocket] was about 100 feet, the horizontal distance being much greater, but there was fuel enough to last about half a minute. 1947 W. Ley Rockets & Space Trav. (1948) x. 238 For the more distant future one may speculate on monatomic hydrogen as a rocket fuel. 1952 E. Burgess Rocket Propulsion i. 14 Essentially then, the rocket consists of two tanks containing a fuel and an oxidiser and these two propellants are forced into a combustion chamber. 1962 A. Shepard in J. Glenn et al. Into Orbit 97 At 3:30 a.m., with the liquid oxygen fuel already loaded aboard the booster, the technicians..declared a hold. 1966 McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. (rev. ed.) V. 551/2 Modern fuel cells use gaseous fuels, either H₂ or CO or mixtures of these gases. The oxidizer is normally oxygen or air. 1970 C. M. Beighley et al. in G. A. Partel Space Engin. 167 Current operational propellants are based on hydrogen and hydrogen-rich compounds of carbon and nitrogen as fuels and oxygen or oxygen-based oxidizers. d. Nuclear Physics. (A kind of) material used as a source of energy in a nuclear reactor; material that can support a self-sustaining chain reaction. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > atomic nucleus > nuclear fission > nuclear fuel > [noun] fuel1946 1946 Edison Electric Inst. Bull. Jan. 23/3 Large power and heating plants using atomic fuel. 1948 Nature 28 Aug. 318/1 Uranium 235, the only naturally occurring, or ‘primary’, nuclear fuel must be made to breed ‘secondary’ fuel from more abundant materials: either plutonium from uranium 238 or U233 from thorium. 1950 S. Glasstone Sourcebk. Atomic Energy xiv. 402/2 In the construction of a breeder reactor, the fertile material..may form a blanket or reflecting shield surrounding the core of fuel. 1962 F. I. Ordway et al. Basic Astronautics x. 421 Less than 1 percent of the uranium fuel will be fissioned in present rocket engine reactors. 1963 B. Fozard Instrumentation Nucl. Reactors xiii. 158 For a given core arrangement the reactivity depends upon the balance between the amount of neutron-producing material (fuel) and the amount of neutron-absorbing material (absorber). Compounds C1. General attributive. a. fuel consumption n. ΚΠ 1890 W. Robinson Gas & Petroleum Engines i. 6 The total fuel consumption..was only 1·2 lb. per indicated horse-power per hour. 1907 S. M. Woodward & J. Preston tr. E. Sorel Carbureting & Combustion in Alcohol Engines i. 18 It is probable that for any given engine the fuel consumption is also affected by the quantity and temperature of cooling water used. 1971 Selling Today Sept. 4/2 Devices for cutting fuel consumption are frequently advertised as bringing about substantial savings in motoring costs. fuel economy n. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > management of money > expenditure > moderation or reduction in expenditure > [noun] > by conservation of energy resources fuel economy1904 monergy1985 1904 Booth & Kershaw (title) Smoke prevention and fuel economy. 1932 Economist 2 Jan. 9/2 Continental makers had no advantage over Great Britain in coal. But that undoubtedly stimulated European pursuit of important methods of fuel economy. 1979 Washington Post 12 Aug. a2/1 More efficient and durable products and buildings, automobiles with higher fuel economy, [etc.]. fuel-forest n. ΚΠ 1895 Daily News 16 May 6/5 A French fuel forest. fuel-house n. ΚΠ 1808 C. Vancouver Gen. View Agric. Devon Concl. 473 Fuel-house. fuel-log n. ΚΠ 1897 M. Kingsley Trav. W. Afr. 126 One half of her deck is dedicated to fuel logs. fuel tank n. ΚΠ 1900 A. H. Goldingham Oil Engines i. 13 The oil is stored under pressure in the fuel-tank. 1935 Economist 7 Dec. 1144/2 The adoption of fuel pressure systems..has enabled the fuel tank to be located in a non-vulnerable position. 1959 Observer 1 Mar. 21/5 Twin fuel tanks in the rear wings leave space for a big, deep trunk. fuel-wood n. ΚΠ 1668 Bp. J. Wilkins Ess. Real Char. 330 Hay, Straw, Fewel wood. 1825 W. Cobbett Rural Rides in Cobbett's Weekly Polit. Reg. 5 Nov. 323 There is a good deal of fuel-wood. b. fuel economic n. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > management of money > expenditure > moderation or reduction in expenditure > [adjective] > efficient economically > specific through energy resources fuel economic1975 1975 Aviation Week & Space Technol. 10 Nov. 87/1 Laminar flow control..is one technology—which NASA separates from the fuel economic aircraft studies. 1983 Punch 27 Apr. 69/2 These are incorporated in the full range of Pirelli tyres, from the highly successful P4 and P6 to the fuel-economic P8. C2. Special combinations. fuel-efficient adj. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > fuel > [adjective] > using efficiently energy-efficient1970 fuel-efficient1975 1975 Business Week 20 Jan. 82/1 Detroit must learn to build cars that are both fuel-efficient and reasonably priced. 1979 Time 2 Apr. 21/2 With only two engines and a ‘supercritical’ wing that cuts aerodynamic drag, it is the most fuel-efficient commercial jet flying today. † fuel-bear n. Obsolete (see quot. and bier n.). ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > furnace or kiln > furnace > parts of furnace > [noun] > grate fuel-bear1612 bing1674 step-grate1869 1612 S. Sturtevant Metallica xv. 111 The Fewell-beare, is a generall part of a Furnace which beareth and holdeth the fewel and fire. fuel cell n. a primary cell which consumes fuel continuously and converts its chemical energy directly into electrical energy. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > galvanism, voltaism > [noun] > primary cell Leclanché cell1871 bichromate battery1873 fuel cell1922 1922 Trans. Faraday Soc. 17 482 Fuel cells may be classified as—(1) Direct fuel-cells burning solid fuel... (2) Semi-direct fuel-cells burning gaseous fuel... (3) Indirect cells of (a) Oxidation-reduction Type... (b) Metal Anode Type. 1956 Engineer 20 July 93 (heading) High-pressure hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell. 1969 New Scientist 13 Nov. (Energy Suppl.) 16/2 Both the Gemini and Apollo programmes relied on fuel cells of different kinds for their power. fuel-economizer n. a contrivance for saving fuel in an engine or furnace. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > furnace or kiln > furnace > parts of furnace > [noun] > fuel-saving devices regenerator1833 recuperator1864 fuel-economizer1880 1880 Engineering 2 Apr. 262 An arrangement of fuel economiser. fuel efficiency n. the efficient use of fuel in an engine or other system; the capacity of an engine to obtain energy from fuel. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > fuel > [noun] > efficient use of energy efficiency1888 fuel efficiency1974 1974 Science 19 Apr. 265/1 The present concern with fuel efficiency in industry follows a wave of unprecedented oil price increases. 1978 Newsweek (Atlantic ed.) 25 Sept. 39/2 The EPA fuel-efficiency standards have left their mark on every automaker. 1982 Gloss. Terms Solid Mineral Fuels (Standards Assoc. Austral.) vi. 5 Fuel efficiency, the proportion of the potential heat of a fuel converted into a required form of energy. 1986 Financial Times 6 Aug. 8/2 This in turn leads to lower weight, improved fuel efficiency and quieter operation. fuel element n. an assemblage of nuclear fuel with other materials to form a unit for use in a reactor; also fuel rod. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > atomic nucleus > nuclear fission > nuclear fuel > [noun] > rod or bar of slug1945 fuel rod1951 1951 Nucleonics Nov. 20/1 The fission products gradually build up inside these sealed fuel elements. 1970 Nature 26 Dec. 1245/2 Among the recent innovations is the introduction of fuel elements in the form of large blocks of graphite with machined holes to carry tubular pins. fuel-feeder n. (see quot.). ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > furnace or kiln > furnace > parts of furnace > [noun] > fuel-feeders fuel-feeder1874 mechanical stoker1884 chain-grate1889 1874 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. I. 921/2 Fuel-feeder, a device for feeding fuel in graduated quantities to a furnace. fuel food n. food that is rich in fats or carbohydrates and therefore provides the body with energy, in contrast to food that is of value chiefly because of the vitamins or trace elements it contains. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > [noun] > food as supplying body with energy fuel1876 fuel food1905 1905 Daily Chron. 14 July 4/4 At the present period of year there is comparatively little demand for fuel-food. 1944 J. S. Huxley On Living in Revol. xiii. 134 The civilian population..will have been going short of vitamins and fuel-foods. fuel-gas n. gas intended for use as fuel. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > fuel > gas or types of gas > [noun] gas1808 oil-gas1820 wood-gasc1865 town gas1867 fuel-gas1886 power gas1901 bottled gas1930 biogas1958 North Sea gas1965 1886 Jrnl. Franklin Inst. 121 311 Some form of fuel-gas will be manufactured to take its place. fuel injection n. the direct introduction of fuel under pressure into the combustion chamber or its intakes in an internal combustion engine. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > machines which impart power > engine > internal-combustion engine > [noun] > parts of > fuel injector > injection of fluid injection1842 fuel injection1900 priming1911 direct injection1935 petrol injection1940 1900 A. H. Goldingham Oil Engines 53 This method of fuel injection forms the subject-matter of U.S. patent 650,583, granted to the writer May 29, 1900. 1941 Nature 26 July 105/1 The Minister of Aircraft Production..mentioned that where the British aero engine industry uses the carburettor, the Germans have adopted the fuel injection system. 1966 McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. (rev. ed.) V. 555/2 In engines with continuous combustion, such as gas turbines and liquid-fueled rockets, fuel injection is necessary because the pumping action of piston-type engines is unavailable to draw fuel into the combustion chamber. fuel injector n. the nozzle through which the fuel is forced, with its associated valve mechanism. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > machines which impart power > engine > internal-combustion engine > [noun] > parts of > fuel injector injector1912 fuel injector1914 1914 Hiscox & Pagé Gas, Gasoline & Oil-Engines (ed. 21) xvii. 458 The fuel injectors are of the orthodox pattern with oil-spreading plates. 1962 F. I. Ordway et al. Basic Astronautics x. 401 The combustion chamber contains the fuel injectors, spark plugs, flame holder, and the exhaust nozzle. fuel oil n. oil used as fuel in an engine or furnace. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > fuel > oil or types of oil > [noun] lamp oila1586 oil fuel1888 fuel oil1893 power oil1957 North Sea oil1965 1893 Power Mar. 6 A contract..for the supply of all fuel oil required during 1893. 1957 ‘N. Shute’ On Beach i. 4 He had returned to Williamstown in Anzac on the last of her fuel oil. fuel rod n. Nuclear Engineering a long, slender piece of fuel for a nuclear reactor. ΚΠ 1947 C. Goodman Sci. & Engin. Nucl. Power I. 319 Solid fuel rods, clad with a non-corrosive metallic coating. 1964 Jrnl. Brit. Nucl. Energy Soc. 3 298/1 By utilizing a high energy, high strain rate deformation process, the fuel rod is not only completely encapsulated but..the can wall is pressurized into the anti-rachetting grooves. 1979 K. Follett Triple iv. 77 The reactor has three thousand fuel channels, each channel containing eight fuel rods. 1991 Nucl. Energy June 165/1 Light Water Reactor (LWR) fuel rod irradiations are conducted using irradiation capsules specially designed to simulate Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) and Boiling Water Reactor (BWR) operational conditions. fuel-value n. (a) the value of a combustible article as fuel; (b) the value of food as a source of energy; the amount of energy obtained by the body from a given quantity of food. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > [noun] > food value food value1859 fuel-value1886 biological value1915 society > occupation and work > materials > fuel > [noun] > value as fuel fuel-value1886 1886 Lett. fr. Donegal 36 Bog once ‘cut out’ does not grow again, and the fuel-value is permanently lost to the land. 1902 W. G. Thompson Pract. Dietetics (ed. 2) i. 13 A day labourer requires 0·28 pound of protein per diem plus enough fat and carbohydrate to yield a total fuel value of 3,500 calories. 1928 A. B. Callow Food & Health 18 Water cannot be burnt in the body, and therefore has no fuel-value. 1949 L. J. Bogert Nutrition & Physical Fitness (ed. 5) viii. 122 In general, the foods with high fuel value will be seen to be those which are either rich in fat or low in water content. 1964 H. H. Mitchell Compar. Nutrition Man & Domest. Animals II. xviii. 480 In terms commonly used in human nutrition, the fuel value or available energy in the diet would be 2745 cal. Draft additions 1993 fuel-injected adj. of a motor engine or vehicle: equipped with a fuel-injection system; also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > rate of motion > swiftness > swift movement in specific manner > [adjective] > moving with sudden speed or darting scautanda1400 lashing14.. launchanta1500 shooting1535 flitting1620 darting1664 jetting1694 arrowy1797 jaculatorial1856 fuel-injected1963 society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > powered vehicle > [adjective] > of or relating to motor vehicles > relating to engine recon1946 fuel-injected1963 lean-burn1975 1963 Times 27 Apr. 3/3 J. Clark set a new unofficial lap record in his fuel injected Lotus 25. 1972 Drive Spring 143/3 The advanced, fuel-injected, 5.3 litre engine is tuned with ultimate acceleration and speed in mind. 1989 N.Y. Times Bk. Rev. 29 Oct. 38/4 The narrative moves along at a fuel-injected clip. Draft additions December 2015 figurative. to add fuel to the fire (or flames) and variants: to cause a situation or conflict to become more intense; spec. to worsen or intensify a situation which is already tense or volatile. Also with of. ΚΠ 1611 J. Speed Hist. Great Brit. ix. viii. 486/2 The King..caused all his Temporalities to bee seized on by his Sheriffe; whom therefore Geffry (adding fresh fuel to the fire) did solemnly excommunicate. 1620 W. Barlow tr. Two Lett. or Embassies sig. B4^v We..would bee loath to see you bring fuell to the flames of this disturbance. 1682 Loyal Protestant & True Domestick Intelligence 4 Nov. His Instructions used to add fuel to the fire of Sedition. 1789 D. Ramsay Hist. Amer. Revol. I. ii. 91 These annual orations administered fuel to the fire of liberty. 1822 Museum of Foreign Lit. Sept. 279 Scorn and disdain provoke their mutual ire, And keen revenge adds fuel to the fire. 1907 Mich. Alumnus May 320/1 The excitement over this question has waxed almost hysterical, and some of our esteemed daily contemporaries..regularly add fuel to the flames. 1997 A. Sivanandan When Memory Dies ii. ix. 225 The rumours were worse than the facts, but they added fuel to the fire. 2015 Times (Nexis) 3 July 19 The figures added fuel to the fire in the row over seven-day GP access. Draft additions December 2002 fuel poverty n. chiefly British the condition of being unable to afford sufficient fuel for one's domestic needs, esp. for heating. ΚΠ 1976 J. Lewis & M. Winwood in Social Work Today 15 Apr. 44/2 Fuel poverty for an individual or a family refers to insufficient resources to meet ‘fuel needs’. 1992 New Scientist 4 Jan. 40/1 There are now an estimated seven million households in Britain suffering from fuel poverty. 2000 Environmental Health News 18 Feb. 5/3 [They] manage the New Home Energy Efficiency Scheme, a programme to tackle fuel poverty through better heating and insulation. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online March 2022). fuelv. Brit. /ˈfjuːəl/, U.S. /ˈfju(ə)l/ Etymology: < fuel n. 1. transitive. To feed or furnish with fuel. literal and figurative. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > fuel > supply with fuel [verb (transitive)] feed1582 fuela1593 fuelize1631 underfeed1904 a1593 C. Marlowe Massacre at Paris (c1600) sig. A3 The natiue sparkes of princely loue..May still be feweld in our progenye. 1609 W. M. Man in Moone sig. C Fiue Chimnies well fewel'd vent not more smoake then his mouth and nostrils. 1647 A. Cowley Despair in Mistress ii That dreadful Name, Which fewels the infernal Flame. a1711 T. Ken Hymnarium 130 in Wks. (1721) II. Wealth fuel'd Sin. 1733 G. Cheyne Eng. Malady ii. viii. 204 Neglecting the Means, or fuelling the Disease by a Mal-Regimen. 1811 W. R. Spencer Poems 120 Whose fires are not lighted and fuel'd by Love. 1817 S. T. Coleridge Sibylline Leaves (1862) 129 The magic cauldron of a fervid and ebullient fancy, constantly fuelled by an unexampled opulence of language. 1859 Ld. Lytton Wanderer 169 We fuel ourselves, I conceive, The fire the Fiend lights. 1869 R. D. Blackmore Lorna Doone I. xvi. 185 I would not put a trunk of wood on the fire in the kitchen, but let Annie..fuel it. 1950 F. Gaynor Encycl. Atomic Energy 62 The Los Alamos fast-neutron reactor..is ‘fuelled’ by plutonium. 1950 Sci. Amer. Mar. 11/2 In the President's first announcement of the Hiroshima atomic bomb, it was stated that the bomb drew its energy from the same source that fuels the sun and the stars. 1962 A. Shepard in J. Glenn et al. Into Orbit 99 The crews started fuelling the Redstone with liquid oxygen shortly after midnight. 1970 Guardian 15 Apr. 5/6 Students who raided administrative files discovered that outside complaints had been recorded... This fuelled suspicion at other universities. 2. intransitive. To get fuel. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > fuel > get fuel [verb (intransitive)] fuel1880 refuel1912 1880 W. H. Dixon Royal Windsor (ed. 3) IV. ii. 14 Poor people had enjoyed the right of fuelling in the park. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.a1398v.a1593
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fueln.

Compounds

Draft additions 1993

Draft additions December 2015

Draft additions December 2002

fuelv.