esquiren.¹

/ɪˈskwʌɪə/

Forms: Middle English–1600s esquier, esquyer, (Middle English esqwyer, 1500s esquior, esquyor, 1500s–1600s escuir, escier), 1500s– esquire.

Etymology: < Old French esquier (modern French écuyer ), corresponding to Provençal escuier , escudier , escuder , Spanish escudero , Portuguese escudeiro , Italian scudiere , lit. ‘shield-bearer’ < Latin scūtārius , < scūtum shield. See also squire n., which in our quotations appears much earlier. In French the use of the word has been influenced by a mistaken association with écurie (Old French escurie ), see equerry n. Some traces of this confusion appear in English use.

a. Chivalry. A young man of gentle birth, who as an aspirant to knighthood, attended upon a knight, carried his shield, and rendered him other services. (Now only archaic, the form squire n. being commonly used in historical contexts.) Cf. armiger n., page n.¹

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > military servant > [noun]

knighta1100

squirec1290

page?a1400

custrona1425

varlet1470

custrel1474

esquire1477

servitora1513

valet1591

stokaghea1599

calo1617

bedet1633

Tartar1747

batman1755

goujat1776

waiter1828

striker1867

beltman1869

doggy1909

dingbat1918

batwoman1941

society > society and the community > social class > nobility > rank > knight > squire > [noun]

squirec1290

damoiseau1477

esquire1477

donzel1592

1477 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Hist. Jason (1913) 7 There ne abode knight ne esquyer in the sadyl.

1601 F. Tate Househ. Ord. Edward II (1876) §1. 6 If he be but an ordinari knight..he shal have diet for two esquiers.

1656 A. Cowley Davideis iv. 140 in Poems This saw, and heard with joy the brave Esquire..fill'd with his Masters Fire.

1861 C. M. Yonge Cameos lxiv, in Monthly Packet Sept. 253 Hard work the good esquire seems to have had.

†b. As a rendering of Latin armiger armour-bearer, Greek ὑπασπιστής shield-bearer. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > military servant > [noun] > weapon- or armour-bearer

scutifera1400

armourerc1405

harness-man1530

weapon-bearer1535

esquire1553

armour-bearer1560

harness-bearer1563

shield-bearer1603

shield-knave1627

Port-glaive1652

sword-bearer1660

selictar1684

1553 J. Brende tr. Q. Curtius Rufus Hist. vii. f. 123 Alexander..willed also such a spere to be deliuerd to his handes as other esquires vsed.

1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 427 His [Epaminondas'] esquire or shield-bearer had received a good piece of money for the ransome of a prisoner.

1610 Bible (Douay) II. 1 Macc. iv. 30 Jonathas Sauls sonne, and..his esquyer.

c. Applied to various officers in the service of a king or nobleman, as esquire for (or of) the body, esquire of the chamber, esquire of the stable [compare equerry n., which was sometimes confused with this] , carving esquire, etc.

ΚΠ

1495 Act 11 Hen. VII c. 32 §7 David Philippe, Esquyer for the body of oure Sovereign Lord the Kyng.

1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. Contin. 1381/2 Chiefe escuir of the kings escuir, and the other escuires of the escuir togither.

1601 F. Tate Househ. Ord. Edward II (1876) §26. 18 The kinge shall have..an esquier to carve before the kinge.

a. A man belonging to the higher order of English gentry, ranking immediately below a knight.Of esquires, legally so called, there are, according to some authorities, five classes: ‘(1) younger sons of peers and their eldest sons; (2) eldest sons of knights, and their eldest sons; (3) chiefs of ancient families (by prescription); (4) esquires by creation or office, as heralds and sergeants of arms, judges, officers of state, naval and military officers, justices of the peace, barristers-at-law; (5) esquires who attend the Knight of the Bath on his installation—usually two specially appointed’ ( Encycl. Brit., s.v.). The correctness of this enumeration, however, is greatly disputed; it would be impossible here to state the divergent views on the subject. In heraldic Latin the equivalent of esquire was armiger, properly = ‘armour-bearer’, but often taken in the sense ‘one bearing (heraldic) arms’; hence, in 16th and 17th centuries esquire was sometimes explained as meaning a man entitled to coat-armour; but by accurate writers this is condemned as involving the confusion between ‘esquire’ and ‘gentleman’.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > office > holder of office > official of royal or great household > [noun] > esquire

esquirec1460

c1460 J. Fortescue Governance of Eng. (1714) 41 His Highness schal then have.. aboute his Persone..Lords, Knights, and Esquyers.

1577 W. Harrison Descr. Eng. (1877) ii. v. 1. 127 Esquire (which we call commonlie Squire) is a French word..and such are all those which beare armes..testimonies of their race.

c1600 Wriothesley's Chron. Eng. (1875) I. 27 A jurie of esquiers and gentlemen of Middlesex were sworne to passe on them.

1793 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. (ed. 12) i. ix. 352 The statute 13 Ric. II. c. 7 orders them [justices of the peace] to be of the most sufficient knights, esquires, and gentlemen of the law.

1818 W. Cruise Digest Laws Eng. Real Prop. (ed. 2) III. 265 The second sort of persons were those who had titles, as esquires &c.

b. A landed proprietor, (country) ‘squire’. archaic.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > possessor > [noun] > owner > landowner > small landowner

yeomana1387

portioner1476

goodman1540

esquire1600

little man1787

statesman1787

society > society and the community > social class > nobility > aristocracy or upper class > gentry > [noun] > squire or laird

lairdc1379

esquire1600

squire1676

squirearch1832

squiralty1886

1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 iii. ii. 56 I am Robart Shallowe, sir, a poore Esquier [1600 2nd issue Esquire] of this Countie, and one of the Kings iustices of the peace.

1828 E. Bulwer-Lytton Pelham I. xii. 77 There was, indeed, a motley congregation; country esquires; extracts from the Universities; half-pay officers [etc.].

1848 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. iii An esquire passed among his neighbours for a great scholar, if, etc.

3. As a title accompanying a man's name. Originally applied to those who were ‘esquires’ in sense 2; subsequently extended to other persons to whom an equivalent degree of rank or status is by courtesy attributed.

a. Following the surname preceded by the Christian name. In formal documents written in full; elsewhere commonly abbreviated Esq. or Esqr. (In ceremonious use, e.g. in legal writings or in genealogy, when the name of the person's estate or of his place of residence is given, the title is, by English custom, placed last, as ‘A.B., of C., Esquire’; in Scotland, on the contrary, the title immediately follows the surname. Similarly, in England the title ‘esquire’ traditionally follows the designation ‘Junior’ or ‘The Younger’, but in Scotland precedes it.)The designation of ‘esquire’ is now commonly understood to be due by courtesy to all persons (not in clerical orders or having any higher title of rank) who are regarded as ‘gentlemen’ by birth, position, or education. It is used only on occasions of more or less ceremonious mention, and in the addresses of letters, etc.; on other occasions the prefix ‘Mr.’ is employed instead. When ‘esquire’ is appended to a name, no prefixed title (such as ‘Mr.,’ ‘Doctor,’ ‘Captain,’ etc.) is used. In the U.S. the title belongs officially to lawyers and public officers.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social class > nobility > title > title or form of address for persons of rank > [noun] > for gentleman

masterlOE

Danc1330

gentleman1416

denc1425

mastership1438

mister1523

maship1526

mast?1548

esquire1552

masterdom1575

squire1645

gentlemanship1653

Mus'1875

1552–3 Inv. Ch. Goods, Staffs. in Ann. Litchfield IV. 46 Walter Wrotcheley & Edward Lyttylton, esquyors, by vertue of the kynges majesties comyssion.

1600 W. Shakespeare Henry V iv. viii. 104 Dauy Gam Esquier.

1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. ix. 167 Anthony Brown at Tolethorp in Rutland Esquire.

1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 19. ⁋2 If you read the superscriptions to all the offices in the kingdom, you will not find three letters directed to any but esquires.

1711 E. Budgell Spectator No. 150. ⁋7 My Banker..writes me Mr. or Esq.; accordingly as he sees me dressed.

1711 T. Hearne Remarks & Coll. (1889) III. 111 I shall be glad to know..whether he be Esq^r. that I may give him his true Title when I reprint the List.

1867 D. M. Mulock Two Marr. I. 42 ‘Jane, wife of Mr. John Bowerbank’ (he was not Esquire then).

1887 Sc. Leader 12 May 6 The Clerk said that some letters were addressed Esquire and some not.

†b. Preceding the surname. Obsolete. (Cf. the similar use of squire n.)

ΚΠ

1710 London Gaz. No. 4761/4 Stolen..out of Esquire Chester's Stables..a..Horse.

1712 J. Arbuthnot Law is Bottomless-pit i. 6 His Cousin Esquire South.

1730 J. Southall Treat. Buggs 17 Esquire [1793 (ed. 2) Mr.] Pitfield and Mr. White.

4. [transferred use of 1.] A gentleman who attends or escorts a lady in public. Cf. squire n.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > love > courtship or wooing > [noun] > escort

esquire1824

escort1936

society > society and the community > social relations > association, fellowship, or companionship > a companion or associate > [noun] > other types of companion

consenter1303

pew-fellow1533

bander1563

intercommoner1567

convenera1572

compeer1574

copemate1593

coherent1598

minion1598

barnacle1607

intercommuner1620

shade1667

dangler1728

rafiq1783

esquire1824

Sancho1870

tag-along1961

homeboy1965

bredda1969

arm piece1975

1824 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto XVI ci. 114 Their docile esquires also did the same.

1875 W. S. Hayward Love against World 13 ‘Come on, my brave esquire,’ said Florence.

Compounds

Only appositive; chiefly in sense 1c. Also esquire bedel: see beadle n. 3.

ΚΠ

c1600 Epitaph in A. Munday Stow's Survey of London (1618) 454 Esquier-Ioyner to our Queene.

1601 F. Tate Househ. Ord. Edward II (1876) §14. 13 This esquier fruiterer shal take every night for his coch, a galon of beare.

1807 Edinb. Rev. July 329 Among them was his [Duke Philip le Bon's] first esquire carver La Brocquière.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

单词	esquire
释义	esquiren.¹ /ɪˈskwʌɪə/ Forms: Middle English–1600s esquier, esquyer, (Middle English esqwyer, 1500s esquior, esquyor, 1500s–1600s escuir, escier), 1500s– esquire. Etymology: < Old French esquier (modern French écuyer ), corresponding to Provençal escuier , escudier , escuder , Spanish escudero , Portuguese escudeiro , Italian scudiere , lit. ‘shield-bearer’ < Latin scūtārius , < scūtum shield. See also squire n., which in our quotations appears much earlier. In French the use of the word has been influenced by a mistaken association with écurie (Old French escurie ), see equerry n. Some traces of this confusion appear in English use. 1. a. Chivalry. A young man of gentle birth, who as an aspirant to knighthood, attended upon a knight, carried his shield, and rendered him other services. (Now only archaic, the form squire n. being commonly used in historical contexts.) Cf. armiger n., page n.¹ ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > military servant > [noun] knighta1100 squirec1290 page?a1400 custrona1425 varlet1470 custrel1474 esquire1477 servitora1513 valet1591 stokaghea1599 calo1617 bedet1633 Tartar1747 batman1755 goujat1776 waiter1828 striker1867 beltman1869 doggy1909 dingbat1918 batwoman1941 society > society and the community > social class > nobility > rank > knight > squire > [noun] squirec1290 damoiseau1477 esquire1477 donzel1592 1477 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Hist. Jason (1913) 7 There ne abode knight ne esquyer in the sadyl. 1601 F. Tate Househ. Ord. Edward II (1876) §1. 6 If he be but an ordinari knight..he shal have diet for two esquiers. 1656 A. Cowley Davideis iv. 140 in Poems This saw, and heard with joy the brave Esquire..fill'd with his Masters Fire. 1861 C. M. Yonge Cameos lxiv, in Monthly Packet Sept. 253 Hard work the good esquire seems to have had. †b. As a rendering of Latin armiger armour-bearer, Greek ὑπασπιστής shield-bearer. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > military servant > [noun] > weapon- or armour-bearer scutifera1400 armourerc1405 harness-man1530 weapon-bearer1535 esquire1553 armour-bearer1560 harness-bearer1563 shield-bearer1603 shield-knave1627 Port-glaive1652 sword-bearer1660 selictar1684 1553 J. Brende tr. Q. Curtius Rufus Hist. vii. f. 123 Alexander..willed also such a spere to be deliuerd to his handes as other esquires vsed. 1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 427 His [Epaminondas'] esquire or shield-bearer had received a good piece of money for the ransome of a prisoner. 1610 Bible (Douay) II. 1 Macc. iv. 30 Jonathas Sauls sonne, and..his esquyer. c. Applied to various officers in the service of a king or nobleman, as esquire for (or of) the body, esquire of the chamber, esquire of the stable [compare equerry n., which was sometimes confused with this] , carving esquire, etc. ΚΠ 1495 Act 11 Hen. VII c. 32 §7 David Philippe, Esquyer for the body of oure Sovereign Lord the Kyng. 1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. Contin. 1381/2 Chiefe escuir of the kings escuir, and the other escuires of the escuir togither. 1601 F. Tate Househ. Ord. Edward II (1876) §26. 18 The kinge shall have..an esquier to carve before the kinge. 2. a. A man belonging to the higher order of English gentry, ranking immediately below a knight.Of esquires, legally so called, there are, according to some authorities, five classes: ‘(1) younger sons of peers and their eldest sons; (2) eldest sons of knights, and their eldest sons; (3) chiefs of ancient families (by prescription); (4) esquires by creation or office, as heralds and sergeants of arms, judges, officers of state, naval and military officers, justices of the peace, barristers-at-law; (5) esquires who attend the Knight of the Bath on his installation—usually two specially appointed’ ( Encycl. Brit., s.v.). The correctness of this enumeration, however, is greatly disputed; it would be impossible here to state the divergent views on the subject. In heraldic Latin the equivalent of esquire was armiger, properly = ‘armour-bearer’, but often taken in the sense ‘one bearing (heraldic) arms’; hence, in 16th and 17th centuries esquire was sometimes explained as meaning a man entitled to coat-armour; but by accurate writers this is condemned as involving the confusion between ‘esquire’ and ‘gentleman’. ΘΚΠ society > authority > office > holder of office > official of royal or great household > [noun] > esquire esquirec1460 c1460 J. Fortescue Governance of Eng. (1714) 41 His Highness schal then have.. aboute his Persone..Lords, Knights, and Esquyers. 1577 W. Harrison Descr. Eng. (1877) ii. v. 1. 127 Esquire (which we call commonlie Squire) is a French word..and such are all those which beare armes..testimonies of their race. c1600 Wriothesley's Chron. Eng. (1875) I. 27 A jurie of esquiers and gentlemen of Middlesex were sworne to passe on them. 1793 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. (ed. 12) i. ix. 352 The statute 13 Ric. II. c. 7 orders them [justices of the peace] to be of the most sufficient knights, esquires, and gentlemen of the law. 1818 W. Cruise Digest Laws Eng. Real Prop. (ed. 2) III. 265 The second sort of persons were those who had titles, as esquires &c. b. A landed proprietor, (country) ‘squire’. archaic. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > possessor > [noun] > owner > landowner > small landowner yeomana1387 portioner1476 goodman1540 esquire1600 little man1787 statesman1787 society > society and the community > social class > nobility > aristocracy or upper class > gentry > [noun] > squire or laird lairdc1379 esquire1600 squire1676 squirearch1832 squiralty1886 1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 iii. ii. 56 I am Robart Shallowe, sir, a poore Esquier [1600 2nd issue Esquire] of this Countie, and one of the Kings iustices of the peace. View more context for this quotation 1828 E. Bulwer-Lytton Pelham I. xii. 77 There was, indeed, a motley congregation; country esquires; extracts from the Universities; half-pay officers [etc.]. 1848 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. iii An esquire passed among his neighbours for a great scholar, if, etc. 3. As a title accompanying a man's name. Originally applied to those who were ‘esquires’ in sense 2; subsequently extended to other persons to whom an equivalent degree of rank or status is by courtesy attributed. a. Following the surname preceded by the Christian name. In formal documents written in full; elsewhere commonly abbreviated Esq. or Esqr. (In ceremonious use, e.g. in legal writings or in genealogy, when the name of the person's estate or of his place of residence is given, the title is, by English custom, placed last, as ‘A.B., of C., Esquire’; in Scotland, on the contrary, the title immediately follows the surname. Similarly, in England the title ‘esquire’ traditionally follows the designation ‘Junior’ or ‘The Younger’, but in Scotland precedes it.)The designation of ‘esquire’ is now commonly understood to be due by courtesy to all persons (not in clerical orders or having any higher title of rank) who are regarded as ‘gentlemen’ by birth, position, or education. It is used only on occasions of more or less ceremonious mention, and in the addresses of letters, etc.; on other occasions the prefix ‘Mr.’ is employed instead. When ‘esquire’ is appended to a name, no prefixed title (such as ‘Mr.,’ ‘Doctor,’ ‘Captain,’ etc.) is used. In the U.S. the title belongs officially to lawyers and public officers. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social class > nobility > title > title or form of address for persons of rank > [noun] > for gentleman masterlOE Danc1330 gentleman1416 denc1425 mastership1438 mister1523 maship1526 mast?1548 esquire1552 masterdom1575 squire1645 gentlemanship1653 Mus'1875 1552–3 Inv. Ch. Goods, Staffs. in Ann. Litchfield IV. 46 Walter Wrotcheley & Edward Lyttylton, esquyors, by vertue of the kynges majesties comyssion. 1600 W. Shakespeare Henry V iv. viii. 104 Dauy Gam Esquier. 1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. ix. 167 Anthony Brown at Tolethorp in Rutland Esquire. 1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 19. ⁋2 If you read the superscriptions to all the offices in the kingdom, you will not find three letters directed to any but esquires. 1711 E. Budgell Spectator No. 150. ⁋7 My Banker..writes me Mr. or Esq.; accordingly as he sees me dressed. 1711 T. Hearne Remarks & Coll. (1889) III. 111 I shall be glad to know..whether he be Esq^r. that I may give him his true Title when I reprint the List. 1867 D. M. Mulock Two Marr. I. 42 ‘Jane, wife of Mr. John Bowerbank’ (he was not Esquire then). 1887 Sc. Leader 12 May 6 The Clerk said that some letters were addressed Esquire and some not. †b. Preceding the surname. Obsolete. (Cf. the similar use of squire n.) ΚΠ 1710 London Gaz. No. 4761/4 Stolen..out of Esquire Chester's Stables..a..Horse. 1712 J. Arbuthnot Law is Bottomless-pit i. 6 His Cousin Esquire South. 1730 J. Southall Treat. Buggs 17 Esquire [1793 (ed. 2) Mr.] Pitfield and Mr. White. 4. [transferred use of 1.] A gentleman who attends or escorts a lady in public. Cf. squire n. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > love > courtship or wooing > [noun] > escort esquire1824 escort1936 society > society and the community > social relations > association, fellowship, or companionship > a companion or associate > [noun] > other types of companion consenter1303 pew-fellow1533 bander1563 intercommoner1567 convenera1572 compeer1574 copemate1593 coherent1598 minion1598 barnacle1607 intercommuner1620 shade1667 dangler1728 rafiq1783 esquire1824 Sancho1870 tag-along1961 homeboy1965 bredda1969 arm piece1975 1824 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto XVI ci. 114 Their docile esquires also did the same. 1875 W. S. Hayward Love against World 13 ‘Come on, my brave esquire,’ said Florence. Compounds Only appositive; chiefly in sense 1c. Also esquire bedel: see beadle n. 3. ΚΠ c1600 Epitaph in A. Munday Stow's Survey of London (1618) 454 Esquier-Ioyner to our Queene. 1601 F. Tate Househ. Ord. Edward II (1876) §14. 13 This esquier fruiterer shal take every night for his coch, a galon of beare. 1807 Edinb. Rev. July 329 Among them was his [Duke Philip le Bon's] first esquire carver La Brocquière. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online June 2021). esquiren.² /ɪˈskwʌɪə/ Forms: Also 1500s equire; and see squire n. Etymology: apparently < Old French esquire (modern French équerre) square (now only mason's square, but formerly also the geometrical figure). Perhaps based esquire may represent Old French bas d'esquire, bottom of a square. Guillim and R. Holme use squire both in the sense explained below and for a figure of a mason's square; the latter is the sense of équerre in French heraldry. Heraldry. a. esquire based: used by Leigh for the lower of the halves into which a canton is divided diagonally. ΚΠ 1562 G. Legh Accedens of Armory 154 Thre pallets between ij Equires [1597 Esquires] bast dexter and sinister of the second. b. Apparently by misunderstanding of this use, esquire is explained by later writers as a synonym of gyron n., or as a bearing somewhat resembling the gyron, but ending elsewhere than in the centre of the shield. ΚΠ 1610 J. Guillim Display of Heraldrie ii. vi. 61 A Canton parted trauersewaies, whether it be from the Dexter corner, or from the Sinister, doth make two Base Squires.] 1889 C. N. Elvin Dict. Heraldry 57/1 Esquire, similar to the Gyron; it may extend across the shield; termed also a Base Esquire. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online December 2020). esquirev. /ɪˈskwʌɪə/ Etymology: < esquire n.¹ rare. 1. transitive. To raise to the rank of esquire. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social class > nobility > rank > [verb (transitive)] > raise to the rank of esquire esquirea1652 a1652 [see esquired adj. at Derivatives]. 1824 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto XVI lxix. 98 All country gentlemen, esquired or knighted, May drop in without cards. 2. transitive. To address as ‘Esquire’. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social class > nobility > title > title or form of address for persons of rank > address specific persons of rank [verb (transitive)] begracec1522 belord1565 grace1597 highness1658 be-ladyship1811 honourable1877 esquire1887 1887 Sc. Leader 12 May 6 The Rev. Mr. Cameron, of Farnell..asked why one elder was ‘Esquired’ and another not. 3. transitive. To attend (a lady) as a ‘squire’. ΘΚΠ society > travel > aspects of travel > guidance in travel > show (the way) [verb (transitive)] > escort a lady squirec1386 man1567 convoy1578 esquire1786 beau1843 cavalier1863 the mind > emotion > love > courtship or wooing > court or woo [verb (transitive)] > make or have a date with > act as escort man1567 squirea1578 convoy1578 gallant1690 esquire1786 cavalier1863 1786 F. Burney Diary & Lett. (1842) III. vi. 240 He proposed that the Colonel and himself should esquire me. 1795 F. Burney Jrnls. & Lett. (1973) III. 179 M. d'Arblay again ventured to esquire me to the Rails round the Lodge. Derivatives eˈsquired adj. ΚΠ a1652 R. Brome City Wit iv. i. sig. E, in Five New Playes (1653) By'r Lady a match for my Esquir'd son and heire. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online September 2018). < n.¹c1460n.²1562v.a1652
随便看	antiarin antiarins antiaristocrat antiaristocratic antiarmour antiars antiarthritic antiarthritics antiartistic antiassociation antiasthmatic antiastronomical antiathanasian antiatheism antiatheist antiathenian antiatom antiatoms antiatrophic antiattrition antiaustrian antiauthority antiauxin antiauxins antib

esquiren.1

Compounds

esquiren.2

esquirev.

Derivatives

esquiren.¹

esquiren.²