crystalloidn.adj.

Brit.

/ˈkrɪstəlɔɪd/,

/ˈkrɪstl̩ɔɪd/, U.S.

/ˈkrɪstəˌlɔɪd/

Forms:

α. late Middle English cristalidos, late Middle English cristaloydes, 1500s christalloides.

β. late Middle English cristalloide.

γ. 1800s– crystalloid.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly formed within English, by derivation. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: crystal n., -oid suffix; Latin crystalloides.

Etymology: Partly < crystal n. + -oid suffix, and partly (in α. forms) < post-classical Latin crystalloides (adjective) crystalline (6th cent., designating a membrane of the eye; in classical Latin as a Greek word) < Hellenistic Greek κρυσταλλοειδής like ice, like crystal < ancient Greek κρύσταλλος crystal n. + -οειδής -oid suffix. Compare Middle French, French cristalloïde (1541 as adjective; 19th cent. as noun). In sense A. 3 after German Crystalloid (Nägeli 1862, in Sitzungsber. der Königl. Bayerischen Akad. der Wissensch. 2 121; now Kristalloid).

A. n.

1. Anatomy. Originally: †the lens of the eye (cf. crystal n. 6, crystalline n. 1) (obsolete). In later use: the capsule of the lens, esp. (in full anterior crystalloid) its thicker anterior part. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > sense organ > sight organ > parts of sight organ > [noun] > other parts

whitec1390

crystalline humoura1398

crystalloida1398

crystalline?a1425

eyeball1575

eyeglassa1616

crystalline lens1654

crystal1657

lens1719

membranula1821

zonule1828

angle1830

disc1861

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. iii. xvii. 108 In þe middil of þe yȝe and þe blak þerof is a wel pure humour and clere þat philosophris calleþ cristaloydes.

?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 126 In sensitif actez forsoþ, as of þe eien, þer is 3 maner differencez of synthomatez. One forsoþ in þe first organe, as in cristalloide [?c1425 Paris the cristallyne], beyng pacient.

1578 J. Banister Hist. Man viii. sig. Ffiii^v The second humor of the eye is Christalloides; or Christallinus, called so, for because it shineth like light, and in pure clearenes comparable to the christall.

1668 N. Culpeper & A. Cole tr. T. Bartholin Anat. (new ed.) iii. viii. 146/2 This compassing yet farther becomes the Aranea or Chrystalloides, the proper Tunicle of the Chrystalline Humor.

1836 London Med. & Surg. Jrnl. 9 36/2 By contenting oneself with a simple incision of the anterior crystalloid, that membrane may become opaque.

1922 Ophthalmic Year Bk. 18 272/1 Postoperative opacities of the posterior crystalloid are not rare.

1985 J. Poujol Echography in Ophthalmol. (ed. 2) v. 54/2 Presence of rupture of the posterior crystalloid of the lens may sometimes be seen.

2005 J. L. Alio & H. S. Elsaftawy in A. Garg et al. Innovative Techniques Ophthalmol. xviii. 164/2 The minimum space between the corneal endothelium and anterior crystalloids necessary to implant a phakic lens is about 2.8 mm.

2. Chemistry. A crystalline substance which when dissolved is capable of passing freely through a semipermeable membrane. Contrasted with colloid n. 2. In later use chiefly Biochemistry.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > crystallography (general) > crystal (general) > [noun] > crystallized body or formation > crystalloid

crystalloid1861

1861 T. Graham in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 151 183 Opposed to the colloidal is the crystalline condition. Substances affecting the latter form will be classed as crystalloids.

1879 T. Bryant Man. Pract. Surg. (ed. 3) I. i. 10 As freely as a colloid is penetrated by a crystalloid.

1949 H. W. C. Vines Green's Man. Pathol. (ed. 17) xxxiii. 888 The glomerular urine consists of a protein-free filtrate of the plasma, containing crystalloids such as sugar, urea, and salts.

1957 G. E. Hutchinson Treat. Limnol. I. xi. 710 Various organic substances, either colloids, such as gum arabic, or crystalloids, such as ascorbic acid.

2007 Nature 22 Mar. 370/3 Civilian doctors generally use crystalloids and colloids initially and tranfuse blood or plasma later.

3. Botany. A protoplasmic object resembling a crystal as seen in certain plant cells; esp. an insoluble angular proteinaceous inclusion within an aleurone granule in a seed. Now chiefly historical.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > part of plant > cell or aggregate tissue > [noun] > cell > parts of cell > other parts

disc1835

crystalloid1863

autoplast1884

plastid1885

granum1894

primary endosperm nucleus1897

chromoplast1902

phragmoplast1904

plasmodesma1905

phragmosome1940

1863 Nat. Hist. Rev. 3 603 On Doubly refracting spheres contained in the epidermal cells of the Apple, and on the Protein crystalloid of the Paranuss (Brazil nut).

1875 A. W. Bennett & W. T. T. Dyer tr. J. von Sachs Text-bk. Bot. 50 Crystalloids containing colouring matters are found in the petals and fruits.

1902 Pharmaceut. Jrnl. 25 Oct. 417/1 The aleurone grains are characteristic; they are ovoid in shape and contain a very distinct globoid and one or two large crystalloids.

1938 Plant Physiol. 13 45 Upon germination of the seeds the aleurone grains and crystalloids absorb water and are seen gradually to take on a semi-fluid appearance.

1994 J. D. Bewley & M. Black Seeds (ed. 2) i. 27 The crystalloids are insoluble (in water or buffers) proteinaceous inclusions embedded in the soluble protein matrix.

B. adj.

1. Anatomy. attributive. Designating the capsule of the lens. Cf. sense A. 1. Now rare.

ΚΠ

1780 P. Degravers Compl. Treat. Human Eye 301 The accidental displacing of the crystalloid body proves..that this envelope is not a continuation of that of the vitreous body.

1834 London Med. Gaz. 24 May 266/1 The crystalloid membrane and the lens itself are both liable to become incrusted with a quantity of phosphate of lime.

1889 J. C. Burnett Cataract 189 In the case of the crystalline, the malpigho-epidermic elements of which it is comprised, receive their nutritive fluids through the structureless crystalloid membrane.

1976 J. L. Van Lancker Molecular & Cellular Mechanisms in Dis. I. viii. 498/1 The part of the crystalloid membrane that covers the anterior aspect of the lens is called the anterior crystalloid.

2. Crystal-like; of crystalline form or character; (Chemistry) of the nature of or relating to a crystalloid (sense A. 2; contrasted with colloid adj. 2). Cf. crystalloidal adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > crystallography (general) > crystal (general) > [adjective] > crystallized body or formation > crystalloid

crystalloid1839

crystalloidal1841

1839 London Med. Gaz. 16 Mar. 918/1 Mr. Brande exhibited the tough fibrous structure of pure iron, and contrasted it with the crystalloid appearance of steel when fractured.

1862 H. Spencer First Princ. ii. xiii. §103 Organic matter has the peculiarity that its molecules are aggregated into the colloid and not into the crystalloid arrangement.

1878 H. P. Gurney Crystallogr. 29 In crystalloid forms occurring in nature the linear dimensions are subject to no known law.

1922 T. M. Lowry Inorg. Chem. xxix. 494 Diffusion through parchment..retains the colloidal acid but allows the ‘crystalloid’ salts to escape.

1991 Jrnl. Nematol. 23 39 The pseudocoeloms of these nematodes often contained oval crystalloid bodies containing carbohydrate, sulfur, phosphorus, and lipid.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	crystalloid
释义	crystalloidn.adj. Brit. /ˈkrɪstəlɔɪd/, /ˈkrɪstl̩ɔɪd/, U.S. /ˈkrɪstəˌlɔɪd/ Forms: α. late Middle English cristalidos, late Middle English cristaloydes, 1500s christalloides. β. late Middle English cristalloide. γ. 1800s– crystalloid. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly formed within English, by derivation. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: crystal n., -oid suffix; Latin crystalloides. Etymology: Partly < crystal n. + -oid suffix, and partly (in α. forms) < post-classical Latin crystalloides (adjective) crystalline (6th cent., designating a membrane of the eye; in classical Latin as a Greek word) < Hellenistic Greek κρυσταλλοειδής like ice, like crystal < ancient Greek κρύσταλλος crystal n. + -οειδής -oid suffix. Compare Middle French, French cristalloïde (1541 as adjective; 19th cent. as noun). In sense A. 3 after German Crystalloid (Nägeli 1862, in Sitzungsber. der Königl. Bayerischen Akad. der Wissensch. 2 121; now Kristalloid). A. n. 1. Anatomy. Originally: †the lens of the eye (cf. crystal n. 6, crystalline n. 1) (obsolete). In later use: the capsule of the lens, esp. (in full anterior crystalloid) its thicker anterior part. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > sense organ > sight organ > parts of sight organ > [noun] > other parts whitec1390 crystalline humoura1398 crystalloida1398 crystalline?a1425 eyeball1575 eyeglassa1616 crystalline lens1654 crystal1657 lens1719 membranula1821 zonule1828 angle1830 disc1861 a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. iii. xvii. 108 In þe middil of þe yȝe and þe blak þerof is a wel pure humour and clere þat philosophris calleþ cristaloydes. ?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 126 In sensitif actez forsoþ, as of þe eien, þer is 3 maner differencez of synthomatez. One forsoþ in þe first organe, as in cristalloide [?c1425 Paris the cristallyne], beyng pacient. 1578 J. Banister Hist. Man viii. sig. Ffiii^v The second humor of the eye is Christalloides; or Christallinus, called so, for because it shineth like light, and in pure clearenes comparable to the christall. 1668 N. Culpeper & A. Cole tr. T. Bartholin Anat. (new ed.) iii. viii. 146/2 This compassing yet farther becomes the Aranea or Chrystalloides, the proper Tunicle of the Chrystalline Humor. 1836 London Med. & Surg. Jrnl. 9 36/2 By contenting oneself with a simple incision of the anterior crystalloid, that membrane may become opaque. 1922 Ophthalmic Year Bk. 18 272/1 Postoperative opacities of the posterior crystalloid are not rare. 1985 J. Poujol Echography in Ophthalmol. (ed. 2) v. 54/2 Presence of rupture of the posterior crystalloid of the lens may sometimes be seen. 2005 J. L. Alio & H. S. Elsaftawy in A. Garg et al. Innovative Techniques Ophthalmol. xviii. 164/2 The minimum space between the corneal endothelium and anterior crystalloids necessary to implant a phakic lens is about 2.8 mm. 2. Chemistry. A crystalline substance which when dissolved is capable of passing freely through a semipermeable membrane. Contrasted with colloid n. 2. In later use chiefly Biochemistry. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > crystallography (general) > crystal (general) > [noun] > crystallized body or formation > crystalloid crystalloid1861 1861 T. Graham in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 151 183 Opposed to the colloidal is the crystalline condition. Substances affecting the latter form will be classed as crystalloids. 1879 T. Bryant Man. Pract. Surg. (ed. 3) I. i. 10 As freely as a colloid is penetrated by a crystalloid. 1949 H. W. C. Vines Green's Man. Pathol. (ed. 17) xxxiii. 888 The glomerular urine consists of a protein-free filtrate of the plasma, containing crystalloids such as sugar, urea, and salts. 1957 G. E. Hutchinson Treat. Limnol. I. xi. 710 Various organic substances, either colloids, such as gum arabic, or crystalloids, such as ascorbic acid. 2007 Nature 22 Mar. 370/3 Civilian doctors generally use crystalloids and colloids initially and tranfuse blood or plasma later. 3. Botany. A protoplasmic object resembling a crystal as seen in certain plant cells; esp. an insoluble angular proteinaceous inclusion within an aleurone granule in a seed. Now chiefly historical. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > cell or aggregate tissue > [noun] > cell > parts of cell > other parts disc1835 crystalloid1863 autoplast1884 plastid1885 granum1894 primary endosperm nucleus1897 chromoplast1902 phragmoplast1904 plasmodesma1905 phragmosome1940 1863 Nat. Hist. Rev. 3 603 On Doubly refracting spheres contained in the epidermal cells of the Apple, and on the Protein crystalloid of the Paranuss (Brazil nut). 1875 A. W. Bennett & W. T. T. Dyer tr. J. von Sachs Text-bk. Bot. 50 Crystalloids containing colouring matters are found in the petals and fruits. 1902 Pharmaceut. Jrnl. 25 Oct. 417/1 The aleurone grains are characteristic; they are ovoid in shape and contain a very distinct globoid and one or two large crystalloids. 1938 Plant Physiol. 13 45 Upon germination of the seeds the aleurone grains and crystalloids absorb water and are seen gradually to take on a semi-fluid appearance. 1994 J. D. Bewley & M. Black Seeds (ed. 2) i. 27 The crystalloids are insoluble (in water or buffers) proteinaceous inclusions embedded in the soluble protein matrix. B. adj. 1. Anatomy. attributive. Designating the capsule of the lens. Cf. sense A. 1. Now rare. ΚΠ 1780 P. Degravers Compl. Treat. Human Eye 301 The accidental displacing of the crystalloid body proves..that this envelope is not a continuation of that of the vitreous body. 1834 London Med. Gaz. 24 May 266/1 The crystalloid membrane and the lens itself are both liable to become incrusted with a quantity of phosphate of lime. 1889 J. C. Burnett Cataract 189 In the case of the crystalline, the malpigho-epidermic elements of which it is comprised, receive their nutritive fluids through the structureless crystalloid membrane. 1976 J. L. Van Lancker Molecular & Cellular Mechanisms in Dis. I. viii. 498/1 The part of the crystalloid membrane that covers the anterior aspect of the lens is called the anterior crystalloid. 2. Crystal-like; of crystalline form or character; (Chemistry) of the nature of or relating to a crystalloid (sense A. 2; contrasted with colloid adj. 2). Cf. crystalloidal adj. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > crystallography (general) > crystal (general) > [adjective] > crystallized body or formation > crystalloid crystalloid1839 crystalloidal1841 1839 London Med. Gaz. 16 Mar. 918/1 Mr. Brande exhibited the tough fibrous structure of pure iron, and contrasted it with the crystalloid appearance of steel when fractured. 1862 H. Spencer First Princ. ii. xiii. §103 Organic matter has the peculiarity that its molecules are aggregated into the colloid and not into the crystalloid arrangement. 1878 H. P. Gurney Crystallogr. 29 In crystalloid forms occurring in nature the linear dimensions are subject to no known law. 1922 T. M. Lowry Inorg. Chem. xxix. 494 Diffusion through parchment..retains the colloidal acid but allows the ‘crystalloid’ salts to escape. 1991 Jrnl. Nematol. 23 39 The pseudocoeloms of these nematodes often contained oval crystalloid bodies containing carbohydrate, sulfur, phosphorus, and lipid. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.a1398
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