单词 | crump |
释义 | † crumpn.2 Obsolete. = cramp n.1 ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > diseases of tissue > disorders affecting muscles > [noun] > spasm or cramp cramp1374 emprosthotonosa1398 spasmc1400 spasmusc1400 crickc1424 crumpa1500 misspringinga1500 spasma?1541 convulsion1585 catch1830 kink1848 tonus1891 a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xxx. 406 There I stode on my stumpe, I stakerd that stownde; There chachid I the crumpe, Yit held I my grounde, Halfe nome. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2021). † crumpn.3 Obsolete. ΚΠ 1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew Crump, one that helps Sollicitors to Affidavit men, and Swearers, and Bail, who for a small Sum will be Bound or Swear for any Body. 1725 in New Canting Dict. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2021). crumpn.4 dialect or colloquial. 1. A hard hit, given with brisk or abrupt effect. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > impact > striking > striking with specific degree of force > [noun] > hard or vigorous striking > a hard or vigorous blow rackc1300 pelta1540 sparring-blowa1690 racket1710 whack1737 skite1825 slogger1829 slug1830 swinger1836 slog1846 crump1850 bitch slap1987 1850–60 [In use at Cricket]. 1879 Jamieson's Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. (new ed.) Crump, a smart blow, Clydesdale. 1891 J. S. Farmer Slang II. 223/1 Crump (Winchester College), a hard hit; a fall. 2. The explosion of a heavy shell or bomb, or the sound of this; hence, the shell itself; crump-hole, a hole or crater made by a shell. Soldiers' slang. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > low land > hollow or depression > [noun] > made by bomb crater1839 crump-hole1914 bomb-crater1920 camouflet1941 the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > sudden or violent sound > explosive sound > [noun] > of guns or shells flash in the pan1566 bark1871 phut1874 prut1898 pip-pop1902 bom1906 crump1914 crumping1919 poop1919 cough1928 society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > explosive device > [noun] > bomb > other bombs iron bomb1759 suicide bomb1889 crump1914 radio bomb1914 marmite1915 pineapple bomb1916 pineapple1918 germ bomb1921 stick-bomb1928 bomblet1937 breadbasket1940 flash bomb1940 blockbuster1942 butterfly bomb1942 screamer1942 plastic bomb1944 napalm bomb1945 mail bomb1972 blast bomb1976 society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > missile > ammunition for firearms > [noun] > bullet or shell > shell > other types of shell carcass1684 light ball1729 anchor ball1779 shrapnel1810 hollow shot1862 segment-shell1862 blind-shell1864 ring-shot1868 star shell1876 ring-shell1879 pipsqueak1900 Black Maria1914 coal box1914 crump1914 Jack Johnson1914 Archie1915 Little Willie1915 whizz-bang1915 woolly bear1915 fizzbang1916 five-ninea1918 ashcan1918 cream puff1918 sea-bag1918 pudding1919 G.I. can1929 flechette1961 1914 Times 10 Dec. 6/1 The heavy shell..ending in a loud ‘crump’ as it bursts on the ground. 1915 D. O. Barnett Let. 16 June in In Happy Memory 180 Suddenly a yellow cloud leaped up three times as high as the tower itself..and after a bit there was the deuce of a crump. 1915 D. O. Barnett Let. 10 Aug. in In Happy Memory 220 I got buried by a six-inch crump. 1915 ‘B. Cable’ Between Lines 254 There was some fancy driving past them crump holes in the road. 1916 C. E. W. Bean Lett. from France (1917) 75 We can hear the crump, crump, crump of heavy explosives almost incessantly. 1917 P. Gibbs Battles of Somme 171 The enemy was ‘lathering’ the field of observation with every kind of ‘crump’ and shell. 1930 E. Blunden Poems 186 A crump at any moment May blow us to bits. 1961 Guardian 3 Apr. 5/4 The steady crump of falling bombs. 3. Mining. A violent burst in the floor, walls, or ceiling of a mine. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > workplace > places where raw materials are extracted > mine > [noun] > burst in floor, walls, or ceiling of mine crump1925 1925 Pendleton Reporter 7 Nov. 8/2 The accident was due to a ‘crump’. ‘Crumps’ are caused through the floor of the mine rising owing to an accumulation of gases below it. 1927 Command Paper 2946 (Reports XI) 244 Crumps are..caused by..great cumulative stress set up by the folding and thrusting of the strata..which..causes violent roof~falls and up-thrusting of the floor of the mine. 1967 Gloss. Mining Terms (B.S.I.) viii. 8 Bump (crump), a sudden and heavy release of strain energy in the major body of rock surrounding a mine working, resulting in displacement of the strata. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2019). † crumpadj.1n.1 Obsolete. A. adj.1 Crooked: said chiefly of the body or limbs from deformity, old age, or disease. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > deformity > [adjective] crumpa800 crookedc1290 counterfeited1340 courbe1395 crumpleda1400 wanshapena1425 courbedc1430 wrongc1430 crumped1480 mismadec1480 counterfeit1483 crabby1550 crab-tree-like1576 crab-tree1598 crabbed1601 bossive1658 stumping1852 arthritic1961 a800 Corpus Gloss. 1411 Obunca crump. c1050 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 459 Obunca crump. 1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. i. iii. 76 All those steep Mountaines..Vnder First Waters their crump shoulders hid. 1652 J. Gaule Πυς-μαντια 186 Cromp shoulders. 1656 tr. J. A. Comenius Latinæ Linguæ Janua Reserata: Gate Lat. Tongue Unlocked xxix. §287 A crump-back, swoln throat, and any bunch whatsoëver caus deformitie. 1719 T. D'Urfey Wit & Mirth I. 34 Bowing low with her back-bone crump. B. n.1 1. A hunch or hump on the back. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > deformity > deformities of specific parts > [noun] > hump back > hump botchc1330 courbe1393 bossa1400 bulgec1400 crump1659 hump1709 1659 G. Torriano Florio's Vocabolario Italiano & Inglese Scrígno, a bunch, a crump, a knob upon ones back. 2. A crooked person, a hunchback. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > deformity > deformities of specific parts > [noun] > hump back > person crouchbackc1491 crook-backa1513 urchin1528 lord1653 crump-backa1661 crump1698 hump1708 humpback1712 hunchback1712 crumple-back1845 bible-back1873 knarl- 1698 J. Vanbrugh Æsop ii. i Esop..that piece of deformity! that monster! that crump! 1698 J. Vanbrugh Æsop iii. i If I stand to hear this crump preach a little longer, I shall be fool enough perhaps to be bubbled out of my livelihood. 1716 tr. T.-S. Gueullette Thousand & One Quarters of Hours 161 Nohoüd..put only one of the Crumps into his [sc. the porter's] Sack. 1719 T. D'Urfey Wit & Mirth I. 78 Tho' the Crump too that Season, Got Bruges and Ghent by Treason. Compounds crump-back n. a hunchback, a crook-back; also crump-backed, crump-footed, crump-shouldered, etc. [Cf. German combinations in krumm-, as krummfusz, krumfüszig, Dutch krom-, as krom-voet, krom-voetigh (Kilian).] ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > deformity > deformities of specific parts > [adjective] > of shoulders crooked-shoulderedc1515 crump-shouldered1542 out-shouldered1579 crook-shouldered1580 round-shouldered1586 crumped-shouldered1603 round1702 hump-shouldereda1704 stoop-shouldered1748 huck-shouldered1847 the world > health and disease > ill health > deformity > deformities of specific parts > [noun] > hump back crooked-rig1382 crouchbackc1491 crook-back?1507 bunch-back1618 crump-backa1661 humpback1697 hunchback1718 huckle-back1762 cyphosis1847 bowbackedness1864 kyphosis- the world > health and disease > ill health > deformity > deformities of specific parts > [adjective] > hump back hoveredc897 embossedc1430 bow-backed1470 crook-backed1477 courbe-backed1480 bunch-backed1519 hunchbacked1598 buncht-back1603 crouch-backed1606 hulch1611 hulch-backed1611 hulched1611 crouchback1627 camel-backed1631 huck-backed1631 hulchy1632 boss-backed1640 gibbous1646 huckle-backeda1652 hulck-backed1656 hunched1656 crump-backeda1661 humpbacked1681 humped1713 humpback1726 humptya1825 hunchy1841 bible-backed1857 crooked-backed1866 cyphotic1889 the world > health and disease > ill health > deformity > deformities of specific parts > [noun] > hump back > person crouchbackc1491 crook-backa1513 urchin1528 lord1653 crump-backa1661 crump1698 hump1708 humpback1712 hunchback1712 crumple-back1845 bible-back1873 knarl- 1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes f. 223 Croumpe shouldreed, shorte necked. 1599 J. Withals Shorte Dict. 96/1 Crumpe-footed, loripes. a1661 B. Holyday tr. Juvenal Satyres (1673) x. 191 Ne're contract With one throat-swoln, gor-bellied, or crump-back'd. 1661 R. Lovell Πανζωορυκτολογια, sive Panzoologicomineralogia 153 It helps crump-backs. 1715 tr. M.-C. d'Aulnoy Wks. 370 She was Hunch-back'd and Crump-shoulder'd both before and behind. 1783 Ainsworth's Thes. Linguæ Latinæ (new ed.) at Back Crump backed, gibbosus, humeris incurvus. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online December 2021). crumpadj.2 Scottish and northern. Brittle or friable under the teeth, easily ‘crumped’. ΚΠ 1786 R. Burns Holy Fair vii, in Poems 44 An' farls, bak'd wi' butter, Fu' crump that day. 1811 R. Willan List Words W. Riding Yorks. (E.D.S.) Crump, crimp, hard, brittle, crumbling. a1825 R. Forby Vocab. E. Anglia (1830) Crump, crumpy..easily breaking under the teeth. 1878 W. Dickinson Gloss. Words & Phrases Cumberland (ed. 2) Crump, brittle; crumbling. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † crumpv.1 Obsolete. 1. intransitive. To draw itself into a curve, curl, curl up. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > curvature > be or become curved or bent [verb (intransitive)] beyc888 bowOE fold13.. crumpc1325 windc1374 courbe1377 curb1377 plyc1395 bend1398 ploy?1473 bowl1513 bought1521 tirve1567 crookle1577 crook1579 compass1588 round1613 incurvate1647 circumflex1661 arcuate1678 to round off1678 sweep1725 curve1748 curvaturea1811 c1325 Poem Times Edw. II 115 in Pol. Songs (Camden) 329 Summe bereth croune of acolite for the crumponde crok. 1607 B. Jonson Volpone v. ii. sig. L3 But your Clarissimo, old round-backe, hee Will crumpe you [= to or for you], like a hog-louse, with the touch. View more context for this quotation 2. transitive (and reflexive). To bend (a thing) into a curve, crook, curl up. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > curvature > curve or bend [verb (reflexive)] crump1480 the world > space > shape > curvature > curve or bend [verb (transitive)] beyc888 bowa1300 incrooka1340 inbowa1382 crook1382 plya1393 inflectc1425 courbe1430 wryc1450 cralla1475 crumbc1490 bought1521 compass1542 incurvate1578 ploy1578 incurve1610 curve1615 circumflex1649 wheel1656 curb1662 crumpa1821 curvaturec1933 1480 [implied in: W. Caxton tr. Ovid Metamorphoses xi. xviii A fowle..that hath a crumped bill. (at crumped adj.)]. 3. figurative. ? To ruffle, disturb. ΚΠ 1656 P. Heylyn Surv. Estate France 158 Who being so often troubled and crumped by them have little cause to afford them a liking. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2021). crumpv.2 transitive and intransitive. 1. To eat with an abrupt but somewhat dulled sound; applied esp. to horses or pigs when feeding. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > order Artiodactyla (cloven-hoofed animals) > pig > [verb (transitive)] > eat with certain sound crump1647 the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > eating > processes or manners of eating > eat via specific process [verb (transitive)] > munch or crunch gruse?c1225 maungec1400 muncha1425 champ1530 crash1530 cham1531 chank1567 scranch1620 grouze1628 craunch1632 crump1647 denticate1799 crinch1808 crunch1814 scrunch1825 chomp1848 chump1854 the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > eating > processes or manners of eating > eat via specific process [verb (intransitive)] > crunch or munch munch1530 munchion1611 craunch1637 chomp1645 crump1760 munge1770 crunch1856 the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > habits and actions of horse > [verb (intransitive)] > make sound whilst eating crumpa1825 the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > habits and actions of horse > [verb (transitive)] > eat or drop food crumpa1825 quid1831 the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > order Artiodactyla (cloven-hoofed animals) > pig > [verb (intransitive)] > eat in certain way or with certain sound crump1827 slush1832 1647 H. More To Young Authour in J. Hall Poems sig. A4v A Pig, that roots In Jury-land or crumps Arabick roots. 1760 Miss Talbot in Lett. w. Miss Carter (1808) 484 Two years ago I could as easily have eat an Elephant as a sea biscuit, which I now crump again very comfortably. a1825 R. Forby Vocab. E. Anglia (1830) Crump, to eat anything brittle or crimp. 1827 J. Clare Shepherd's Cal. 74 The restless hogs will..crump adown the mellow and the green. 1878 W. Dickinson Gloss. Words & Phrases Cumberland (ed. 2) Crump, the sound of horses' teeth when eating.] 2. Applied to the sound made by the feet in crushing slightly frozen snow; and to the action which produces it. Cf. crumple v. 6. ΘΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > repeated sound or succession of sounds > [verb (intransitive)] > crackle brastlec1000 rashetOE spranklea1387 sprinklea1398 graislea1522 crash1563 crackle?1570 crick-crackle1608 decrepitate1677 crump1789 happer1825 crumple1837 crickle1849 crick-crack1850 crepitate1853 the world > matter > constitution of matter > weakness > make weak [verb (transitive)] > make brittle > make crisp > crush crisp substance crump1789 crisp1824 crumple1837 scranch1845 crunch1849 1789 D. Davidson Thoughts Seasons 133 (Jam.) To the pliant foot..the grassy path crumps sonorous. 1789 D. Davidson Thoughts Seasons 151 Close upon her snow-cap'd haunt..watchful lest his crumping tread Should her untimely rouse. 1820 J. Clare Poems Rural Life 47 And upon the crumping snows Stamps, in vain, to warm his toes. 3. To strike with a brisk or abrupt effect.[There is a certain analogy of manner between this and the preceding senses.] ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > cricket > batting > bat [verb (intransitive)] > types of stroke chop1776 mow1844 crump1850 poke1851 cut1857 swipe1857 glance1898 glide1899 cart1903 nibble1926 on-drive1930 slash1955 cover-drive1960 push1963 society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > cricket > batting > bat [verb (transitive)] > hit > hit with specific stroke take1578 stop1744 nip1752 block1772 drive1773 cut1816 draw1816 tip1816 poke1836 spoon1836 mow1844 to put up1845 smother1845 sky1849 crump1850 to pick up1851 pull1851 skyrocket1851 swipe1851 to put down1860 to get away1868 smite1868 snick1871 lift1874 crack1882 smack1882 off-drive1888 snip1890 leg1892 push1893 hook1896 flick1897 on-drive1897 chop1898 glance1898 straight drive1898 cart1903 edge1904 tonk1910 sweep1920 mishook1934 middle1954 square-drive1954 tickle1963 square-cut1976 slash1977 splice1982 paddle1986 1850–60 [In use at Cricket]. 1879 Jamieson's Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. (new ed.) Crump, to smack, to thwack, as ‘he's crumpit my croun wi' his stick’. 1889 Boy's Own Paper 4 May 496/1 Let me see The way well pitched up balls to crump. 1892 Sat. Rev. 2 Jan. 12/2 We could slog to square-leg, or crump to the off. 4. Soldiers' slang. a. intransitive. To fire heavy shells; also, to explode with a ‘crump’ (see crump n.4 2). ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > sudden or violent sound > explosive sound > [verb (intransitive)] > of guns or shells speak1707 bark1853 crump1915 society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > action of propelling missile > discharge of firearms > management of artillery > operate artillery [verb (intransitive)] > discharge artillery > specific projectile crump1952 1915 ‘B. Cable’ Between Lines 254 We could hear the blighters crumpin' away back down the road behind us. 1919 W. Deeping Second Youth xxiii. 196 Five-point nines were still crumping on the road ahead of them. 1952 E. F. Davies Illyrian Venture vii. 119 Mortars of about two-inch and three-inch size were crumping irregularly. a1967 J. R. Ackerley My Father & Myself (1968) vii. 66 Shells began to whizz over and crump in the ravine behind. b. transitive. To bombard with heavy shells. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > action of propelling missile > discharge of firearms > management of artillery > operate (artillery) [verb (transitive)] > bombard > assail with types of missile rocket1794 shrapnelize1837 mitraille1844 grapeshot1876 shrapnel1901 whizz-bang1915 crump1916 1916 Blackwood's Mag. Jan. 125/1 You may imagine with what methodical solemnity the Bosche ‘crumps’ the interior of that constricted area. 1920 J. C. F. Fuller Tanks in Great War 54 The ground had..become severely ‘crumped’ in places. 1923 R. Kipling Irish Guards in Great War I. 170 No. 1 Company of the Irish saw a platoon of Coldstream in front of them crumped out of existence. Derivatives ˈcrumping n. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > sudden or violent sound > explosive sound > [noun] > of guns or shells flash in the pan1566 bark1871 phut1874 prut1898 pip-pop1902 bom1906 crump1914 crumping1919 poop1919 cough1928 society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > action of propelling missile > discharge of firearms > management of artillery > [noun] > discharge of artillery > of specific type of missile stone-shot1692 crumping1919 1919 W. Deeping Second Youth xxiii. 196 The crumping ceased, and they moved on. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online September 2019). < n.2a1500n.31699n.41850adj.1n.1a800adj.21786v.1c1325v.21647 |
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