counterguardn.

Forms: Also 1500s–1600s -gard(e, 1600s contre-gard(e; also counter-guard.

Etymology: < French contregarde (15th cent.): see counter- prefix 2g, 2lPrevious versions of the OED give the stress as: ˈcounter-ˌguard.

†1. An extra guard to check another guard, or to be a reserve defence. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > armed forces > the Army > group with special function or duty > [noun] > for guard duty

guarda1513

counterguard1523

stand watch1525

presidy1529

body of guard1579

court of guarda1592

perdu1622

sentry1705

field-watch1797

watch-post1852

society > armed hostility > armed forces > the Army > group with special function or duty > [noun] > for guard duty > subsidiary

counterguard1523

quarter guard1706

byward1840

1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. cccxix. 493 The constable, for doute of his men, sent out another company of men of armes, to be a countergarde to the foragers that were gone before for the engyn.

1651 N. Bacon Contin. Hist. Disc. Govt. 199 As if he had obtained a generall Passe from Providence, with warranty against all Counterguards whatsoever.

2. Fortification. ‘A narrow detached rampart, placed immediately in front of an important work, to protect it from being breached’ (Stocqueler).

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > earthwork or rampart > [noun] > outwork

forewallOE

barrace1380

before-wallinga1382

vaumurec1475

faussebraie1490

forework1497

vauntmure1562

counterguard1591

forefence1609

forefight?1611

outworkc1615

crownwork1638

false braye1645

crowned work1677

1591 W. Garrard & R. Hitchcock Arte of Warre 312 This masse of earth being placed as I have said, may be named a Countergarde.

1695 London Gaz. No. 3100/3 The Contregard of a half Bastion called St. Roque.

1762 L. Sterne Life Tristram Shandy VI. xxvii. 114 The counterguard, which faced the counterscarp.

1839 W. F. Napier Hist. War Peninsula xvi. v Counterguards for the bastions.

1879 Cassell's Techn. Educator (new ed.) IV. 138/1 Counter~guards are outworks whose primary object is to screen the escarps of the ravelins and enceinte from being breached.

3. Part of a sword-hilt.

ΚΠ

1869 C. Boutell tr. J. P. Lacombe Arms & Armour ix. 173 In addition to these primaries..of the hilt, the pommel, barrel, and cross-guard, our model sword in its hilt has also a guard and a counter-guard (garde and contre-garde)—that is, it has on each side of the barrel, or fusée, and perpendicular to its axis, a plate of metal, flat or concave, plain or in open work.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

† counterguardv.

Forms: Also 1500s–1600s -gard.

Etymology: < French contregarder (13th cent. in Littré): see counter- prefix 1.

Obsolete.

1. transitive. To guard against, ward off (danger, evil).

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > vigilance > [verb (transitive)] > guard against

warea900

to be aware of1095

wardc1230

bihedea1250

to attend fromc1375

counterwaitc1386

to look out for1578

counterguard1583

bewarea1600

mind1700

to guard against1725

tent1737

1583 T. Stocker tr. Tragicall Hist. Ciuile Warres Lowe Countries i. 28 a To countergard and preuent all discorde, sedition, and ill will.

2. To guard (a person or thing) against danger or attack; to safeguard.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > protect or defend [verb (transitive)]

shieldc825

frithc893

werea900

i-schield971

berghOE

biwerec1000

grithc1000

witec1000

keepc1175

burghena1225

ward?c1225

hilla1240

warrantc1275

witiec1275

forhilla1300

umshadea1300

defendc1325

fendc1330

to hold in or to warrantc1330

bielda1350

warisha1375

succoura1387

defencea1398

shrouda1400

umbeshadow14..

shelvec1425

targec1430

protect?1435

obumber?1440

thorn1483

warrantise1490

charea1500

safeguard1501

heild?a1513

shend1530

warrant1530

shadow1548

fence1577

safekeep1588

bucklera1593

counterguard1594

save1595

tara1612

target1611

screenc1613

pre-arm1615

custodite1657

shelter1667

to guard against1725

cushion1836

enshield1855

mind1924

buffer1958

1594 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. II. 53 They are set before them to countergard and keepe them, both from ouer great heate, and from excessiue colde.

1594 R. Carew tr. J. Huarte Exam. Mens Wits xiii. 204 He alwaies studieth to offend with wiles, and such wit is requisit wherwith to counter-gard our selues.

?a1639 A. Harsnett Gods Summons (1640) 171 He counter-guards his heart with all diligence.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

单词	counterguard
释义	counterguardn. Forms: Also 1500s–1600s -gard(e, 1600s contre-gard(e; also counter-guard. Etymology: < French contregarde (15th cent.): see counter- prefix 2g, 2lPrevious versions of the OED give the stress as: ˈcounter-ˌguard. †1. An extra guard to check another guard, or to be a reserve defence. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > armed forces > the Army > group with special function or duty > [noun] > for guard duty guarda1513 counterguard1523 stand watch1525 presidy1529 body of guard1579 court of guarda1592 perdu1622 sentry1705 field-watch1797 watch-post1852 society > armed hostility > armed forces > the Army > group with special function or duty > [noun] > for guard duty > subsidiary counterguard1523 quarter guard1706 byward1840 1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. cccxix. 493 The constable, for doute of his men, sent out another company of men of armes, to be a countergarde to the foragers that were gone before for the engyn. 1651 N. Bacon Contin. Hist. Disc. Govt. 199 As if he had obtained a generall Passe from Providence, with warranty against all Counterguards whatsoever. 2. Fortification. ‘A narrow detached rampart, placed immediately in front of an important work, to protect it from being breached’ (Stocqueler). ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > earthwork or rampart > [noun] > outwork forewallOE barrace1380 before-wallinga1382 vaumurec1475 faussebraie1490 forework1497 vauntmure1562 counterguard1591 forefence1609 forefight?1611 outworkc1615 crownwork1638 false braye1645 crowned work1677 1591 W. Garrard & R. Hitchcock Arte of Warre 312 This masse of earth being placed as I have said, may be named a Countergarde. 1695 London Gaz. No. 3100/3 The Contregard of a half Bastion called St. Roque. 1762 L. Sterne Life Tristram Shandy VI. xxvii. 114 The counterguard, which faced the counterscarp. 1839 W. F. Napier Hist. War Peninsula xvi. v Counterguards for the bastions. 1879 Cassell's Techn. Educator (new ed.) IV. 138/1 Counter~guards are outworks whose primary object is to screen the escarps of the ravelins and enceinte from being breached. 3. Part of a sword-hilt. ΚΠ 1869 C. Boutell tr. J. P. Lacombe Arms & Armour ix. 173 In addition to these primaries..of the hilt, the pommel, barrel, and cross-guard, our model sword in its hilt has also a guard and a counter-guard (garde and contre-garde)—that is, it has on each side of the barrel, or fusée, and perpendicular to its axis, a plate of metal, flat or concave, plain or in open work. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online June 2021). † counterguardv. Forms: Also 1500s–1600s -gard. Etymology: < French contregarder (13th cent. in Littré): see counter- prefix 1. Obsolete. 1. transitive. To guard against, ward off (danger, evil). ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > vigilance > [verb (transitive)] > guard against warea900 to be aware of1095 wardc1230 bihedea1250 to attend fromc1375 counterwaitc1386 to look out for1578 counterguard1583 bewarea1600 mind1700 to guard against1725 tent1737 1583 T. Stocker tr. Tragicall Hist. Ciuile Warres Lowe Countries i. 28 a To countergard and preuent all discorde, sedition, and ill will. 2. To guard (a person or thing) against danger or attack; to safeguard. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > protect or defend [verb (transitive)] shieldc825 frithc893 werea900 i-schield971 berghOE biwerec1000 grithc1000 witec1000 keepc1175 burghena1225 ward?c1225 hilla1240 warrantc1275 witiec1275 forhilla1300 umshadea1300 defendc1325 fendc1330 to hold in or to warrantc1330 bielda1350 warisha1375 succoura1387 defencea1398 shrouda1400 umbeshadow14.. shelvec1425 targec1430 protect?1435 obumber?1440 thorn1483 warrantise1490 charea1500 safeguard1501 heild?a1513 shend1530 warrant1530 shadow1548 fence1577 safekeep1588 bucklera1593 counterguard1594 save1595 tara1612 target1611 screenc1613 pre-arm1615 custodite1657 shelter1667 to guard against1725 cushion1836 enshield1855 mind1924 buffer1958 1594 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. II. 53 They are set before them to countergard and keepe them, both from ouer great heate, and from excessiue colde. 1594 R. Carew tr. J. Huarte Exam. Mens Wits xiii. 204 He alwaies studieth to offend with wiles, and such wit is requisit wherwith to counter-gard our selues. ?a1639 A. Harsnett Gods Summons (1640) 171 He counter-guards his heart with all diligence. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online December 2020). < n.1523v.1583
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