alkinadj.

Brit.

/ˈɔːlkɪn/, U.S.

/ˈɔlkɪn/,

/ˈɑlkɪn/, Scottish English

/ˈɔlkɪn/

Forms:

α. Old English ealle cynn, Middle English alkine, Middle English alkyn, Middle English allekin, Middle English alle kinne, Middle English alle kunne, Middle English alle kyn, Middle English alle kyne, Middle English alle kynne, Middle English all-kyn, Middle English (1800s– English regional (Cheshire)) alkin, Middle English–1500s alken; Scottish pre-1700 alkin, pre-1700 alkine, pre-1700 alkyne, pre-1700 all kin, pre-1700 all kine, pre-1700 all-kyn, pre-1700 all kyn, pre-1700 1800s alkyn, pre-1700 1800s allkyn, 1800s aw kin, 1900s– awkin.

β. late Old English ealles cynnes, Middle English alles cunnes, Middle English alles kennes, Middle English alles-kunnes, Middle English alleskynnes, Middle English alles kyns, late Middle English alle skenus, late Middle English alle skynnes.

γ. Middle English alkens, Middle English alkines, Middle English alkinnes, Middle English alkins, Middle English alkynnes, Middle English alkyns, Middle English alle cunnes, Middle English alle kunnes, Middle English alle-kynez, Middle English alle kynnez, Middle English all kynnus, Middle English all kyns, 1800s– allkins (English regional (Yorkshire)).

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: all adj., kin n.¹

Etymology: In α. forms < all adj. + kin n.¹ (see note). In β. forms < the genitive of all adj. + the genitive of kin n.¹ (compare kin n.¹ 6b). In γ. forms < all adj. + the genitive of kin n.¹ Compare manykin adj., none-kins adj., somekin adj., and also fele-kyn at fele adj.² 4.The α. forms probably show diverse origins: partly a reanalysis of a construction showing Old English eall cynn (singular or plural) followed by a genitive (compare quot. OE at α. , in which ealle cynn is plural (with late West Saxon ealle for earlier eall )); partly the reflex of a phrase showing the Old English genitive plural ealra cynna (see below). The β. forms reflect Old English ealles cynnes with regular inflection for genitive singular in both elements, the adjective agreeing with the noun. Forms such as Middle English alles cunnes , alles kyns , preserve the earlier inflectional ending of the adjective at a time when first this inflectional ending and subsequently adjectival inflection itself had become obsolete. Forms such as late Middle English alle skynnes suggest that the internal structure of the word was no longer transparent to some speakers. The rarity of the phrase ealles cynnes in Old English (one isolated attestation in a spurious charter of c1100: see quot. lOE at β. ) is perhaps to be seen in the light of the comparative frequency of ælces cynnes (see each kins at each adj. and pron. Phrases 1, and compare ilkin adj.). The γ. forms show remodelling of the genitive phrase in early Middle English. However, in later forms of this type such as allkins the former genitive ending was perhaps reanalysed as the plural ending (compare all kinds of at kind n. Phrases 3). Compare also Middle English allirkin , in the same sense (one isolated attestation: see below), reflecting an unattested Old English *ealra cynna with genitive plural rather than genitive singular (compare discussion of the genitive plural of the adjective at all adj., pron., n., adv., and conj., and also Old English manigra cynna : see manykin adj.):?c1335 in W. Heuser Kildare-Gedichte (1904) 102 Allirkin maner beste, Wel sore hi sul quak.

Scottish and English regional (northern and midlands) in later use. Now rare.

Of every kind or sort; every kind of, all kinds of.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > relationship > variety > [adjective]

sunderlyeOE

manifoldeOE

selcoutha1000

felefoldc1000

mislichOE

alkinOE

manykinOE

fele-kync1175

serekina1300

sundera1325

sundrya1325

serea1340

divers1340

varyingc1340

variantc1380

muchfoldc1384

serelepesa1400

serelepya1400

multifaryc1460

sundryfoldc1460

multiplicate?a1475

variable?a1475

sundrilyc1480

diversea1542

particoloured1591

multifarious1593

Protean1594

daedal1596

choiceful1605

Daedalian1605

multiplex1606

variated1608

diversified1611

multiplicious1617

variousa1634

multivarious1636

mosaic1644

multiple1647

omnigenous1650

chequered1656

plurifarious1656

ununiform1660

variate1677

disuniform1687

Proteusian1689

unsteady1690

unequable1693

inequable1721

variegating1727

varied1733

multitudinous1744

multifold1806

polygeneous1818

unequalized1822

ruleless1836

varicoloured185.

non-uniform1856

omnigener1857

polytypic1858

multiferous1860

variatious1871

variegated1872

polytypical1890

α.

OE Ælfric's Colloquy (1991) 46 Non sum tam uorax ut omnia genera ciborum in una refectione edere possim : ic ne eom swa micel swelgere þæt ic ealle cynn metta on anre gereordinge etan mæge.

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 850 Onn alle kinne wise.

c1350 in C. Brown Relig. Lyrics 14th Cent. (1924) 58 (MED) Oure iuels..Alkine gode þat ve mowe finde.

a1425 (a1400) Prick of Conscience (Galba & Harl.) (1863) l. 613 Alkyn filthe.

a1500 in F. J. Furnivall Polit., Relig., & Love Poems (1903) 135 Alken synnes wer wroȝt in me.

a1513 W. Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen in Poems (1998) I. 41 Alkin hewis under hewin that ony heynd knew.

1552 D. Lindsay Compl. 300 Wors than thay in alkin thyng.

1578 J. Rolland Seuin Seages 68 The Empreour set him self in Judgement. Condampnit his Sone on Gallous for to die, Without respect, that alkin man micht se.

1808 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Allkyn, Alkyn, all kind of.

1844 J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words (1846) I. 43/1 Alkin, all kinds.

1877 E. Leigh Gloss. Words Dial. Cheshire Alkin, all sorts.

1988 W. Neill Making Tracks 64 An cleekt up the weans' swings an birlin-wheel; an awkin ither barebaned godlie wark thay thocht wad shuin ding doun the Pouers o Daurk.

β. lOE Writ of Edward the Confessor, Westminster (Sawyer 1137) in F. E. Harmer Anglo-Saxon Writs (1952) 358 Scotfri & gafollfri of [scire & hundrede, of gelde] & of dænegelde & of ealles cynnes ðingæ.a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 79 (MED) Fuȝeles iþe lufte and alles cunnes wilde dor.c1225 (?c1200) St. Juliana (Bodl.) l. 314 (MED) Ha greiðið þe o grome nu alles cunnes pinen.c1390 in C. Brown Relig. Lyrics 14th Cent. (1924) 180 (MED) Swettest of alles-kunnes þinge!a1425 (?a1350) Seege Troye (Linc. Inn) (1927) l. 804 (MED) Þer was ioye and melodye Of alle skynnes menstracye.c1450 (c1380) G. Chaucer House of Fame l. 1530 A ryght gret companye..Of alleskynnes condiciouns That dwelle in erthe.γ. a1225 MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 57 (MED) Luuien god mid ure mihte ouer alle cunnes wihte.c1300 (c1250) Floris & Blauncheflur (Cambr.) (1966) l. 793 Þer was alle kunnes gleo.c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. x. l. 177 (MED) Of alkinnes craftes I contreued toles.c1440 (?a1400) Morte Arthure l. 3244 (MED) With arborye and alkyns trees.a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1897–1973) 151 (MED) Mahowne the shelde from all kyns yll. 1876 C. C. Robinson Gloss. Words Dial. Mid-Yorks. 2/1 Allkins, all kinds.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	alkin
释义	alkinadj. Brit. /ˈɔːlkɪn/, U.S. /ˈɔlkɪn/, /ˈɑlkɪn/, Scottish English /ˈɔlkɪn/ Forms: α. Old English ealle cynn, Middle English alkine, Middle English alkyn, Middle English allekin, Middle English alle kinne, Middle English alle kunne, Middle English alle kyn, Middle English alle kyne, Middle English alle kynne, Middle English all-kyn, Middle English (1800s– English regional (Cheshire)) alkin, Middle English–1500s alken; Scottish pre-1700 alkin, pre-1700 alkine, pre-1700 alkyne, pre-1700 all kin, pre-1700 all kine, pre-1700 all-kyn, pre-1700 all kyn, pre-1700 1800s alkyn, pre-1700 1800s allkyn, 1800s aw kin, 1900s– awkin. β. late Old English ealles cynnes, Middle English alles cunnes, Middle English alles kennes, Middle English alles-kunnes, Middle English alleskynnes, Middle English alles kyns, late Middle English alle skenus, late Middle English alle skynnes. γ. Middle English alkens, Middle English alkines, Middle English alkinnes, Middle English alkins, Middle English alkynnes, Middle English alkyns, Middle English alle cunnes, Middle English alle kunnes, Middle English alle-kynez, Middle English alle kynnez, Middle English all kynnus, Middle English all kyns, 1800s– allkins (English regional (Yorkshire)). Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: all adj., kin n.¹ Etymology: In α. forms < all adj. + kin n.¹ (see note). In β. forms < the genitive of all adj. + the genitive of kin n.¹ (compare kin n.¹ 6b). In γ. forms < all adj. + the genitive of kin n.¹ Compare manykin adj., none-kins adj., somekin adj., and also fele-kyn at fele adj.² 4.The α. forms probably show diverse origins: partly a reanalysis of a construction showing Old English eall cynn (singular or plural) followed by a genitive (compare quot. OE at α. , in which ealle cynn is plural (with late West Saxon ealle for earlier eall )); partly the reflex of a phrase showing the Old English genitive plural ealra cynna (see below). The β. forms reflect Old English ealles cynnes with regular inflection for genitive singular in both elements, the adjective agreeing with the noun. Forms such as Middle English alles cunnes , alles kyns , preserve the earlier inflectional ending of the adjective at a time when first this inflectional ending and subsequently adjectival inflection itself had become obsolete. Forms such as late Middle English alle skynnes suggest that the internal structure of the word was no longer transparent to some speakers. The rarity of the phrase ealles cynnes in Old English (one isolated attestation in a spurious charter of c1100: see quot. lOE at β. ) is perhaps to be seen in the light of the comparative frequency of ælces cynnes (see each kins at each adj. and pron. Phrases 1, and compare ilkin adj.). The γ. forms show remodelling of the genitive phrase in early Middle English. However, in later forms of this type such as allkins the former genitive ending was perhaps reanalysed as the plural ending (compare all kinds of at kind n. Phrases 3). Compare also Middle English allirkin , in the same sense (one isolated attestation: see below), reflecting an unattested Old English ealra cynna with genitive plural rather than genitive singular (compare discussion of the genitive plural of the adjective at all adj., pron., n., adv., and conj., and also Old English manigra cynna* : see manykin adj.):?c1335 in W. Heuser Kildare-Gedichte (1904) 102 Allirkin maner beste, Wel sore hi sul quak. Scottish and English regional (northern and midlands) in later use. Now rare. Of every kind or sort; every kind of, all kinds of. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > relationship > variety > [adjective] sunderlyeOE manifoldeOE selcoutha1000 felefoldc1000 mislichOE alkinOE manykinOE fele-kync1175 serekina1300 sundera1325 sundrya1325 serea1340 divers1340 varyingc1340 variantc1380 muchfoldc1384 serelepesa1400 serelepya1400 multifaryc1460 sundryfoldc1460 multiplicate?a1475 variable?a1475 sundrilyc1480 diversea1542 particoloured1591 multifarious1593 Protean1594 daedal1596 choiceful1605 Daedalian1605 multiplex1606 variated1608 diversified1611 multiplicious1617 variousa1634 multivarious1636 mosaic1644 multiple1647 omnigenous1650 chequered1656 plurifarious1656 ununiform1660 variate1677 disuniform1687 Proteusian1689 unsteady1690 unequable1693 inequable1721 variegating1727 varied1733 multitudinous1744 multifold1806 polygeneous1818 unequalized1822 ruleless1836 varicoloured185. non-uniform1856 omnigener1857 polytypic1858 multiferous1860 variatious1871 variegated1872 polytypical1890 α. OE Ælfric's Colloquy (1991) 46 Non sum tam uorax ut omnia genera ciborum in una refectione edere possim : ic ne eom swa micel swelgere þæt ic ealle cynn metta on anre gereordinge etan mæge. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 850 Onn alle kinne wise. c1350 in C. Brown Relig. Lyrics 14th Cent. (1924) 58 (MED) Oure iuels..Alkine gode þat ve mowe finde. a1425 (a1400) Prick of Conscience (Galba & Harl.) (1863) l. 613 Alkyn filthe. a1500 in F. J. Furnivall Polit., Relig., & Love Poems (1903) 135 Alken synnes wer wroȝt in me. a1513 W. Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen in Poems (1998) I. 41 Alkin hewis under hewin that ony heynd knew. 1552 D. Lindsay Compl. 300 Wors than thay in alkin thyng. 1578 J. Rolland Seuin Seages 68 The Empreour set him self in Judgement. Condampnit his Sone on Gallous for to die, Without respect, that alkin man micht se. 1808 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Allkyn, Alkyn, all kind of. 1844 J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words (1846) I. 43/1 Alkin, all kinds. 1877 E. Leigh Gloss. Words Dial. Cheshire Alkin, all sorts. 1988 W. Neill Making Tracks 64 An cleekt up the weans' swings an birlin-wheel; an awkin ither barebaned godlie wark thay thocht wad shuin ding doun the Pouers o Daurk. β. lOE Writ of Edward the Confessor, Westminster (Sawyer 1137) in F. E. Harmer Anglo-Saxon Writs (1952) 358 Scotfri & gafollfri of [scire & hundrede, of gelde] & of dænegelde & of ealles cynnes ðingæ.a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 79 (MED) Fuȝeles iþe lufte and alles cunnes wilde dor.c1225 (?c1200) St. Juliana (Bodl.) l. 314 (MED) Ha greiðið þe o grome nu alles cunnes pinen.c1390 in C. Brown Relig. Lyrics 14th Cent. (1924) 180 (MED) Swettest of alles-kunnes þinge!a1425 (?a1350) Seege Troye (Linc. Inn) (1927) l. 804 (MED) Þer was ioye and melodye Of alle skynnes menstracye.c1450 (c1380) G. Chaucer House of Fame l. 1530 A ryght gret companye..Of alleskynnes condiciouns That dwelle in erthe.γ. a1225 MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 57 (MED) Luuien god mid ure mihte ouer alle cunnes wihte.c1300 (c1250) Floris & Blauncheflur (Cambr.) (1966) l. 793 Þer was alle kunnes gleo.c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. x. l. 177 (MED) Of alkinnes craftes I contreued toles.c1440 (?a1400) Morte Arthure l. 3244 (MED) With arborye and alkyns trees.a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1897–1973) 151 (MED) Mahowne the shelde from all kyns yll. 1876 C. C. Robinson Gloss. Words Dial. Mid-Yorks. 2/1 Allkins, all kinds. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.OE
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