obsidianadj.n.

Brit.

/əbˈsɪdɪən/, U.S.

/əbˈsɪdiən/,

/ɑbˈsɪdiən/

Forms: 1600s– obsidian, 1800s obsidion (irregular).

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin obsidiānus, obsiānus.

Etymology: < classical Latin obsidiānus (adjective) containing or made of obsidian, variant of obsiānus < the name of Obsius (also Obsidius ), a Roman who found a similar stone in Ethiopia + -ānus -an suffix. Compare Middle French obsidien , noun and adjective (1562 in Du Pinet's translation of Pliny; compare quot. 1601 at sense A. 1), French obsidiane (1600 as adjective, 1644 as noun), obsidienne (1765).The classical Latin forms Obsidius, obsidiānus occur as variants in manuscripts of Pliny. Compare earlier borrowing of classical Latin obsiānus into English (compare also Anglo-Norman obsianus, Middle French obsiane (1522)): ▸ a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 207^v Þe stoon osianus is y-rekened among kynde of glas, and þis stoon is som tyme grene and som tyme blak and is clere and bright.a1500 in J. Evans & M. S. Serjeantson Eng. Mediaeval Lapidaries (1933) 109 Obxianus is a stone þat if a man ber him þer schall neuer sweuenes to him harme.1750 tr. C. Leonardus Mirror of Stones 216 Obsius, or Obsianus, is of a black transparent Colour in the Likeness of Glass. With use as noun compare classical Latin obsidiāna (neuter plural) obsidian ware. For a non-naturalized loan of this into English compare:1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. xxxvi. xxvi. 598 There may be raunged among the kinds of glasses, those which they call Obsidiana, for that they carie some resemblance of that stone, which one Obsidius found in Æthyopia.

A. adj.

1. Containing or made of obsidian; resembling obsidian.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > rock > igneous rock > [adjective] > volcanic > lava > vitreous

obsidian1601

semi-vitreous1813

perlitic1879

pyroxenitic1914

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. xxxvi. xxvi. 598 There is a kind of Obsidian glasse, with a tincture artificiall, as blacke as Iaiet.

1794 R. Kirwan Elements Mineral. (ed. 2) I. 352 Obsidian Porphyry. Black, or greyish black.

1832 N. Amer. Rev. July 85 I had a full view of the tremendous Krabka, the Obsidian mountain, and two or three other volcanic mountains.

1872 Athenæum 21 Dec. 813/1 Obsidian knives, and flakes..reminding one of the Mexican examples in the British Museum.

a1930 R. Bridges Test. of Beauty iv, in Poet. Wks. (1936) 665 Drinking vessels of beaten silver or of clean gold, Vases of alabaster, obsidian chalices, Cylinder seals of empire and delicat gems Of personal adornment.

1992 Atlantic Sept. 24/3 One must hope that by the twentieth century the Aztecs and the Incas would have learned to read and write and would have abandoned their commitment to torture, obsidian knives, and blood-stained pyramids.

2. Of the appearance or colour of obsidian; glassy, (esp. lustrous) black. Also figurative.

ΚΠ

1906 Westm. Gaz. 13 July 2/1 He halted his cattle and stood to look at us—a handsome, big-limbed giant with obsidian eyes in a pale brown face.

1929 Travel Jan. 8/2 Obsidian pools where one sees nothing, so deep is the blackness.

1965 E. Dahlberg Reasons of Heart 44 A bilious windy Ulysses..telling an obsidian truth.

1993 Vanity Fair (N.Y.) Nov. 182/2 These accessories, along with the obsidian hair..red mouth, and jabbing, scarlet-tipped arrow of an index finger [etc.].

B. n.

A hard, dark, glass-like volcanic rock which is formed by the rapid solidification of (usually acidic) lava without crystallization and shows a conchoidal fracture; volcanic glass.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > rock > igneous rock > [noun] > volcanic rocks > lava > vitreous

obsidian stone1601

pitchstonea1728

volcanic glass1780

obsidian1794

pearlstone1806

retinite1808

marekanite1818

perlite1833

Pele's hair1844

Pele's tears1930

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. xxxvi. xxvi. 598 The said statue was all of the Iaiet, called Obsidianus.

1661 R. Lovell Πανζωορυκτολογια, sive Panzoologicomineralogia sig. e8 The Obsidianus [represents] a Shaddow.]

1794 R. Kirwan Elements Mineral. (ed. 2) I. 264 Obsidian..is found in Hungary, inhering in gneiss, and disintegrated granite.

1811 J. Pinkerton Petralogy II. 310 Black or blue obsidian.

1837 W. Irving Adventures Capt. Bonneville II. 197 Their weapons were bows and arrows; the latter tipped with obsidian.

1868 J. D. Dana Syst. Mineral. (ed. 5) 359 Any lava will become glassy, and thus make obsidian, by rapid cooling.

1885 R. Bridges Eros & Psyche xi. ix. 134 A pyx..of dark obsidian's rarest green.

1909 G. Stratton-Porter Girl of Limberlost 89 ‘What does he pay [for arrows]?’ ‘Ten cents for any common perfect one,..a dollar for obsidian.’

1993 Esquire Dec. 48 William Gibson imagines the palmtop TV/telephone of the future: a smooth, oblong shape, like a piece of polished obsidian.

2001 Archaeology Jan. 44/2 Herodotus said the embalmers used ‘a sharp Ethiopan stone’ for the body incision. This meant obsidian, volcanic glass.

Compounds

C1. Compounds of the adjective.

obsidian stone n. [after classical Latin obsiānus lapis; compare Hellenistic Greek ὀψιανὸς λίθος (1st cent. a.d.), Middle French pierre obsidienne (1562 in Du Pinet's translation of Pliny), pierre obsidiane (1600)] now rare = sense B.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > rock > igneous rock > [noun] > volcanic rocks > lava > vitreous

obsidian stone1601

pitchstonea1728

volcanic glass1780

obsidian1794

pearlstone1806

retinite1808

marekanite1818

perlite1833

Pele's hair1844

Pele's tears1930

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. xxxvi. xxvi. 598 Foure Elephants made of this Obsidian stone.

1656 T. Blount Glossographia Obsidian Stone, a precious stone, mentioned in Pliny.

1686 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Staffs. iii. 126 The Obsidian stone.

1715 tr. G. Panciroli Hist. Memorable Things Lost I. i. iii. 10 Obsidian Stones are black, but very shining.

a1822 P. B. Shelley Prose Wks. (1880) III. 72 A remarkable figure of Sleep as a winged child..sleeping on its great half unfolded wing of black obsidian stone.

1870 W. Smith Dict. Greek & Rom. Antiq. (new ed.) 1052/2 at Speculum Besides metals, the ancients also formed stones into mirrors... Pliny..mentions the obsidian stone, or, as it is now called, the Icelandic agate, as particularly suitable for this purpose.

1963 J. Hambleton tr. G. Lanctot Hist. Canada I. ii. 16 There even existed an active exchange of copper ingots, obsidian stone and woollen blankets among the Pacific coast and interior tribes.

C2. Compounds of the noun.

obsidian-headed adj.

ΚΠ

1852 H. W. Herbert Captains of Old World 87 Æthiopians, wrapped in panther skins and lion hides, with bows and obsidian-headed arrows.

1877 Jrnl. Anthropol. Inst. 6 407 The heads of the obsidian-headed spears serve as knives, being cut off just below the ornamented mounting which acts as a handle.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	obsidian
释义	obsidianadj.n. Brit. /əbˈsɪdɪən/, U.S. /əbˈsɪdiən/, /ɑbˈsɪdiən/ Forms: 1600s– obsidian, 1800s obsidion (irregular). Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin obsidiānus, obsiānus. Etymology: < classical Latin obsidiānus (adjective) containing or made of obsidian, variant of obsiānus < the name of Obsius (also Obsidius ), a Roman who found a similar stone in Ethiopia + -ānus -an suffix. Compare Middle French obsidien , noun and adjective (1562 in Du Pinet's translation of Pliny; compare quot. 1601 at sense A. 1), French obsidiane (1600 as adjective, 1644 as noun), obsidienne (1765).The classical Latin forms Obsidius, obsidiānus occur as variants in manuscripts of Pliny. Compare earlier borrowing of classical Latin obsiānus into English (compare also Anglo-Norman obsianus, Middle French obsiane (1522)): ▸ a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 207^v Þe stoon osianus is y-rekened among kynde of glas, and þis stoon is som tyme grene and som tyme blak and is clere and bright.a1500 in J. Evans & M. S. Serjeantson Eng. Mediaeval Lapidaries (1933) 109 Obxianus is a stone þat if a man ber him þer schall neuer sweuenes to him harme.1750 tr. C. Leonardus Mirror of Stones 216 Obsius, or Obsianus, is of a black transparent Colour in the Likeness of Glass. With use as noun compare classical Latin obsidiāna (neuter plural) obsidian ware. For a non-naturalized loan of this into English compare:1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. xxxvi. xxvi. 598 There may be raunged among the kinds of glasses, those which they call Obsidiana, for that they carie some resemblance of that stone, which one Obsidius found in Æthyopia. A. adj. 1. Containing or made of obsidian; resembling obsidian. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > rock > igneous rock > [adjective] > volcanic > lava > vitreous obsidian1601 semi-vitreous1813 perlitic1879 pyroxenitic1914 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. xxxvi. xxvi. 598 There is a kind of Obsidian glasse, with a tincture artificiall, as blacke as Iaiet. 1794 R. Kirwan Elements Mineral. (ed. 2) I. 352 Obsidian Porphyry. Black, or greyish black. 1832 N. Amer. Rev. July 85 I had a full view of the tremendous Krabka, the Obsidian mountain, and two or three other volcanic mountains. 1872 Athenæum 21 Dec. 813/1 Obsidian knives, and flakes..reminding one of the Mexican examples in the British Museum. a1930 R. Bridges Test. of Beauty iv, in Poet. Wks. (1936) 665 Drinking vessels of beaten silver or of clean gold, Vases of alabaster, obsidian chalices, Cylinder seals of empire and delicat gems Of personal adornment. 1992 Atlantic Sept. 24/3 One must hope that by the twentieth century the Aztecs and the Incas would have learned to read and write and would have abandoned their commitment to torture, obsidian knives, and blood-stained pyramids. 2. Of the appearance or colour of obsidian; glassy, (esp. lustrous) black. Also figurative. ΚΠ 1906 Westm. Gaz. 13 July 2/1 He halted his cattle and stood to look at us—a handsome, big-limbed giant with obsidian eyes in a pale brown face. 1929 Travel Jan. 8/2 Obsidian pools where one sees nothing, so deep is the blackness. 1965 E. Dahlberg Reasons of Heart 44 A bilious windy Ulysses..telling an obsidian truth. 1993 Vanity Fair (N.Y.) Nov. 182/2 These accessories, along with the obsidian hair..red mouth, and jabbing, scarlet-tipped arrow of an index finger [etc.]. B. n. A hard, dark, glass-like volcanic rock which is formed by the rapid solidification of (usually acidic) lava without crystallization and shows a conchoidal fracture; volcanic glass. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > rock > igneous rock > [noun] > volcanic rocks > lava > vitreous obsidian stone1601 pitchstonea1728 volcanic glass1780 obsidian1794 pearlstone1806 retinite1808 marekanite1818 perlite1833 Pele's hair1844 Pele's tears1930 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. xxxvi. xxvi. 598 The said statue was all of the Iaiet, called Obsidianus. 1661 R. Lovell Πανζωορυκτολογια, sive Panzoologicomineralogia sig. e8 The Obsidianus [represents] a Shaddow.] 1794 R. Kirwan Elements Mineral. (ed. 2) I. 264 Obsidian..is found in Hungary, inhering in gneiss, and disintegrated granite. 1811 J. Pinkerton Petralogy II. 310 Black or blue obsidian. 1837 W. Irving Adventures Capt. Bonneville II. 197 Their weapons were bows and arrows; the latter tipped with obsidian. 1868 J. D. Dana Syst. Mineral. (ed. 5) 359 Any lava will become glassy, and thus make obsidian, by rapid cooling. 1885 R. Bridges Eros & Psyche xi. ix. 134 A pyx..of dark obsidian's rarest green. 1909 G. Stratton-Porter Girl of Limberlost 89 ‘What does he pay [for arrows]?’ ‘Ten cents for any common perfect one,..a dollar for obsidian.’ 1993 Esquire Dec. 48 William Gibson imagines the palmtop TV/telephone of the future: a smooth, oblong shape, like a piece of polished obsidian. 2001 Archaeology Jan. 44/2 Herodotus said the embalmers used ‘a sharp Ethiopan stone’ for the body incision. This meant obsidian, volcanic glass. Compounds C1. Compounds of the adjective. obsidian stone n. [after classical Latin obsiānus lapis; compare Hellenistic Greek ὀψιανὸς λίθος (1st cent. a.d.), Middle French pierre obsidienne (1562 in Du Pinet's translation of Pliny), pierre obsidiane (1600)] now rare = sense B. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > rock > igneous rock > [noun] > volcanic rocks > lava > vitreous obsidian stone1601 pitchstonea1728 volcanic glass1780 obsidian1794 pearlstone1806 retinite1808 marekanite1818 perlite1833 Pele's hair1844 Pele's tears1930 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. xxxvi. xxvi. 598 Foure Elephants made of this Obsidian stone. 1656 T. Blount Glossographia Obsidian Stone, a precious stone, mentioned in Pliny. 1686 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Staffs. iii. 126 The Obsidian stone. 1715 tr. G. Panciroli Hist. Memorable Things Lost I. i. iii. 10 Obsidian Stones are black, but very shining. a1822 P. B. Shelley Prose Wks. (1880) III. 72 A remarkable figure of Sleep as a winged child..sleeping on its great half unfolded wing of black obsidian stone. 1870 W. Smith Dict. Greek & Rom. Antiq. (new ed.) 1052/2 at Speculum Besides metals, the ancients also formed stones into mirrors... Pliny..mentions the obsidian stone, or, as it is now called, the Icelandic agate, as particularly suitable for this purpose. 1963 J. Hambleton tr. G. Lanctot Hist. Canada I. ii. 16 There even existed an active exchange of copper ingots, obsidian stone and woollen blankets among the Pacific coast and interior tribes. C2. Compounds of the noun. obsidian-headed adj. ΚΠ 1852 H. W. Herbert Captains of Old World 87 Æthiopians, wrapped in panther skins and lion hides, with bows and obsidian-headed arrows. 1877 Jrnl. Anthropol. Inst. 6 407 The heads of the obsidian-headed spears serve as knives, being cut off just below the ornamented mounting which acts as a handle. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.1601
随便看	to fix one's staff to fix out to fix someone's clock to fix someone's wagon to fix the eye to fix the foot or footing to fix the mercury to fix the table to fix the venue to fix up to fix wagon to fix with costs to fix with liability to fix with one's eyes to fizzle away to fizzle out to flag down, in to flag in money to flag off to flag out to flag over to flag rein to flail along to flake to flake out