| 释义 |
‖ prytanis Gr. Antiq.|ˈprɪtənɪs|
Pl. -nes |-niːz|. Also 7 in Anglicized form prytan, -ane.
[L. prytanis, a. Gr. πρύτανις a prince, ruler, chief, at Athens a president.]
1. In ancient Athens, A member of that division of the Council of Five Hundred which was presiding at the time.
1656J. Harrington Oceana (1700) 79 The Prytans were a Committee or Council sitting in the Great Hall of Pantheon. 1727–41Chambers Cycl. s.v., All the fifty prytanes of the tribe did not govern together during those five weeks; but in companies, ten at a time, chosen by lot; seven days each company. 1874Mahaffy Soc. Life Greece xii. 372 The prytanes referred their case to the council.
2. The chief magistrate of a Greek state, as of Rhodes, Lycia, or Miletus.
1682Wheler Journ. Greece iii. 267 He was Prytane, or Chief Magistrate among them. 1737Whiston Josephus, Antiq. xiv. x. §22 The decree of those of Pergamus:—‘When Cratippus was prytanis, on the first day of the month Desius’. 1868Smith's Dict. Gr. & Rom. Antiq. (ed. 7) s.v. Prytaneium, Officers called prytanes (πρυτάνεις) were entrusted with the chief magistracy in several states of Greece, as Corcyra, Corinth, Miletus.
3. transf. A president, chief.
1847Grote Greece ii. x. III. 101 It is probable also that the functions of that senate [the Areopagus], and those of the prytanes of the naukrars, were of the same double and confused nature. 1898A. Lang Making Relig. xvii. 317 In polytheism that conception is necessarily obscured, showing itself dimly either in the Prytanis, or President of the Immortals, such as Zeus; or in Fate.
Hence ˈprytan a. rare, pertaining to or consisting of prytanes; presiding in the Council of Five Hundred at Athens; ˈprytanize v. intr., of a division or individual: to exercise the prytany; whence ˈprytanizing vbl. n. and ppl. a.
1866Felton Anc. & Mod. Gr. II. i. vi. 95 Every prytan body of fifty was divided into five committees of ten each; and its period of office into five of seven days each. 1847Grote Greece ii. xxxvi. IV. 484 note, Conformable to their order in prytanising, as drawn by lot for the year. Ibid. 485 note, First in the order of prytanising tribes for the year. |