| 释义 |
polymerize, v.|ˈpɒlɪməraɪz|
[f. as polymer + -ize.]
1. Chem.
a. trans. To render polymeric; to form a polymer of. Cf. polymer.
b. intr. To become polymeric; to be converted into a polymer.
1865Mansfield Salts 247 That..two molecules of the same body, when formed side by side, shall become polymerized or dimerized into a compound of double equivalent weight. 1867Proc. R. Soc. XVI. 158 If we remember the facility with which the aldehydes are polimerized [sic], the question presents itself, whether the aldehyde formed by the slow combustion of methylic alcohol is represented by the formula CH2O, or a multiple thereof. 1883Athenæum 7 Apr. 447/3 M. Berthelot..is led to suspect that..the various kinds of carbon which occur in nature are in reality polymerized products of the true element carbon. 1893[see afterglow b]. 1910Encycl. Brit. X. 667/2 It is not possible to obtain the aldehyde in a pure condition, since it readily polymerizes. 1930H. F. Lewis Fund. Org. Chem. viii. 95 Three molecules of acetaldehyde polymerize under the influence of a small amount of concentrated sulfuric acid. 1936H. W. Rowell Technol. Plastics ix. 57 The primary ester may be polymerized by heating in the presence of a peroxide catalyst. 1957Times 10 Sept. 11/1 The effect was to produce reactive groups which could be used to polymerize a different material with the result that mixed polymers of very varied properties could be produced. 1971Brit. Printer Jan. 64/2 The use of ultra-violet radiation for polymerising polyester wood lacquers has been known for some time. 1972Nature 18 Feb. 404/3 This leads into a subsidiary argument: which were the first to polymerize, amino-acids or polynucleotides?
2. Biol. (trans.) To render polymerous.
1879W. Dittmar in Encycl. Brit. IX. 98/1 note, The vibriones are seemingly nothing more than polymerized bacteria, with intensified powers of locomotion. With regard to their position in the world of life, present evidence leaves it uncertain whether they are plants or animals.
Hence poˌlymeriˈzation, the action or process of polymerizing; formation of polymers; also, the state of being polymeric; hence also ˈpolymerized ppl. a., ˈpolymerizing vbl. n. and ppl. a.; ˈpolymerizer, an apparatus or installation in which polymerization occurs.
1867Bloxam Chem. 665/2 (Index), Polymerising by sulphuric acid. 1872Jrnl. Chem. Soc. XXV. 433 Besides the olefines which are derived from compounds having the general formula CnH2n + 1R (R representing a monad radical), by the abstraction of HR, there exists another group, formed by the polymerisation of the members of the first group. 1879Ibid. XXXV. 743 We purposely avoided distilling the polymerised product until entirely freed from substances volatile in a current of steam. 1880Nature XXIII. 193/2 This one fundamental form yields our ordinary elements and many others by ordinary polymerisation. 1900Nation (N.Y.) 10 May 366/2 That the same matter exists everywhere throughout the stellar system in a few different grades of evolution—that is, of polymerization and combinations of polymers—depending upon the temperature to which it is subjected. 1923B. D. W. Luff Chem. of Rubber vii. 74 In the meantime it had been observed that not only isoprene but many other unsaturated hydrocarbons were capable of polymerising. 1929Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. LI. 2549 Polymerization then is the chemical union of many similar molecules either..without or..with the elimination of simpler molecules. 1930Chem. Abstr. XXIV. 612 SnCl4 was employed as the polymerizing agent. 1933Industr. & Engin. Chem. Feb. 126/2 The length and shape of the chain must be considered when comparing two different resins or the same resin in different degrees of polymerization. 1940A. N. Sachanen Conversion of Petroleum i. 64 The absorption of olefins by sulphuric acid and the polymerization take place in the reactor. No special polymerizer is necessary. 1945A. T. Birkby Phenolic Plastics ii. 16 The larger or polymerised molecule possesses different physical properties from the constituent smaller molecules. 1946J. Grant in Mod. Petroleum Technol. (Inst. Petroleum) 165 In the separator the acid phase settles to the bottom and is withdrawn to the polymerizer. 1950Thorpe's Dict. Appl. Chem. (ed. 4) X. 21/1 A polymerising unit of such polyfunctionality that gelation will ensue through the cross-linking which accompanies the oxidation. 1956Atlantic Monthly Sept. 24/3 It is a polymerized ethylene glycol that differs from what you pour into your radiator only in being solid at room temperature. 1965P. W. Morgan Condensation Polymers iii. 107 Many continuous polymerizers are comprised of a cascade system of reactors or a reacting chamber provided with high-speed stirring followed by a larger holding reservoir with lower speed agitation. 1967Margerison & East Introd. Polymer Chem. iii. 146 When 50% of the original carboxylic acid groups have reacted, the average degree of polymerization has only doubled. 1971Brit. Printer Jan. 65/1 These highly reactive molecular units can then react with unsaturation in resin molecules to cause polymerisation and hence drying. 1974E. Ambler Dr. Frigo ii. 112 Polymerisation is..a change of state, a molecular rearrangement. Raw rubber becomes vulcanized rubber, say... The second is a polymer of the first. 1977Lancet 19 Nov. 1070/2 How much of a toxic gas such as vinyl chloride will escape from the polymeriser pots where it is turned into p.v.c.? |