| 释义 |
▪ I. fender, n.|ˈfɛndə(r)|
[f. fend v. + -er.]
1. = defender. Obs. exc. dial.
a1400–50Alexander 1839 Þe fendere of grece. c1440Promp. Parv. 155 Fendowre, or defendowre. 1678Four for a Penny 3 He [a Pawnbroker] is..the Common Fender of all Bulkers and Shoplifts in the Town. 1876Whitby Gloss., Fender, a defender in all senses.
2. Something that serves to fend or keep off something else:
a. in gen. sense.
1615E. S. Britains Buss in Arb. Garner III. 627 Fenders or long poles. 1825Ann. Reg. 247* This bone constitutes a fin, or fender. 1841Catlin N. Amer. Ind. (1844) I. iv. 32 Protected with the shield or arrow fender. 1864Sala in Daily Tel. 29 July, The coal bunkers..in a state of repletion are the best kind of ‘fenders’ for the protection of the boilers from shot and shell. 1882Buckland Notes & Jottings 159 The loose feathers of the neck forming a fender to the shoulder of the wing. 1893Temple Bar Mag. XCVIII. 468 The fenders..the tiaras of the chaperones.
b. Naut. A piece of old cable, or other yielding material, hung over a vessel's side to preserve it from chafing or collision with a wharf or with other vessels. Also (see quot. 1850).
1626Capt. Smith Accid. Yng. Seamen 16 They serue for Iunkes, fendors and braded plackets for brests of defence. 1627― Seaman's Gram. vii. 30 Fenders are peeces of old Hawsers called Iunkes hung ouer the ship sides to keepe them from brusing. 1821A. Fisher Jrnl. Arctic Reg. 34 We were obliged to put fenders of junk over the ship's side to prevent her from being damaged by the ice. c1850Rudim. Navig. (Weale) 117 Fenders, two pieces of oak plank fayed edgewise, perpendicularly, against the top⁓sides abreast the main hatchway, to prevent the sides of the ship from being rubbed by the hoisting of anything on board. 1885J. Runciman Skippers & Sh. 212 A sailor slipped a cork fender over the side.
c. A large piece of timber placed as a guard in front of any structure, esp. a pier, dock-wall, etc. Also fender-pile (see 7).
1739C. Labelye Short Acc. Piers Westm. Bridge 19 The Use of these Fenders..was to secure the Works from the Approach of Barges. 1838Simms Public Wks. Gt. Brit. ii. 7 The wing walls..of the lock are defended by detached guards or fenders of timber. 1856in S. C. Brees Terms Archit. etc. 1892Daily News 27 Oct. 2/6 The wheel of his van struck a fender immediately outside some hoarding.
d. In various other technical uses (see quots.).
1874Knight Dict. Mech., Fender, an attachment to a cultivator-plow to keep clods from rolling on to the young corn. [Also,] A rub-plate on the bed of a wagon or carriage to take the rub of the wheel when the vehicle is turning short. 1884Ibid. Suppl., Fender, a screen against a carriage or car-step to keep dirt or mud from being thrown upon it by the wheels. A fender board.
e. See quot. Cf. fence 4 c.
1894M. Grant in Cent. Mag. XLVII. 352/2 The double fenders or brow-antlers [of the moose] do the most damage.
f. A mudguard over a wheel of a motor vehicle. N. Amer.
1919S. Lewis Free Air 103 Claire..had enjoyed the sight of their duffle-bags stuck up between the sleek fenders and the hood. 1928Punch 25 Apr. p. xxx/3 (Advt.), Fender guards to match for rear. 1932E. Wilson Devil take Hindmost viii. 47 A thousand-ton electric shear..reduces chassis, springs, wheels, fenders and all to a junk fodder of iron spines. 1960Times 14 Sept. 12/6 When we hired a car in California we found that a car..bristles with surprises. You scrape the fender. 1963H. Garner in R. Weaver Canad. Short Stories 2nd Ser. (1968) 41 There was no sign of a flat tire, but its left front fender was loose.
3. a. A metal frame placed in front of a fire to keep falling coals from rolling out into the room.
1688Miege Fr. Dict., Fender. 1710Swift Jrnl. to Stella 24 Dec., Only a mouse within the fender to warm himself. 1765Layard in Phil. Trans. LVI. 17 An iron fender. 1834Mrs. Carlyle Lett. I. 11 She actually borrowed one of the brass fenders. 1861Dickens Gt. Expect. xxx, Sitting with our feet on the fender.
b. A fire-guard. ? U.S.
1874in Knight Dict. Mech.
c. Building. ‘A dwarf wall in the basement of a house, built up to carry the front hearth of a fireplace’ (Gwilt).
4. A sluice-gate. Sometimes applied to the whole sluice.
1847C. G. Addison Law of Contracts ii. i. §i. (1883) 248 A sliding fender used to prevent the escape of water from a mill-stream. 1868Law Reports Q. Bench Div. III. 289 In that part of the dam..is placed a fender or set of fenders. 1884Daily News 23 July 5/2 The paddler of a canoe got sucked under a fender into a swift stream.
5. A device made of rushes, leaves, or plaited paper, with which seals were sometimes encircled to secure them from injury.
1864Boutell Heraldry Hist. & Pop. xxiv. §1 (ed. 3) 399 ‘Fenders’ of this kind have been found attached to seals as early as 1380. 1891J. P. Earwaker in Proc. Soc. Antiq. 19 Feb. 255 The seal is..protected by a twisted rush fender.
6. (See quot.) ? Obs.
1682J. Collins Salt & Fishery 14 [Crude sea-salt is] carried in wicker Baskets or Fenders to Brine Wells.
7. attrib. and Comb., as fender-maker; fender-beam, (a) (see quot. 1874); (b) = fender-stop; fender-bender slang (chiefly U.S.), a (usu. minor) motor accident; fender-board (see quot. 1884 in sense 2 d); fender-bolt Naut., (a) (see quot. 1867); (b) a bolt by which a fender is attached to a ship, etc.; fender-pile = fender n. 2 c; fender-post (see quot.); fender-stool, a kind of long footstool usually placed close to the fender; fender-stop (see quot.); fender wall = fender 3 c.
1874Knight Dict. Mech., *Fender-beam 1. The horizontal beam into which the posts of a saw-mill gate are framed at top. 2. The inclined advance piece of an ice-breaker. 3. A beam suspended over a vessel's side to ward off ice and preserve the planking and sheathing of the vessel.
1966Time 14 Oct. 39/2 To the TV reporter, his producer is a man who dotes on ‘*fender-bender footage’: auto crashes, fires, demonstrations, fights. 1975Guardian Weekly 16 Nov. 20 It would be hard to top the hassle of a Moscow fender-bender. 1981Plate & Darvi Secret Police i. 2 A fender-bender at a busy intersection.
1678A. Littleton Lat. Dict. s.v., *Fender-bolts. 1769Falconer Dict. Marine (1789) G b, Fender-bolts..driven into the wales, stem, or sides of..small vessels..to defend their timber⁓work. 1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., Fender Bolts.
1891Daily News 26 Jan. 2/5 The season has been a busy one for *fender and fire-iron makers.
1739C. Labelye Short Acc. Piers Westm. Bridge 36 The *Fender-piles which guarded the North-point of this Pier. 1793Smeaton Edystone L. §224 Fixing the Fender Piles on the east side of the rock. 1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., Fender-piles.
1874Knight Dict. Mech., *Fender-post, one of the guiding stanchions of a saw⁓gate.
1870R. Broughton Red as Rose I. 260 Let me put you down in the raffle for a *fender-stool.
1856S. C. Brees Terms Archit. etc., *Fender Stop, the beams fixed at the extremity of a line of rails..to stop the carriages and prevent their running off.
1894J. P. Allen Pract. Building Constr. ii. 28 *Fender walls are those built round fireplaces to carry the hearth⁓stones and take the ends of the joists, which would otherwise have to be trimmed. 1924W. M. F. Petrie Relig. Life Anc. Egypt 124 Successive coatings of wall, and fender walls before the doorway.
▪ II. fender, v.|ˈfɛndə(r)|
[f. prec. n.]
To provide with a fender or fenders.
Mod. (techn.). Specifications for fendering the river banks. |