| 释义 |
ˌparasympaˈthetic, a. Anat.
[para-1.]
Of, pertaining to, or designating one of the major divisions of the autonomic nervous system, distinguished from the sympathetic system by its place of origin, its use of acetylcholine as a transmitter, and its general association with rest and recuperation rather than alertness. Also absol., the parasympathetic system.
1905J. N. Langley in Jrnl. Physiol. XXXIII. 403, I use the word para-sympathetic for the cranial and sacral autonomic systems. 1920Gray's Anat. (ed. 21) 768 The peripheral part [of the autonomic system] is..arranged in two subsidiary systems—the parasympathetic system and the sympathetic system. 1925Jrnl. Physiol. LX. p. ix, The absence of effect of pilocarpine and atropine on muscle tonus indicates that the parasympathetics do not control the tonus of voluntary muscle. 1940[see muscarine]. 1946Nature 10 Aug. 207/1 Most internal organs have a double nerve supply of which one is excitatory (sympathetic) and the other inhibitory (parasympathetic), that is, they work against each other. 1948A. Brodal Neurol. Anat. xi. 340 From the anatomical arrangement of the sympathetic and parasympathetic it is also to be inferred that the former must be involved predominantly as a whole in diffuse reactions, affecting the entire organism, whereas in the latter, the structural organization permits more restricted, localized effects. 1954S. Duke-Elder Parsons' Dis. Eye (ed. 12) v. 68 A second type of drug acts as a parasympathetic stimulant. 1967G. M. Wyburn et al. Conc. Anat. iii. 92/1 Branches from the sympathetic and the vagus (the parasympathetic) form plexuses in relation to the arch of the aorta and the bifurcation of the trachea. 1968Passmore & Robson Compan. Med. Stud. I. xxiv. 90/2 Overall parasympathetic activity corresponds roughly to the picture of an old man asleep after dinner, i.e. slow heart, small pupils, constricted bronchioles and noisy breathing, salivary secretion, vigorous peristalsis. 1972J. A. Wilson Princ. Animal Physiol. xi. 416/2 That part of the autonomic nervous system originating in the thorocolumbar portion of the spinal cord is the sympathetic division; that part originating in the other three segments of the central nervous system is the parasympathetic system. 1977D. Morris Manwatching 166 Whenever we are called upon to perform some intense, violent activity, the sympathetic system takes over and pours adrenalin into the blood, temporarily dominating the keep-calm parasympathetic system.
Hence ˌparasympaˈthetically adv.
1957Jrnl. Nerv. & Mental Dis. CXXV. 463/1 For the most part a situation in which the sympathetic nervous activity is high inhibits parasympathetically innervated consummatory reactions. 1978A. Wingate in M. U. Barnard et al. Human Sexuality for Health Professionals iii. 18 The first phase [of the male sexual response]..is parasympathetically mediated. |